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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular characterization of the nodulation gene, nodT, from two biovars of Rhizobium leguminosarum (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 4 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: DNA sequencing of the nodlJ region from Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii revealed the nodT gene immediately downstream of nodJ. DNA hybridizations using a nodT-specific probe showed that nodT is present in several R. leguminosarum strains. Interestingly, a flavonoid-inducible nodT gene homologue in R. leguminosarum bv. viciae is not in the nodABCIJ operon but is located downstream of nodMN. The sequence of the nodT gene from bv. viciae was determined and a comparison of the predicted aminoacid sequences of the two nodT genes shows them to be conserved; the predicted protein sequences appear to have a potential transit sequence typical of outer-membrane proteins. Mutations affecting nodT in either biovar had no observed effect on nodulation of the legumes tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00591.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the Rhizobium leguminosarum genes nodLMN involved in efficient host-specific nodulation (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 2 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Three nodulation genes, nodL, nodM and nodN, were isolated from Rhizobium leguminosarum and their DNA sequences were determined. The three genes are in the same orientation as the previously described nodFE genes and the predicted molecular weights of their products are 20105 (nodL), 65795 (nodM) and 18 031 (nodN.) Analysis of gene regulation using operon fusions showed that nodL, nodM and nodN are induced in response to flavanone molecules and that this induction is nodD-dependent. In addition, it was shown that the nodM and nodW genes are in one operon which is preceded by a conserved ‘nod-box’ sequence, whereas the nodL gene is in the same operon as the nodFE genes. DNA hybridizations using specific gene probes showed that strongly homologous genes are present in Rhizobium trifolii but not Rhizobium meliloti or Bradyrhizobium japonicum. A mutation within nodL strongly reduced nodulation of peas, Lens and Lathyrus but had little effect on nodutation of Vicia species. A slight reduction in nodulation of Vicia hirsuta was observed with strains carrying mutations in nodM or nodN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1988.tb00019.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amino-acid cycling drives nitrogen fixation in the legume– Rhizobium symbiosis (2003)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 422 (2003), S. 722-726 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The biological reduction of atmospheric N2 to ammonium (nitrogen fixation) provides about 65% of the biosphere's available nitrogen. Most of this ammonium is contributed by legume–rhizobia symbioses, which are initiated by the infection of legume hosts by bacteria ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01527
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Membrane Adenosine Triphosphatases of Prokaryotic Cells (1979)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biochemistry 48 (1979), S. 103-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4154
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.48.070179.000535
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nodulation of legumes by rhizobium (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 11 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules on leguminous plants is the culmination of an integrated development involving many plant and bacterial genes. This review focuses on the structure, function and regulation of the bacterial genes involved in the nodulation process. We attempt to interpret recent observations on these genes in the context of signal exchanges which occur between the macro-and micro-symbionts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1988.tb01364.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Secretion of the Rhizobium leguminosarum nodulation protein NodO by haemolysin-type systems (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 6 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae nodulation protein NodO is partially homologous to haemolysin of Escherichia coli and, like haemolysin, is secreted into the growth medium. The NodO protein can be secreted by a strain of E. coli carrying the cloned nodO gene plus the haemolysin secretion genes hlyBD, in a process that also requires the outer membrane protein encoded by tolC. The related protease secretion genes, prtDEF, from Erwinia chrysanthemi also enable E. coli to secrete NodO. The Rhizobium genes encoding the proteins required for NodO secretion are unlinked to nodO and are unlike other nod genes, since they do not require flavonoids or NodO for their expression. Although proteins similar to NodO were not found in rhizobia other than R. leguminosarum bv. viciae, several rhizobia and an Agrobacterium strain containing the cloned nodO gene were found to have the ability to secrete NodO. These observations indicate that a wide range of the Rhizobiaceae have a protein secretion mechanism analogous to that which secretes haemotysin and related toxins and proteases in the Enterobacteriaceae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb02004.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nodL gene from Rhizobium leguminosarum is homologous to the acetyl transferases encoded by lacA and cysE (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The predicted protein sequence of the nodL gene from Rhizobium leguminosarum was screened against translations of the GenBank DNA sequence database. A very strong homology was found to lacA, which encodes thiogalactoside transferase; homology between NodL and the cysE gene product (serine acetyl transferase) was also found. Comparison of the conserved regions of the three protein sequences indicated a domain that may be an active site of the enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00150.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcription of rhiA, a gene on a Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae Sym plasmid, requires rhiR and is repressed by flavanoids that induce nod genes (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae specifically make an abundant protein (Rhi) in free-living culture but not in bacteroids. Genes needed for Rhi synthesis are on a Sym plasmid and here we show that one of these genes, rhiA, is the structural gene that specifies this polypeptide. Transcription of rhiA requires a regulatory gene, rhiR, located close to rhiA and to nod genes involved in nodulation. Mutations in rhiA or rhiR do not appear to affect symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Transcription of rhiA is repressed in cells grown in the presence of the flavanone hesperetin or the flavone apigenin, both of which are potent inducers of transcription of nod genes. This was deduced from the use of rhiA-lacZ fusions; however, when the Rhi polypeptide was detected in SDS gels, there was no apparent difference in the intensity of its staining in extracts obtained from cells grown with or without these flavanoid nod gene inducer molecules. However, a mutation in a nodulation gene, nolR, also closely linked to the nod and rhi genes, caused a severe depression in the amount of Rhi (as seen on gels) that was made in cells grown in the presence of inducer flavanoids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00107.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhizobium leguminosarum has two glucosamine syntheses, GImS and NodM, required for nodulation and development of nitrogen-fixing nodules (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 6 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The Rhizobium leguminosarum nodM gene product shows strong homology to the Escherichia coli gImS gene product that catalyses the formation of glucosamine 6-P from fructose 6-P and glutamine. DNA hybridization with nodM indicated that, in addition to nodM on the symbiotic plasmid, another homologous gene was present elsewhere in the R. leguminosarum genome. A glucosamine-requiring mutant was isolated and its auxotrophy could be corrected by two different genetic loci. It could grow without glucosamine when the nodM gene on the symbiotic plasmid was induced or if the cloned nodM gene was expressed from a vector promoter. Alternatively, it could be complemented by a second fragment of R. leguminosarum DNA that carries a region homologous to E. coli gImS. Biochemical assays of glucosamine 6-P formation confirmed that the two R. leguminosarum genes nodM and gimS have interchangeable functions. No nodulation of peas or vetch was observed with a double nodM gImS mutant, and this block occurred at a very early stage since no root-hair deformation or infection threads were seen. Nodulation and root-hair deformation did occur with either the nodM or the gImS mutant, showing that the gene products of either of these genes can be involved in the formation of the lipo-oligosaccharide nodulation signal. However, the gImS mutant formed nodules that had greatly reduced nitrogen fixation. Constitutive expression of nodM restored nitrogen fixation to the gImS mutant. Therefore the reduced nitrogen fixation probably occurs because gImS is absent and nodM is not normally expressed in nodules and, in the absence of glucosamine precursors, normal bacteroid maturation is blocked.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01535.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance to nodulation of cv. Afghanistan peas is overcome by nodX, which mediates an O-acetylation of the Rhizobium leguminosarum lipo-oligosaccharide nodulation factor (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 10 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Only some strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae can efficiently nodulate varieties of peas such as cv. Afghanistan, which carry a recessive allele that blocks efficient nodulation by most western isolates of R. I. viciae. One strain (TOM) which can nodulate cv. Afghanistan peas has a gene (nodX) that is required to overcome the nodulation resistance. Strain TOM makes significantly lower amounts of lipo-oligosaccharide nodulation factors than other strains of R. I. viciae. and this effect appears to be due to lower levels of nod gene induction. These nodulation factors are similar to those from other R. I. viciae. strains in that they consist of an oligomer of four or five β1-4-linked N-acetylglucosamine residues in which the terminal non-reducing glucosamine carries an O-acetyl group and a C18:4 or C18:1N-acyl group. However, one of the nodulation factors made by strain TOM differs from the factors made by other strains of R. I. viciae. in that it carries an O-acetyl group on the C-6 of the reducing N-acetylglucosamine residue. This acetylation is NodX-dependent and the pentameric nodulation factor is acetylated on the reducing N-acetylglucosamine residue whereas the tetrameric nodulation factor is not. Although the nodL gene product is also an O-acetyl transferase (it O-acetylates the C-6 of the terminal non-reducing glucosamine), there is very little similarity between the amino acid sequences of these two acetyl transferases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01961.x
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