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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors influencing hydrocarbon degradation in three freshwater lakes (1985)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 11 (1985), S. 127-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mixed microbial flora of 3 lakes in Ohio with differing histories of hydrocarbon pollution was examined in relation to the ability to use hydrocarbons. Weathered kerosene was spiked with naphthalene, pristane, 1,13-tetradecadiene, andn-hexadecane and added to water-sediment mixtures from the 3 lakes, and utilization of the 4 marker hydrocarbons was measured. Each of the marker hydrocarbons was metabolized; naphthalene was the most readily used and pristane was the most resistant. Values for dissolved oxygen suggest that oxygen did not limit hydrocarbon degradation in the water column at any site examined. Nutrient addition studies indicated that nitrogen and phosphorus limited hydrocarbon degradation at all sites examined. Maximum numbers of heterotrophic bacteria were detected when the water temperature was 10°C or higher. The data indicate that temperature limits hydrocarbon degradation in the winter, except at a site which had been impacted by an oil spill and which received chronic inputs of hydrocarbons and nutrients. In samples from that site, all 4 marker hydrocarbons were degraded at 0°C. Results of temperature and nutrient-addition experiments suggest that different seasonal populations of hydrocarbon users are selected at that site, but not at other lake sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02010485
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subcellular location of enzymes involved in oxidation of n-alkane by Cladosporium resinae (1999)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 51 (1999), S. 860-864 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract More than 70% of n-hexadecane-grown cells of Cladosporium resinae ATCC 22711 were converted to spheroplasts when they were treated with chitinase and lytic enzyme from Trichoderma harziamum. The light mitochondrial fraction, containing microbodies, mitochondria and vacuoles, was isolated from spheroplasts. Vacuoles in cells were demonstrated by the inability of acridine orange to stain organelles previously treated with 2.5 μM Bafilomycin A1, a vacuolar ATPase inhibitor. Microbodies, mitochondria and vacuoles were separated from the light mitochondrial fraction by self-generated density-gradient ultracentrifugation using iodixanol as gradient medium. NADH-dependent n-alkane monooxygenase activity and fatty alcohol oxidase activity were located in the cytoplasm and mitochondrial fractions respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051474
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction to special Issue on Microbial Metabolism of Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Tribute to David T Gibson (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 19 (1997), S. 311-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900480
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The passage and propagation of fecal indicator phages in birds (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 24 (2000), S. 127-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: viral tracers; fecal indicator sources; viral transmission; coliphages; phage MS2; birds; pigeons; Canada geese
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The presence of F-specific phages in the diet of birds influenced the presence of these fecal indicators in their feces. F-specific phage concentrations in the feces of Canada geese and pigeons, which are normally low, increased greatly the same day coliphage MS2 was added to their diets. F-specific phage concentrations decreased to the original low levels a week after the phage-spiked feed was removed. Geese kept in pens that were cleaned regularly to reduce fecal-oral contamination had significantly lower somatic coliphage concentrations in their feces than wild geese had in their feces. Somatic coliphage concentrations in feces of feral pigeons were typically low with an occasional fecal sample having high numbers of either one of the two types of phages seen in this population of birds. Sometimes many birds had high numbers of only one type of phage in their feces. This lasted only a day and was probably due to fecal contamination of the feeding pans by the pigeons. The degree to which birds are a source of phage indicators of fecal pollution can change in a short period of time. Thus the presence of contaminated feeding sites should be considered before ruling out animals as a possible source of fecal indicators. F-specific phages may be useful tracers for modeling viral transmission and tracking feeding habits in birds. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 127–131.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900785
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening environmental samples for source-specific bacteriophage hosts using a method for the simultaneous pouring of 12 petri plates (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 24 (2000), S. 124-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: viral tracers; fecal indicator sources; bacteriophages; coliphages; dog feces; sewage; pour plate method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple apparatus was developed to allow 12 petri plates to be poured simultaneously by hand. It was used when screening bacterial isolates from sewage and dog feces for their ability to detect phages from these sources. This was done to assess the ease with which source-specific phage hosts can be isolated from these sources of fecal pollution. Host bacteria that consistently detected phages from sewage were easily isolated from sewage. These bacterial isolates did not detect phages from dog feces. Host bacteria were not isolated from dog feces even after screening hundreds of colonies from fecal samples from six dogs. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 124–126.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900786
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tracing the interaction of bacteriophage with bacterial biofilms using fluorescent and chromogenic probes (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 16 (1996), S. 331-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: biofilms ; bacteriophages T4 and E79 ; Escherichia coli ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; SCLM ; fluorescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Phages T4 and E79 were fluorescently-labeled with rhodamine isothiocyanate (RITC), fluoroscein isothiccyanate (FITC), and by the addition of 4′6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) to phage-infected host cells ofEscherichia coli andPseudomonas aeruginosa. Comparisons of electron micrographs with scanning confocal laser microscope (SCLM) images indicated that single RITC-labeled phage particles could be visualized. Biofilms of each bacterium were infected by labeled phage. SCLM and epifluorescence microscopy were used to observe adsorption of phage to single-layer surface-attached bacteria and thicker biofilms. The spread of the recombinant T4 phage, YZA1 (containing an rll-LacZ fusion), within alac E. coli biofilm could be detected in the presence of chromogenic and fluorogenic homologs of galactose. Infected cells exhibited blue pigmentation and fluorescence from the cleavage products produced by the phage-encoded β-galactosidase activity. Fluorescent antibodies were used to detect nonlabeled progeny phage. Phage T4 infected both surface-attached and surface-associatedE. coli while phage E79 adsorbed toP. aeruginosa cells on the surface of the biofilm, but access to cells deep in biofilms was somewhat restricted. Temperature and nutrient concentration did not affect susceptibility to phage infection, but lower temperature and low nutrients extended the time-to-lysis and slowed the spread of infection within the biofilm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01570111
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity of methyltins to microbial populations in estuarine sediments (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 2 (1988), S. 373-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Organotin ; Methyltin ; Tin ; Estuarine microorganism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The toxicities of three organotin compounds were examined on natural populations of microorganisms in sediments from Boston Harbor. Mono-, di-and trimethyltins were toxic to organisms from these sediments, and the di-and trimethyl compounds were more toxic than the monomethyl compound as measured by either viable counts or by [3H]thymidine uptake. Approximately three to eight times as much organotin was required to achieve the same effect measured by thymidine uptake as measured by viable counts. The results of replica plating experiments suggest that most estuarine organisms which are resistant to one methyltin will be resistant to other methyltins. LC-values suggest that at concentrations reported for methyltins in aquatic environments, methyltins alone are not likely to cause major alterations in the microbial flora. However, these compounds may combine with other stressors to alter the composition of natural populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569576
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coliphages and indicator bacteria in birds around Boston Harbor (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 21 (1998), S. 28-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: indicator bacteria; coliphages; Boston Harbor; birds; pigeon; herring gull; Canada geese
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Droppings from feral populations of pigeons, geese and herring gulls from the urban/suburban environment around Boston Harbor, MA, USA contained up to 106 somatic coliphages, 108 enterococci, 109 thermotolerant coliforms and 102 F-specific coliphages per gram of feces. Somatic coliphages, enterococci and thermotolerant coliforms were common in the feces of all three kinds of birds but F-specific coliphages were found in droppings from only three of 32 gulls. Thus these sources of bacterial and viral indicators should be considered when dealing with the ecology of fecal pollution indicators. Moreover, microbial indicators of fecal or sewage pollution originating from bird droppings may be mistaken for indicators that come from humans. This may cause an overestimate of the hazard from human pathogens in water and confound attempts to locate sources of fecal or sewage pollution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900550
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Tri-, Di- and monobutyltin on heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria from surficial estuarine sediments (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 27 (1994), S. 501-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria—two Bacillus spp., an unidentified gram-positive rod and a gram-negative rod tentatively identified as a Pseudomonas sp.—were isolated from surficial sediments from Boston Harbor, Massachusetts. None of the organisms produced a detectable level of NO 3 − . Nanomolar levels of tributyltin (TBT) and its degradation products dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT) were examined for their effects on growth, NH 4 + - uptake and N-oxidation by the organisms. TBT inhibited growth of all four isolates. DBT inhibited growth of Bacillus sp. SC-2 and the unidentified gram-positive rod. Growth of the Pseudomonas sp. was inhibited by exposure to 100 nM MBT. NH 4 + uptake was inhibited, even by butyltin species that did not inhibit growth. Free NH2OH production and NO 2 − production were inhibited by TBT but varied from being inhibited to being stimulated with different DBT or MBT exposure regimes. Nitrite production was affected differently from free NH2OH production for Bacillus sp. SC-2 and the unidentified rod. DBT appears to be particularly toxic to NH2OH oxidation by these four organisms. At the concentration used, TBT was more toxic than DBT or MBT. The results suggest that butyltins have the potential to affect nitrification by heterotrophic bacteria in the aquatic environment at nanomolar levels and that degradation of TBT to DBT and MBT does not necessary detoxify it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214841
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Organotin-Resistant Bacteria from Boston Harbor Sediments (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 35 (1998), S. 412-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Organotins are widely used in agriculture and industry. They are toxic to a variety of organisms including bacteria, although little is known of their physiology and ecology. Bacteria resistant to six organotins—tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin (DBT), monobutyltin (MBT), triphenyltin (TPT), diphenyltin (DPT), and monophenyltin (MPT)—were isolated from Boston Harbor sediments, Massachusetts, USA. Bacteria resistant to each of the organotins, except DPT, were isolated directly from estuarine sediments. Viability of the organotin-resistant bacteria on serial transfer in the laboratory ranged from 80 to 91%. Each isolate was screened for resistance to the other organotins. All of 250 isolates were resistant to at least two organotins. No DPT-resistant isolates were found on initial isolation on DPT, although there was DPT resistance among the other organotin-resistant bacteria. Eighty percent of TBT-resistant bacteria were TPT-resistant, suggesting that antifouling paints containing TPT will not be a suitable substitute for TBT in paints designed to inhibit microbial biofilms. Debutylation reduced toxicity in some cases while dephenylation did not. Thus, even though trisubstituted organotins are generally believed to be more toxic than di- or monosubstituted organotins, this may not always be the case, and more than one mechanism of resistance may be involved. All the bacteria were resistant to at least six of eight heavy metals tested, suggesting that resistance to heavy metals may be associated with resistance to organotins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900396
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