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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Umbilical artery catheters ; Newborn complications ; Aortographs ; Thrombosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Catheterization of the umbilical artery for the treatment of critically ill neonates provides a convenient method for monitoring blood gas tension and chemistry. The most important complications are thrombotic. Thirty eight aortographs were carried out in infants who underwent umbilical artery catheterization. 17/38 of the aortographs were pathological. Bacterial cultures were positive in 11/17, but only 4 coincided with pathological aortographs. Clinical signs indicating complications due to the presence of the catheter were observed in 10 cases. Post-mortem examination of eight subjects—three of whom had pathological aortographs—during the course of the investigation revealed only one case of thrombosis. This baby was considered to have died as a direct result of a thrombotic complication. In our experience the clinical signs of vascular complications and evaluation of the peripheral circulation in the ipsilateral leg remain the most important ways of assessing the indication for catheter-withdrawal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 79-82 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cefonicid ; paediatric infections ; pharmacokinetics ; single dose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of cefonicid was studied in 17 children requiring antibiotic treatment for respiratory or urinary tract infections. After informed consent had been obtained from the parents, a single dose of cefonicid 50 mg/kg/body weight was given by intramuscular injection. The mean peak serum concentration of 212.63 µg/ml was reached at 1.00 h, as absorption occurred at a very fast rate with a mean constant of 3.24 h−1. Mean values for half-life, apparent volume of distribution (Vz), total body clearance (CL), and renal clearance (CLR) were 3.24 h, 0.21 l·kg−1, 16.67 ml·min−1 and 13.60 ml·min−1 respectively. There was an inverse relationship between age and Vz, whereas CL and CLR were positively correlated with age. Cefonicid concentrations in urine were many times higher than the MICs of susceptible strains of bacteria. The study demonstrated that i.m. cefonicid 50 mg·kg−1 gave serum concentrations well within the therapeutic range for susceptible bacteria, and that its pharmacokinetic properties allow single daily doses to be used to treat infections in children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 13 (1985), S. 260-262 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für den Nachweis von Rotavirus in Stuhlproben Neugeborener wird ein einfacher und schneller Staphylokokken-Koagglutinationstest mit Anwendung von Kaninchen-Antiserum gegen das Nebraska-Kälberdiarrhöe-Virus (NCDV) vorgestellt. Bei direkter Prüfung im Koagglutinationstest agglutinierten mehr als 68% der Proben die Kontrollsubstanz. Diese unspezifischen Reaktionen wurden durch Vorinkubation der Proben mit dem Serum nicht immunisierter Kaninchen und 45minütiges Erhitzen auf 80° C erheblich vermindert. Bei Testung Rotavirushaltiger Stühle wurde durch diese Vorbehandlung keine Verminderung der spezifischen Aktivität im Koagglutinationstest hervorgerufen. Beim Vergleich der Ergebnisse von Koagglutinationstest und ELISA in 290 Rotavirus-positiven oder -negativen Stühlen ergab sich für den Koagglutinationstest eine Sensitivität von 92%, Spezifität von 91% und ein prädiktiver Wert von 31%. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß sich der Koagglutinationstest für das Schnellscreening auf Rotavirus-Infektionen in der klinischen Praxis eignet.
    Notes: Summary A simple and rapid staphylococcal coagglutination test, using rabbit antisera prepared against Nebraska calf diarrhea virus (NCDV), is described for the detection of rotavirus in neonatal fecal specimens. When the samples were examined directly using the coagglutination test, more than 60% of the specimens agglutinated the control reagent. These non-specific reactions were markedly reduced by preincubation of the specimens with non-immune rabbit serum and further heating at 80° C for 45 min. Such treatment did not reduce the specific activity in the coagglutination test when rotavirus-containing stools were tested. The coagglutionation test was compared with ELISA in 290 stools positive or negative for rotavirus. The sensitivity of the coagglutination test was 92%, the specificity 91% and the predictive value 31%. These results indicate that coagglutination is a suitable test for rapid screening of rotavirus infection in clinical practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über das Neugeborene einer Mutter mit HBsAg-Trägerstatus, das durch vertikale Übertragung infiziert wurde und im Alter von vier Monaten trotz der sofort nach Geburt durchgeführten aktiv-passiven Impfprophylaxe eine subklinische Hepatitis B entwickelte. Bei der Mutter wurde folgender HBV-Marker-Status nachgewiesen: HBsAg-, HBeAg-positiv; niedrige Titer von anti-HBc IgM, anti-HBc IgG-, anti-HBs- und anti-HBe-negativ. Es wird angenommen, daß das Fehlen von anti-HBc-Antikörpern die möglicherweise in utero erfolgte HBV-Infektion begünstigt hat, deren antigene Expression anschließend durch die Gabe von HBIg bei Geburt verzögert wurde. Aus diesen Befunden ist zu schließen, daß der Nachweis von anti-HBc IgM, insbesondere bei Fehlen von anti-HBc IgG-Antikörpern, ein zusätzlicher Marker für mütterliche Infektiosität ist.
    Notes: Summary We report the case of a newborn of an HBsAg carrier mother who was infected by vertical transmission and developed a subclinical hepatitis B at four months of age, notwithstanding the passive-active prophylaxis performed right after birth. The mother's HBV marker status was: HBsAg positive, HBeAg positive, anti-HBc IgM positive at low titer, anti-HBc IgG negative, anti-HBs negative, anti-HBe negative. It is assumed that the absence of anti-HBC antibodies might have favoured, perhaps in utero, the HBV infection whose antigenic expression was subsequently delayed by HBIg administered at birth. These findings suggest that the positivity for anti-HBc IgM must be considered an additional marker of maternal infectivity especially in the absence of anti-HBc IgG antibodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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