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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims : Respiratory bronchiolitis (RB) and desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) are closely associated histological patterns of interstitial pneumonia, although there are no studies on the extent of individual histological parameters. Furthermore, the term smoking related-interstitial lung disease (SR-ILD) has been proposed as a term to encompass patients with both these histological patterns who give a history of smoking, though it is not well defined how this term relates to historical cases of DIP. The aim of this study was to compare histological parameters in cases of DIP and RB and then to review in detail clinical, imaging and histological data for DIP in relation to a history of smoking.Methods and results : Forty-nine cases were reviewed, 24 with RB and 25 with DIP; five cases of DIP were re-classified as RB on review due to bronchocentricity of the infiltrate. There was a significantly greater extent of interstitial fibrosis (P = 0.02), lymphoid follicles (P 〈 0.001) and eosinophilic infiltration (P 〈 0.0001) in patients with DIP compared with RB. In addition, the extents of these three parameters were significantly interrelated. Patients with DIP had a lower incidence of smoking (60%) when compared with patients with RB-ILD (93%) (P 〈 0.005). Further analysis of smokers versus never-smokers with DIP showed no difference in histological parameters, extent of haemosiderin deposition or the number of CD1a+ macrophages between the two groups, nor were there any differences in clinical data to suggest other aetiologies. Follow-up high-resolution computed tomography data from patients with DIP suggested that a pattern of fibrotic non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) may develop in the long term in both smokers and never-smokers.Conclusion : There are significant differences in the extent of interstitial fibrosis, lymphoid follicles and eosinophilic infiltration between DIP and RB, as well as a much lower incidence of smoking in patients with DIP. Whether the lower reported incidence of smoking in DIP reflects referral bias or conservatism in giving a history of smoking remains uncertain, as neither histological parameters nor clinical data indicate a difference between smokers and never-smokers with DIP. Nevertheless, some cases of DIP are likely to remain idiopathic and unrelated to RB, though still have a good prognosis. Furthermore, they may evolve into a pattern resembling fibrotic NSIP. Therefore, whilst SR-ILD is appropriate in the correct clinical setting, the distinction between the histological patterns of RB and DIP remains appropriate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The molecular identity of a gene which encodes the pore-forming subunit (α1G) of a member of the family of low-voltage-activated, T-type, voltage-dependent calcium channels has been described recently. Although northern mRNA analyses have shown α1G to be expressed predominantly in the brain, the detailed cellular distribution of this protein in the central nervous system (CNS) has not yet been reported. The current study describes the preparation of a subunit specific α1G riboprobe and antiserum which have been used in parallel in situ mRNA hybridization and immunohistochemical studies to localize α1G in the mature rat brain. Both α1G mRNA and protein were widely distributed throughout the brain, but variations were observed in the relative level of expression in discrete nuclei. Immunoreactivity for α1G was typically localized in both the soma and dendrites of many neurons. Whilst α1G protein and mRNA expression were often observed in cells known to exhibit T-type current activity, some was also noted in regions, e.g. cerebellar granule cells, in which T-type activity has not been described. These observations may reflect differences between the subcellular distribution of channels that can be identified by immunohistochemical methods compared with electrophysiological techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 275 (1978), S. 635-637 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Our experiments with the model system were similar to those described previously3, but we used a gas chromatographic technique rather than radiochemical labelling to estimate methyl mercury losses. Aqueous solutions of CH3HgCl (concentration about 1 mg dm?3) were placed in screw top bottles fitted ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 267 (1977), S. 606-608 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] For each experiment, a bulk sample of sediment was taken from the intertidal zone of the River Mersey Estuary. This sample (of several kilograms weight) was immediately homogenised (by vigorous hand mixing) on site, and divided into a number of subsamples, each of about 120 g. Two or three of these ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 261 (1976), S. 125-126 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Table 1 I Mercury concentrations in surface sedimei tits Sample Area Number of Sample s Total I mercury (jag g'1) Reference Mean Min Max River Mersey, England 136 2.23 0.01 14.30 this work Swansea Bay, Wales 55 1.60 7 Swansea Bay, Wales 11 0.19 0.04 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 351 (1995), S. 467-470 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Several artificial rainwater samples and a natural sample of road dust have been analysed for trimethyllead under the aegis of a European Union Measurement and Testing (Bureau of Community Reference — BCR) intercomparison exercise, using a new and simplified purge and trap ethylation technique. Levels of trimethyllead found have been similar to those reported at lower levels from the natural environment. The method has been successful in the presence of excess amounts of inorganic lead, even for organic lead levels one tenth of those recently reported for the natural environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 1 (1987), S. 275-279 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Biomethylation ; Methyl tin compounds ; Environmental methylation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Yeasts ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The methylation of several tin compounds by strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (yeast) is described. The production of the methyl tin species was established by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Monomethyl tin (IV) products dominated but some dimethyl tin products were observed. This appears to be the first report of a tin methylation by a pure strain of a methylating species rather than a complex mixture obtained from an environmental source.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 2 (1988), S. 33-46 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Environmental analysis ; hydride generation ; organotin ; organoarsenic ; antimony ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel method of analysis of inorganic and organometallic compounds is reported. Essentially this utilizes the well-documented hydride generation technique, but in the present method the hydrides are generated from their involatile precursors (e.g. chlorides) on a GC column and separated from each other and from extraneous materials on the same GC column in a single process. Using the method, a solution of butyltin chlorides can be directly injected into a GC AA system to yield the volatile hydrides for separation, detection and quantification.To date, species analysed by this method include inorganic As(III), Me2AsOOH, inorganic Sb(III) and Sb(V), MeSnCl3, Me2SnCl2, Me3SnCl, Et2SnCl2, Et3SnCl, BuSnCl3, Bu2SnCl2, Bu3SnCl and Pr3SnCl.With the use of the internal standard Pr3SnCl and with the almost complete hydridization afforded by the technique, the procedure is shown to eliminate errors and to reduce the time involved in the analysis. The use of on-column derivatization also allows for the possibility that, in some cases, organotin hydrides reported to be found in the natural environment may, in fact, be organotin chlorides being reported as hydrides owing to inadvertent hydride production on the column. Some reports of successful gas chromatography for organotin halides could also conceivably be due to on-column hydride generation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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