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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study on emulsion copolymerization of styrene andn-butyl acrylate (1992)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 29 (1992), S. 309-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The emulsion copolymerization of styrene and n-butyl acrylate has been investigated. Copolymers were obtained at 70°C in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate, an anionic micelle generator and ammonium persulfate as initiator. The ideal time of reaction, the effect of the amount of initiator, temperature and comonomer composition were also studied. The copolymers have been characterized through gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00944824
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of some synthesis parameters on Ziegler-Natta catalyst performance (1993)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 31 (1993), S. 249-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Catalysts based on TiCl3 modified by di-n-butyl ether (DBE) as internal base were synthesized with the aim to obtain polypropylene particles of controlled morphology. Two routes were used to synthesize the catalysts (System A and System B). In System A, DBE employed as internal base was complexed with TiCl4 and diethylaluminum chloride (DEAC) in iso-octane solution and in System B, DBE was complexed with triethylaluminum (TEA) and TiCl4 in toluene solution. The catalysts were evaluated in propylene polymerization and the polymer morphology was characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopies, bulk density and particle size distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329973
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controlled degradation reactions in EPDM bulk modification with maleic anhydride (1994)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 33 (1994), S. 549-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Two kinds of EPDM rubber were bulk functionalized with maleic anhydride, using dicumyl peroxide as radical source, in the presence of stabilizers and electron donor in order to minimize degradative oxidation. Different peroxide type initiators were tested aiming to control oxidation without deleteriously affecting grafting efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296163
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of hindered Lewis bases on the catalyst performance of TiCl3 for propylene polymerization (1995)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 34 (1995), S. 555-561 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The effect of AlEt3 modified by tributylamine (TBA), 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2]octan (DO), 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TMPip), 2,6-dibutyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) and 2-tert-butyl-4-metoxyphenol (TBMP) on the propylene polymerization was studied using a catalyst based on TiCl3 modified with di-n-butyl ether as internal base. The influence of these hindered Lewis bases on the isotacticity, catalyst activity, molecular weight ( $$\overline M $$ n) and molecular weight distribution (MWD) was investigated. It was verified that the Lewis bases modified the percentage of mm triad whereas no significant effect on I.I. was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00423351
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of reaction parameters on the polymerization of methyl methacrylate with nickel acetylacetonate/methylaluminoxane (1997)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 38 (1997), S. 303-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Polymerizations of methyl methacrylate (MMA) employing nickel acetylacetonate [Ni(acac)2] as catalyst combined with methylaluminoxane (MAO) as cocatalyst were investigated. The main purpose of this work is concerned with the study of reaction parameters MMA polymerization. Temperature of polymerization, Al/Ni mole ratio, type of solvent, catalyst concentration and time dependence were examined. The influence of Lewis bases on the polymerization was also studied. The binary system Ni(acac)2/MAO was the only one able to polymerize MMA at the conditions employed in this work. The cocatalytic activity of MAO was compared to those of common alkylaluminium compounds. The polymers were characterized by gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) and 13C-NMR techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890050052
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of some synthesis parameters on Ziegler-Natta catalyst performance (1992)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 28 (1992), S. 55-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The role of di-n-butyl ether (DBE) in the synthesis of highly active and stereospecific catalyst for propylene polymerization has been investigated. The ether was used as internal base (IB) or complexed with TiCl4 and diethylaluminium chloride (DEAC) in iso-octane solution (System A) or complexed with triethylaluminium (TEA) in toluene solution (System B). Many differences were observed in the catalyst performance. The activity, the catalyst stereospecificity and the polymer bulk density were evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045638
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of Lewis bases on the improvement of the stereospecificity and activity of TiCl3/AlClEt2 catalyst system (1991)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 26 (1991), S. 535-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The effect of di-n-butyl ether (DBE) in the synthesis of a highly active propylene polymerization catalyst was studied. Electron-donors having ester and phosphate groups (ethyl benzoate-EB, diisobutyl phthalate-DIBP and tri-n-butyl phosphate-TBP) were added as second internal bases (IB2) to the catalysts prepared by the reduction of TiCl4 with AlClEt2 (DEAC) in the presence of DBE as a first internal base (IB1). The crystalline forms were examined for all catalyst samples by X-ray method. Special attention has been paid to the δ-TiCl3 samples showing the best catalytic properties. These catalysts were evaluated in propylene polymerization in the absence and presence of external bases (EB, DIBP and DBE). The effects of internal and external bases on the catalyst activity and stereo-specificity are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01032679
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propylene polymerization with δ-TiCl3/AlClEt2 and δ-TiCl3/AlEt3 catalyst systems (1992)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 27 (1992), S. 645-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Some parameters of propylene polymerization using δ-TiCl3/AlClEt2 and δ-TiCl3/AlEt3 catalyst systems were evaluated. The catalyst was prepared through the reduction of TiCl4 complexed with di-n-butyl ether (DBE) (mole ratio DBE/TiCl4=0.67) by AlClEt2. Propylene polymerizations were carried out at different Al/Ti ratios, using AlEt3 or AlClEt2 as cocatalysts and different polymerization temperatures. The effects of these parameters on catalyst activity, stereo-specificity and polymer molecular weight were investigated. The results indicate that these parameters strongly affect catalyst performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297434
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethylene-propylene copolymers by a supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst based on TiCl4/MgCl2 (1997)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 39 (1997), S. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Ethylene-propylene copolymers have been prepared by using Ziegler-Natta catalysts based on TiCl4, MgCl2, PCl3 and (n-Bu)3PO4. The catalysts TiCl4/MgCl2/PCl3 and TiCl4/MgCl2/(n-Bu)3PO4 were prepared by reacting TiCl4 with pretreated MgCl2. The support was prepared by ball milling of MgCl2 with varied amounts of PCl3 or (n-Bu)3PO4. The addition of PCl3 has remarkably increased the MgCl2 surface area in comparison with (n-Bu)3PO4. The effects of PCl3 and (n-Bu)3PO4 on ethylene homopolymerization, ethylene-propylene copolymerization and on copolymer properties were evaluated. The catalyst system containing PCl3 permitted to synthesize propylene-ethylene copolymers with up to 75% (w/w) of propylene and provided control of copolymer crystallinity. The reduction of the copolymer molecular weight distribution suggested that PCl3 acted as an internal donor, poisoning some active catalytic sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890050130
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethylene polymerization with Cp2ZrCl2 supported on dealuminated Y zeolite (1997)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 39 (1997), S. 567-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Y zeolites with different aluminium contents obtained by dealumination with ammonium hexafluorosilicate were evaluated as supports for bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride catalysts. The activities of the supported and homogeneous systems were compared for ethylene polymerization. The most active heterogeneous catalyst was the one supported on the zeolite with the higher Si/Al ratio and external area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890050187
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