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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 94 (1991), S. 3722-3729 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using the complete active space multiconfiguration self-consistent field (CAS-MCSCF) followed by full second-order configuration interaction (SOCI) calculations, 16 electronic states of LaH+ and 8 electronic states of LaH+2 are investigated. The potential energy surface of these electronic states of LaH+2 and LaH+ are computed. These calculations show that the 3F(5d2) ground state of La+ ion forms a weak complex with H2. The La+(1D) excited state inserts into H2 with a small barrier (〈8 kcal/mol) to form the 1A1 ground state of LaH+2 (re=2.057 A(ring), θe=106°). At the SOCI level of theory LaH+2 is found to be 11 kcal/mol more stable than La+(3F)+H2. Our calculations explain the experimental observations on La++H2→LaH++H reaction. The adiabatic ionization potential (IP) of LaH2 and LaH are calculated as 5.23 and 5.33 eV, respectively. The ground state of LaH+ was found to be a 2Δ state. We compute De(LaH+) and De(HLa–H+) as 2.54 eV in excellent agreement with the experimental De(LaH+)=2.57 eV measured by Armentrout and co-workers. The spin–orbit effects of LaH+ were also studied using the relativistic configuration interaction (RCI) method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 6671-6675 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Complete active-space multiconfiguration self–consistent field followed by multireference configuration-interaction calculations are carried out on low-lying electronic states of YNH and NYH. We find the X 2Σ+ linear state of Y–N–H to be 55 kcal/mol more stable than the bent NYH and 59 kcal/mol more stable than the linear N–Y–H. Our calculations confirm the recent assignment of the first observed spectra generated by laser vaporization of Y metal + He/NH3. The theoretical dipole moment of the Y–N–H molecule (3.06 D) is in excellent agreement with an experimental value of 3.06 D obtained by Simard et al. The theoretical Y–N and N–H bond lengths are also in good agreement with the experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 625-632 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Complete active space multiconfiguration self-consistent-field (CASSCF) followed by multireference singles plus doubles configuration-interaction (MRSDCI) calculations which include 27 active electrons are carried out on eight low-lying electronic states of Rh3. The MRSDCI calculations included up to 2.3 million configurations. The spin-orbit effects are included by using the relativistic configuration-interaction (RCI) method. All the low-lying states considered here lie within 0.20 eV. All the doublet states are Jahn–Teller components of the doubly degenerate 2E' and 2E‘ states in equilateral triangular geometry (D3h), while the quartet states arise from the Jahn–Teller components of 4E' and 4E‘ states. The splittings between the two Jahn–Teller components of both the 2E' and 2E‘ states, which yield barriers to pseudorotation, are 3.9 kcal/mol. The lowest-lying 2A2 and 2A1 states are separated only by 0.03 eV. Thus, low-lying electronic states of Rh3 are best described using a dynamic Jahn–Teller model. The Mulliken population analyses of the MRSDCI natural orbitals reveal the larger s population of the apex atom of the isosceles triangle in comparison to the base atoms. The base atoms have larger d populations for all electronic states. The present calculations also reveal a considerable mixing among the 4d85s1, 4d9, and 4d85p1 configurations of the rhodium atom. The atomization energy of Rh3 is calculated as 188 kcal/mol. The trimer (Rh3) is predicted to be considerably more stable than the dimer (Rh2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 6697-6709 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Geometries, potential-energy surfaces (PES), and some one-electron properties of 12 electronic states of two second row transition metal dihydride ions, namely, TcH+2 and RuH+2 are calculated using complete active space multiconfiguration self-consistent field (MCSCF) followed by multireference single- and double-excitation configuration interaction (MRSDCI) methods. The ground-state Tc+ (a7S, d5s1) ion does not insert into H2. The 5B2 ground state of TcH+2 with geometry re=1.59 A(ring), θe=49.5° is formed by the spontaneous insertion of Tc+(a5D, 4d6) into H2. The quartet-state Ru+ (a4F) ion arising from the 4d7 configuration inserts spontaneously into H2 to form the ground state (4A2) of RuH+2 with re=1.678 A(ring) and θe=29.2°. RuH+2 in the ground state is better described as a complex of Ru+ (a4F) with H2. The energies of formation of the ground states of TcH+2 and RuH+2 from their dissociated counterparts are calculated as 22.4 and 21.2 kcal/mol, respectively. All the sextet-state PES's of RuH+2 and some of the quintet-state surfaces (namely, 5A1, 5A2, and 5B1 ) of TcH+2 contain large barriers for insertion. The high-spin linear stationary states of both TcH+2 and RuH+2 are more stable than the low-spin linear states. The polarity of the metal–H bond in the ground state of TcH+2 is found to be opposite to that in RuH+2. The adiabatic ionization potentials of TcH2 and RuH2 are calculated as 7.41 and 6.63 eV, respectively, at the MRSDCI level of theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 2433-2442 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electronic structures, potential energy surfaces, and one-electron properties of 16 electronic states of two transition metal dihydride ions YH+2 and ZrH+2 are calculated using the complete active space multiconfiguration self-consistent field (MCSCF) followed by a full second-order configuration interaction (SOCI) method. The MCSCF/SOCI method yields 1A1 as the ground state for YH+2 with re=1.833 A(ring) and θe=116° and a 2A1 ground state for ZrH+2 with re=1.75 A(ring) and θe=113.5°. The SOCI atomization energy [YH+2(1A1) →Y+(1S)+2H] is calculated to be 5.22 eV in good agreement with an experimental value of 5.52 eV at 298 K for this process. The De(Y+–H) for YH+ is calculated to be 58.9 kcal/mol in excellent agreement with an experimental value of 58±3 kcal/mol. The first adiabatic ionization potentials of YH2 and ZrH2 are calculated as 6.18 and 6.95 eV, respectively. The excited Zr+(2D) ion inserts spontaneously into H2 leading to the bent ground state of ZrH+2, while the ground state of Zr+ does not insert into H2. The 1S0 ground state of Y+ has to surmount a small barrier of about 10 kcal/mol for insertion into H2. The addition of f type diffuse functions does not change the geometrical parameters much.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 5883-5889 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Complete active space MCSCF (multiconfiguration self-consistent field) (CASSCF) followed by second-order configuration interaction (SOCI) and multireference singles and doubles CI (MRSDCI) are carried out on the ground states of GeHn and GeH+n (n=1–4). The equilibrium geometries of these species, adiabatic ionization potentials, and stepwise bond energies [De(Hn−1Ge–H) and De(Hn−1Ge+–H)] are calculated. The ground sate of GeH+4 is a Jahn–Teller distorted 2A1(C2v) state with a GeH+2⋅H2 complex structure. The adiabatic ionization potentials (IPS) of GeHn exhibit even–odd alternation. GeH4 is the most stable among the neutral GeHn species while GeH+3 is the most stable of the GeH+n.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 94 (1991), S. 6620-6631 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Complete active space self-consistent field calculations (CASSCF) are carried out on the potential energy curves of three electronic states (2B2, 2A1, and 2B1) of InSb2 and GaAs2, the 1A1 state of InSb+2, seven electronic states of SbIn2, and six electronic states of SbIn+2. In addition, permutational isomers of AsGa2, GaAs2, and InSb2 are investigated. We use multireference singles+doubles CI calculations to optimize the equilibrium geometries and to compute the dissociation energies of all these species. The ground states of InSb2 and SbIn2 were found to be of 2B2 and 2B1 symmetries, respectively, with isosceles triangular geometries. The linear permutational isomer, In–Sb–Sb was found to be 16 kcal/mol above the bent isosceles triangular structure. We find that AsGa2 and GaAs2 also to have permutational isomers ∼16 kcal/mol above the bent (C2v) structures. However, the linear permutational isomers convert to the more stable bent isosceles triangular forms without barriers. The ground states of InSb+2 and SbIn+2 were found to be 1A1 with isosceles triangular geometry and 3Σ−g with linear geometry, respectively. The atomization energies and ionization potential of InSb2 are computed as 4.42 and 5.83 eV, respectively, while the corresponding values for SbIn2 are 2.73 and 5.65 eV, respectively. The atomization energy of AsGa2 is 3.7 eV. The ground state InSb2 (GaAs2) exhibits enhanced Sb–Sb (As–As) bonding, while the ground state of SbIn2 (AsGa2) exhibits enhanced In–Sb (Ga–As) bonding and nonbonding interactions between In (Ga). Our theoretical calculations of mixed III–V trimers explain the experimental relative abundance of trimers and odd–even alternation in the IPs observed by O'Brien et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 84, 4074 (1986)] for GaxAsy (x+y=3).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 6254-6267 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electronic structures, potential energy surfaces (PES), and some one-electron properties of 12 electronic states of the NbH+2 and MoH+2 ions are studied using the complete active space MCSCF (CASSCF) followed by multireference singles plus doubles configuration interaction (MRSDCI) calculations. The 3B2 ground state of NbH+2 (re =1.687 A(ring), θe =105.2°) is formed by the spontaneous insertion of Nb+(a3F, 4d35s1) into H2 while the lowest a 5F(4d35s1) state of the Nb+ ion has to surmount a barrier to 56 kcal/mol to insert into H2. The ground state (4B2) potential energy curve of MoH+2 contains two minima with geometries: re =1.637 A(ring), θe =37° and re =1.626 A(ring), θe =115.7°. The a4G state of Mo+ inserts spontaneously into H2 to form the 4B2 state of MoH+2, while the ground state (a 6S, 4d5) of the Mo+ ion has to overcome a barrier of 74 kcal/mol to form the linear 6Πu state of the MoH+2 ion. In the collinear mode of interaction, the ground state of Mo+ forms a van der Waals complex which is only 1.2 kcal/mol more stable than Mo++H2. In general, all the low-lying states of NbH+2 and MoH+2 are formed from the excited low-spin states of the metal ions. The PES of NbH+2 were found to be similar to the neutral surfaces confirming Smalley and coworkers experimental findings. The addition of f-type diffuse functions does not alter the geometries much. The vertical ionization potentials of NbH2 and MoH2 are calculated as 7.57 and 8.04 eV, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 116 (2002), S. 608-616 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electronic structure of the lead monofluoride molecule is studied by means of ab initio configuration interaction (CI) calculations including the spin-orbit interaction. Potential-energy curves are generated for a large number of electronic states, of which only the X1 2Π1/2 ground and X2 2Π3/2 and A 2Σ+ excited states have been observed experimentally. Two different methods are compared for the inclusion of spin-orbit effects in the theoretical treatment, a contracted CI which employs a basis of large-scale Λ–S eigenfunctions to form a rather small matrix representation of the full relativistic Hamiltonian (two-step approach), and a more computationally laborious technique which involves solution of a secular equation of order 250 000 S2 eigenfunctions of different spin and spatial symmetry to achieve a potentially more evenly balanced description of both relativistic and electron correlation effects (one-step approach). In the present application, it is found that both methods achieve quite good agreement with measured spectroscopic constants for the X1, X2, and A states. The simpler of these methods is also employed to predict the radiative lifetimes of the latter two states. The key A 2Σ+–X 2Π transition moment in these calculations is found to vary strongly with internuclear distance and to vanish in the neighborhood of the respective equilibrium distances of both participating states. The computed lifetime for the A, v′=0 state of 16 μs overestimates the corresponding measured value by a factor of three, but those of higher vibrational states are found to decrease rather sharply with increasing v′, suggesting that only a slight displacement of the theoretical A–X transition moment curve is needed to explain the above discrepancy. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 4518-4530 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Relativistic effective core potentials have been employed in the framework of a spin–orbit configuration interaction treatment to compute potential curves, spectroscopic constants, and transition probabilities between pairs of vibrational states of the Bi2 molecule. The calculations find a steady increase in bond length for the lowest four states as a result of successive π→π* excitations en route from the X0+g ground state to the doubly excited 5Σ+g0+g, in good agreement with measured data. The corresponding 1g state with a Te value near 12 000 cm−1 has not yet been located experimentally. The next most stable λ–s state is found to be 3Δu, with Ω components increasing in energy in the order, 2u〈3u〈1u, of which only the latter has electric dipole-allowed transitions to X0+g. It is argued that the 1u species should be identified with the observed b state instead of the 3u component, especially since its calculated energy splitting relative to a2u is in much better agreement with the observed b−a separation than is the 3u−2u value. The radiative lifetime of the A0+u state is calculated to be 72 μs, whose result indicates that a previous experimental determination of this quantity in the presence of argon vapor needs to be reevaluated. In general it appears that the present computed Te values are accurate to within 500–1500 cm−1 of corresponding observed results, and that bond lengths are overestimated by 0.1 A(ring) because of both deficiencies in the RECP employed as well as the failure to include the bismuth 5d electrons in the CI active space. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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