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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Psychophysiology 7 (1989), S. 175-176 
    ISSN: 0167-8760
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 10 (1996), S. 804-808 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Triangle paralaxis — Camera control — Teleoperating — Operative endoscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The triangle paralaxis method for camera control in teleoperating is presented. Methods: For orientation in the 3D space of the corporic cavity there are three points necessary for the creation of the paralaxis triangle. This triangle is then imagined and compared with topography during surgery. The first and second points are created in one's mind at the locus of the entry of the instruments into the viewing field of the camera. The third apex of the triangle is the area of dissection—the point in which the instruments converge. The fourth point to be viewed determines the course of dissection. Triangle paralaxis may be applied in dissection with only one instrument as well as in the zooming technique, closely viewing a part of the dissecting instrument. Results: Using this technique a 7.78% rate of conversion and 2.15% rate of reoperation could be achieved in 334 evaluated laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed in a small public hospital. Conclusions: Triangle paralaxis seems to be a simple method for ensuring an optimal camera view during laparoscopic surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 12 (1998), S. 1013-1016 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Organ luminosity — Hyperillumination – Surgical robotic systems — Camera control — Teleoperating — Operative endoscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Luminosity and brightness of the organs viewed on the screen are important for orientation during teleoperating. They can impair the precision of our orientation ability. Methods: The way in which organs scatter light during laparoscopic operation was detected and analyzed by means of reflection spectrophotometry with the Photoshop program package (ADOBE). The arithmetical skill was measured during different illumination conditions of the screen created randomly, using values of the liver, gallbladder, and omental fat. Results: Separate human tissues and organs could be divided on the basis of their luminosity into three basic groups: the luminous tissues such as fat, the stomach, and the bowel; medium-luminous organs such as diaphragm and gallbladder; and dark, mostly parenchymatous organs such as the liver and the spleen. The most luminous tissue illuminated the screen intensely. In experiments the hyperillumination impaired arithmetical skills of 15 volunteers. The errors appeared constantly and the time needed to count the generated points was significantly longer when 40% of intensively illuminated view was exceeded. Conclusions: A situation may occur wherein the imaging system lacks the capacity to transmit needed optical information. Intense brightness of the screen may suppress surgical skills during teleoperating. Critical limit was achieved in our experiment with 40% of the view illuminated by omentum fat. This limit can be important for robotic surgical systems such as automated robotic camera control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 10 (1996), S. 804-808 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Triangle paralaxis ; Camera control ; Teleoperating ; Operative endoscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The triangle paralaxis method for camera control in teleoperating is presented. Methods: For orientation in the 3D space of the corporic cavity there are three points necessary for the creation of the paralaxis triangle. This triangle is then imagined and compared with topography during surgery. The first and second points are created in one's mind at the locus of the entry of the instruments into the viewing field of the camera. The third apex of the triangle is the area of dissection—the point in which the instruments converge. The fourth point to be viewed determines the course of dissection. Triangle paralaxis may be applied in dissection with only one instrument as well as in the zooming technique, closely viewing a part of the dissecting instrument. Results: Using this technique a 7.78% rate of conversion and 2.15% rate of reoperation could be achieved in 334 evaluated laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed in a small public hospital. Conclusions: Triangle paralaxis seems to be a simple method for ensuring an optimal camera view during laparoscopic surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 375 (1990), S. 205-207 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Proximal selective vagotomy ; Metabolism of the gastric wall ; 31P-NMR spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Experiment wurde der Einfluß der SPV auf den Phosphatmetabolismus der Magenwand bei Ratten mittels 31P-NMR Spektroskopie untersucht. Die SPV bewirkt unmittelbar nach der Operation eine Destruktion des Stoffwechsels der Magenwandzellen. Vier Tage nch der SPV kommt es zur Regeneration des Metabolismus. Eine Woche nach der Operation ist die funktionelle Zellregeneration abgeschlossen, der Stoffwechsel aber verlangsamt. Dies hat eine reduzierte Produktion von S`aure und Schutzfaktoren der Magenschleimhaut zur Folge. Experimentelle Läasionen der Magenschleimhaut durch Phenylbutazon bewirken ebenso eine Zerstörung des Stoffwechsels der Magenwandzellen bis zum kompletten Zelluntergang.
    Notes: Summary The phosphate metabolism of the gastric wall after proximal selective vagotomy (PSV) was investigated by means of 31P-NMR spectroscopy. The destruction of metabolism has been found just after PSV resulting in a significant decrease of adenosine diphosphates and adenosine triphosphates. 4 and 7 days after PSV the progress of metabolism regeneration was detected, nevertheless with the retardation of high energy phosphates ischemic degradation. The results indicate not only a hydrochloric acid activity reduction but diminution of gastric mucosa protective factors, too. In experimental gastric ulcers no energy phosphates have been found suggesting a mucosa cells necrobiosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 375 (1990), S. 259-265 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Islets of Langerhans transplantation ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Grenzen und Möglichkeiten der Transplantation von Langerhans-Inseln wurden am Schwein erprobt. Nach totaler Pankreatektomie wurden durch intraduktale Kollagenaseandauung zwischen 6mal 104 and 3mal 106 Inseln and inseltragende Fragmente pro Pankreas gewonnen. Nach Injektion des Transplantates in die Milz oder wahlweise in die Leber konnte bei den Tieren ein normoglykämischer Zustand mit normalen intravenösen Glukosetoleranztesten und ein Überleben bis zu 1 Jahr erreicht werden. Apankreatische Kontrollen verstarben im diabetischen Koma 10–12 Tage postoperativ. Eine gute Korrelation zwischen der Anzahl transplantierter Inseln und Normoglykämie nach Transplantation konnte demonstriert werden. Darüber hinaus war die synchrone In-vitro-Stimulation der Inseln mit Glukose und die daraus resultierende Inselsekretion ein wichtiger Indikator für die funktionelle Integrität der Inseln nach der Transplantation. Das Schwein bietet somit auch aufgrund der dem Menschen sehr ähnlichen immunologischen, physiologischen und anatomischen Eigenschaften bezüglich des Pankreas und der Ernährung ein gutes Modell zur weiteren präklinischen Erforschung der Inseltransplantation als Therapie des Diabetes mellitus.
    Notes: Summary Limits and possibilities of the transplantation of islets of Langerhans in pigs were studied. 6 × 104 to 3 × 106 islets and insulin producing fragments per pancreas were obtained by intraductal collagenase digestion of the pancreatic gland following total pancreatectomy. Islets grafted into the spleen or liver rendered normoglycemia to the pancreatectomized animals as demonstrated by normal fasting blood sugars and normal intravenous glucose tolerance tests as compared to not operated animals permitting a survival time of up to one year. Apancreatic controls died of ketoacidosis and diabetic coma 10 to 12 days posttransplant. The number of isolated and transplanted islets correlated well to the normoglycemic state of the animal. Beyond that the in vitro challenge of the islets with glucose and resulting insulin secretion was a very important indicator for the functional status and integrity of the islets after transplantation. Thus the pig appears to be a suitable model for the preclinical studying of islet transplantation especially since immunologic, physiologic and anatomic features of the pig are similar to those in the human regarding pancreas and nutrition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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