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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proton magnetic resonance spectra of malonate esters (1967)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical & engineering data 12 (1967), S. 594-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5134
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je60035a032
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Heats of Formation of Lithium, Sodium and Potassium Hydrides (1955)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 77 (1955), S. 4524-4526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01622a025
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of thermal algal-bacterial mat to grazing by brine flies (1980)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 6 (1980), S. 303-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Gelatinous mats of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) and bacteria in alkaline thermal springs of Yellowstone National Park add biomass at the surface more rapidly than material is degraded in the anaerobic layers underneath. This inequality leads to flow diversion and exposure of mat surface. The microenvironment of these cool exposed “islands” is drastically altered as adults and larvae of ephydrid fly species invade, feed on, and solubilize the mat. We studied the effect of this grazing by comparing hot and cool ungrazed controls with mat that was cooled and remained open to invasion by ephydrid flies. Mat community biomass changes (ash free dry weight-AFDW) and changes in bacterial numbers were determined. Mat biomass was essentially unchanged for 3 weeks in the controls. Numbers of bacteria remained unchanged in the cool ungrazed control but decreased by more than 90% in the hot-ungrazed control. Grazing by ephydrid flies initially increased both mat biomass and numbers of unicellular heterotrophic bacteria. When grazed mat was reexposed to flowing hot water, biomass and bacterial numbers per mg AFDW declined immediately and significantly. The long-term effect of grazing on the mat is solubilization with downstream biomass export and subsequent initiation of successional algal-bacterial mat regrowth. Our experimental results suggest an initial stimulation of net photosynthesis by grazing, possibly related to the promotion of bacterial activity resulting in the release of essential mineral nutrients and/or free CO2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02010493
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple sutural synostosis and congenital cataracts (1991)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 87 (1991), S. 758-758 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00201745
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of short-term aluminum exposure on demineralized bone matrix induced bone formation (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 66 (1992), S. 706-712 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Aluminum ; Bone formation ; Cartilage ; Calcification ; Osteogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of aluminum exposure on bone formation employing the demineralized bone matrix (DBM) induced bone development model were studied using 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats injected with a saline (control) or an aluminum chloride (experimental) solution. After 2 weeks of aluminum treatment, 20-mg portions of rat DBM were implanted subcutaneously on each side in the thoracic region of the control and experimental rats. Animals were killed 7, 12, or 21 days after implantation of the DBM and the developing plaques removed. No morphological, histochemical, or biochemical differences were apparent between plaques from day 7 control and experimental rats. Plaques from day 12 control and experimental rats exhibited cartilage formation and alkaline phosphatase activity localized in osteochondrogenic cells, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and extracellular matrix. Unlike the plaques from control rats that contained many osteoblastic mineralizing fronts, the plaques from the 12-day experimental group had a preponderance of cartilaginous tissue, no evidence of mineralization, increased levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, and a reduced calcium content. Plaques developing for 21 days in control animals demonstrated extensive new bone formation and bone marrow development, while those in the experimental rats demonstrated unmineralized osteoid-like matrix with poorly developed bone marrow. Alkaline phosphatase activity of the plaques continued to remain high on day 21 for the control and experimental groups. Calcium levels were significantly reduced in the experimental group. These biochemical changes correlated with histochemical reductions in bone calcification. Thus, aluminum administration to rats appears to alter the differentiation and calcification of developing cartilage and bone in the DBM-induced bone formation model and suggests that aluminum by some mechanism alters the matrix calcification in growing bones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01972621
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aluminum toxicity perturbs long bone calcification in the embryonic chick (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 73 (1999), S. 359-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words Aluminum toxicity ; Embryonic bone ; Bone calcification ; Collagen ; Alkaline phosphatase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Long bone calcification in chick embryos acutely- or chronically-treated with aluminum (Al) citrate was investigated. Acutely treated embryos received 100 μl of 60 mM Al citrate, 60 mM sodium (Na) citrate, or 0.7% sodium chloride on day 8 of incubation. Chronically treated embryos received a daily 25 μl dose of the above solutions beginning on day 8. Following 2–8 days of additional incubation, blood was collected, embryos killed, hind limbs radiographed, and tibias collected. Radiography indicated that Al administration resulted in a persistent angulation in the mid-diaphysis of tibias and femurs and a transient mineralization defect during the 10- to 12-day period of incubation. Tibias from 10- to 12-day embryos which were administered Al contained significantly less (P 〈 0.005) bone calcium (Ca) compared with tibias from NaCl-treated embryos. By day 14 there were no significant differences among the Ca content of tibias from embryos acutely treated with Al citrate, Na citrate or NaCl. Similarly, the rate of 45Ca uptake by tibias of embryos treated with Al was significantly lower on days 10 (acute) and 12 (chronic) with no significant differences in Ca uptake rate among the three treatment groups by day 16. In each treatment group bone alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity increased approximately tenfold between days 10 and 16. At all stages, bone ALPase activity was consistently higher and significantly different (chronic) compared with levels in NaCl-treated embryos. In contrast, Al had no significant effect on the rate of tibia collagen and noncollagenous protein synthesis or serum levels of procollagen carboxy-terminal propeptide (PICP), osteocalcin, and parathyroid hormone (PTH).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050674
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aluminum effects on blood chemistry and long bone development in the chick embryo (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 68 (1994), S. 541-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words: Aluminum toxicity  –  Chick embryo  –  Bone mineralization  –  Bone development  –  Citrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Body growth, blood chemistry, and long bone development of 10- to 16-day chick embryos (Gallus gallus) treated with aluminum (Al) citrate, sodium (Na) citrate, or sodium chloride (NaCl) were investigated. Two administration protocols were used. Acutely-treated embryos received 6.0 μmol Al citrate or Na citrate on day 8 of incubation. Chronically-treated embryos received a daily dose of 1.5 μmol Al citrate or Na citrate beginning on day 8 of incubation. For both protocols, Al citrate and Na citrate had no significant influence on viability or body weight. Al citrate-treated embryos had: (a) significantly shorter mean tibia lengths by day 16 of incubation, (b) a consistently lower ratio of tibia length: body weight on all days investigated, and (c) a persistent mid-diaphyseal malformation (angulation) of the femur and tibia. Spatially correlated with the malformation was a calcification defect detected by alizarin red S staining of intact tibias and the accumulation of aluminum as demonstrated by acid solochrome azurine staining of histological sections. Aluminum was localized at the mineralization front of the osteogenic collar surrounding the cartilage core of the tibia. Aluminum citrate or Na citrate had no significant effect on serum total calcium, inorganic phosphorus, total alkaline phosphatase activity, or creatinine, except for a transitory hypercalcemia (day 10) and phosphatemia (days 10 and 12) in Al citrate-treated embryos. The concomitant localization of Al and the early calcification defect in the region of tibial malformation implicate aluminum in the pathogenesis of the skeletal abnormality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050111
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Debye–Waller effects in helium diffraction from Ni(115) (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 83 (1985), S. 5286-5292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Debye–Waller effects in helium diffraction from Ni(115) have been analyzed in order to assess corrections required to determine surface corrugation functions from data taken at nonzero temperatures. It can be concluded that effective corrections can be made for all diffraction peaks by measuring the intensity as a function of temperature for the specular peak. Nonlinearities in Debye–Waller plots at high temperatures can be attributed to anharmonic effects but measurements must be carried out at Bragg angles of the three-dimensional lattice to avoid spurious nonlinearities due to the formation of kinks and steps. It can be further concluded that surface corrugation functions can be accurately determined without Debye–Waller corrections in general if the surface temperature is below 300 K and the Debye–Waller factor is not appreciably greater than the value for Ni(115).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.449742
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acidosis-Induced Enhanced Activity of the Na-K Exchange Pump in the In Vivo Choroid Plexus: An Ontogenetic Analysis of Possible Role in Cerebrospinal Fluid pH Homeostasis (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 38 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Changes in cellular [K] and [Na] in the choroidal epithelium (as a reflection of Na-K pump activity) were analyzed in Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to acute systemic acidosis. In the lateral and 4th ventricle choroid plexus (CP) of adult rats in which metabolic acidosis was induced for 1 h, cell [K] and [Na] increased and decreased by 35 and 15 mm/kg water, respectively, indicating marked stimulation of the Na-K exchange pump in the CSF-facing membrane; in contrast, this striking response of the CP to acidosis could not be elicited in immature animals (1 week old). Since the effects of respiratory acidosis on CP cell [K] and [Na] were similar to those of metabolic acidosis, the reduction in plasma pH (rather than in [HCO3]) is likely the mechanism underlying the enhanced turnover of Na and K across the CP in adults. The concentration of Na and K in the cerebral cortex, medulla, and CSF was generally not altered during acute acid-base distortions in both mature and immature animals. The striking difference in the response of CNS tissue protected by the blood-CSF barrier (i.e., CP) and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to systemic acidosis emphasizes a unique role, presumably homeostatic, for the plexus. Since propranolol substantially attenuated the acidosis-induced changes in choroidal cell [K] and [Na], it is possible that there is β-receptor modulation of the Na,K-ATPase (Na-K pump) in the CP. We postulate that the generally observed enhanced electropositivity in the CSF in systemic acidosis is brought about, at least in part, by facilitation of Na-K pumping in the CP, although induced changes in membrane permeability may also be a factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1982.tb08632.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake of 36Cl and 22Na by the Choroid Plexus-Cerebrospinal Fluid System: Evidence for Active Chloride Transport by the Choroidal Epithelium (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 37 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Cl and Na transport by the lateral ventricle (LVCP) and fourth ventricle (4VCP) choroid plexuses were examined by kinetic analysis of 36Cl and 22Na uptake into the choroid plexus-CSF system of the adult rat. Both radioisotopes required more than 5 h to reach steady-state distribution in the in vivo choroid plexuses and CSF after intraperitoneal injection. Whereas the LVCP and 4VCP 36Cl steady-state spaces were comparable (55–56%), the 4VCP 22Na space (39%) tended to be greater than the LVCP 22Na space (36%). No evidence for inexchangeable Cl or Na was found for the choroid plexuses; the radioisotopic and chemical spaces were not significantly different. Choroid plexus 36Cl and 22Na uptake curves were resolved into two components, a fast component (t1/2 0.02–0.05 h) and a slow component (t1/2 0.85–1.93 h). By analysis of the distribution of [3H]inulin, [3H]mannitol, and 51Cr-tagged erythrocytes within the choroid plexuses, the fast component of 36Cl and 22Na uptake was found to represent extracellular and erythrocyte contributions to the tissue radioactivity, whereas the slow component represented isotope movement into the epithelial cell compartment. The calculated cell [Cl] of LVCP and 4VCP, 67 mmol/kg cell water, was 3.9 times greater than that predicted by the membrane potential for passive distribution. It is postulated that Cl is actively transported into the choroid epithelial cell across the basolateral membrane; the energy source for active Cl transport may be the Na electrochemical potential gradient (˜90 mV), which is twice that of the Cl electrochemical potential gradient (˜45 mV).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb05297.x
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