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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Hypercalciuria ; Idiopathic hypercalciuria ; Bone mineral content ; 1 ; 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D ; Furosemide ; Ammonium chloride ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The relationship between bone mineral status and hypercalciuria is controversial. The effect on bone composition of different forms of hypercalciuria was studied in female rats made hypercalciuric by 7-week administration of oral furosemide (F, n=12), intraperitoneal 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (VD, n=11), or oral ammonium chloride (AC, n=12). Seven untreated rats served as controls (C). Hypercalciuria (mg/100 g per 24 h, mean ±SEM) of F (4.3±0.2), VD (4.1±0.4), and AC (3.9±0.3) groups was of similar intensity (C rats 1.3±0.1, P〈0.01). Weight and length gains and serum CO2, sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate were no different among the four groups. Bone was studied by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of left tibiae. AC rats had significantly less bone area (1.505±0.018 cm2) than VD and C (1.602±0.020 and 1.587±0.019 cm2). Bone mineral content was decreased in F (0.357±0.007 g) and AC (0.362±0.006 g) compared with VD (0.407±0.008 g) and C (0.389±0.009 g) groups. Bone mineral density was different between F (0.231±0.002 g/cm2) and VD and C rats (0.254±0.004 and 0.245±0.003 g/cm2), and also between AC (0.240±0.003 cm2) and VD rats. In these rat models, hypercalciuria of renal origin (F) and hypercalciuria caused by acid load (AC) adversely impaired bone mass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-0638
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Education
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Using data collected in a provincial poll and provided by the Ministry of Education of Quebec, this article analyzes the impact of the urban-rural variable on different aspects of the management of school commissions at a time of economic recession and population decrease. The reduction in school enrollees as much as that of the educational personnel is more considerable in the urban environment than the rural one. When analyzing the consequences of management strategies in all assessments the decrease in enrolments and the urban-rural variable show constant results. Although some of these effects are direct, in most cases, however, they tend to be indirect because of the decrease in the number of staff members. In general, the consequences of management are less positive in the urban environment than in the rural one. Finally, according to the respondents the quality of the service linked to teaching has deteriorated more so in the urban environment than compared to the rural one.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Gestützt auf die bei einer Umfrage in einer kanadischen Provinz gesammelten und vom Erziehungsministerium von Quebec zur Verfügung gestellten Daten, wird in diesem Artikel die Auswirkung der Unterschiede zwischen städtischen und ländlichen Gebieten auf Aspekte der Schulverwaltung bei sinkenden Einschulungsraten analysiert. Sinkende Einschulungsraten und Personalkürzungen werden in Stadtbereichen für schwerwiegender gehalten als in den Landgebieten. Andererseits sind die Verwaltungsmaßnahmen bezüglich der untersuchten Variablen unabhängig von Stadt-Land Unterschieden konstant. Obwohl einige dieser Folgen direkt sind, sind die meisten mittelbar durch Personalkürzungen bedingt. Im allgemeinen sind jedoch die Folgen der Verwaltungsmaßnahmen im städtischen Bereich weniger positiv als im ländlichen. Schließlich hat sich gemäß den Befragungsergebnissen die Qualität der unterrichtsbezogenen Dienstleistungen in den städtischen Gebieten stärker verschlechtert als in den ländlichen.
    Notes: Résumé En utilisant des données recueillies lors d'un sondage provincial et des données provenant du ministère de l'Éducation du Québec, cet article analyse l'impact de la variable urbain-rural sur différents aspects de la gestion de commissions scolaires en période de décroissance. La réduction des effectifs scolaires ainsi que celle du personnel sont plus importantes en milieu urbain qu'en milieu rural. Lorsqu'on analyse les conséquences des stratégies de gestion, la décroissance des effectifs et la variable urbain-rural ont des effets constants à travers toutes les estimations. Bien que certains de ces effets soient directs, ils sont, dans la plupart des cas, indirects via la réduction du personnel. En général, les conséquences de la gestion sont moins positives en milieu urbain qu'en milieu, rural. Enfin, selon les répondants, la qualité des services liés à l'enseignement se serait détériorée en milieu urbain comparativement au milieu rural.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Higher education 18 (1989), S. 373-395 
    ISSN: 1573-174X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper consists of a description of management strategies employed in the higher education systems of three western industrialized societies (Québec, France, and the Federal Republic of Germany) and of some of their consequences, and an attempt to account for similarities and differences observed among them. The data consists of official macro-statistics, 65 (sixty-five) semi-structured interviews with top higher education officials and resource persons in France and the Federal Republic of Germany, and two surveys of Quebec's universities. Analyses show that compensatory strategies are found most in Québec and least in the Federal Republic of Germany. The majority of managerial strategies per se are similar across systems. Despite the similarities, observed consequences indirectly reveal, however, that the European adjustment to austerity has been less severe than Quebec's. Some factors in the environments of the respective higher education systems are suggested to account for this difference.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 8 (1962), S. 383-388 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: As part of a study of the effect of conditions of flow upon macroscopic and local thermal and material transport from spheres, an investigation was made of the macroscopic and local transport from a silver and a porous sphere each 1 in. in diameter. The transport was measured in a turbulent air stream at Reynolds numbers up to 7,500, and the apparent level of longitudinal turbulence of the stream was varied between 0.013 and 0.15. In the case of the porous sphere the thermal and material transport were evaluated for the evaporation of n-octane.The results indicate that the macroscopic Nusselt number is substantially larger for combined thermal and material transport than for thermal transport alone. The local Nusselt number varied by a factor of 5 around the silver sphere from stagnation to separation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Keywords: AFLPs ; conservation genetics ; Populus euphratica ; Spain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Populus euphratica from the only known population in Spain was studied using genetic fingerprinting (AFLPs) to evaluate the level of genetic variation in the population. Three primer combinations were used, giving 132 interpretable bands. Using this technique we were unable to detect any genetic variation between individuals tested, and the population appears to be clonal in origin. The results are discussed in relation to the likely history of the population and its conservation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Keywords: dung beetles ; endemicity ; impact ; management ; vascular plants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Protection of natural areas has caused the elimination of traditional grazing activity on many occasions. As a result, in Mediterranean ecosystems a loss of biodiversity is usually related to a decrease of grassland and grassland–bush mosaic areas. In order to establish relationships between land use and the relative importance of each type of habitat in terms of species richness and endemicity, the Font Roja Natural Park in Alicante Province (SE Iberian Peninsula) was studied. Four sites were selected representing the four different existing habitats: a wooded area (holm-oak forest), a dense shrubland, a dense grassland, and a grassland–shrubland mosaic area. In each site, the species composition of vegetation and dung beetle fauna were analysed. The results showed that the highest diversity and endemicity, for plants and beetles, were concentrated in the dense grasslands and the grassland–shrubland mosaic. Thus, controlled grazing activity of sheep and goats which maintained a diverse variegated landscape would favour the historical sustenance of the biodiversity of Mediterranean ecosystems, as that would allow a remarkable diversity of habitats with higher conservation levels of existing species richness and endemicity. Therefore, we propose a reintroduction of traditional grazing of sheep and goats throughout ecological, cultural and economical measures, which would include guidelines and regulations, set out to boost an integrated rural policy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 210 (1998), S. 211-229 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Solenopsis ; Lobeliaceae ; Taxonomy ; morphology ; biogeography ; nomenclature ; Mediterranean Region
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genusSolenopsis (Lobeliaceae) is revised on the basis of morphological and biogeographical features, and a new taxonomic arrangement is proposed. Seven taxa (six species and one additional subspecies) are accepted, of which three are proposed as new combinations:Solenopsis bivonae, S. corsica, andS. minima. For all accepted taxa nomenclatural types, descriptions, distribution areas and identification keys are provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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