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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of scientific computing 2 (1987), S. 297-343 
    ISSN: 1573-7691
    Keywords: Czochralski crystal growth ; finite element method ; thermal-capillary model ; moving-boundary problem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Numerical methods are presented for solution of the complex moving-boundary problem described by a thermal-capillary model for Czochralski crystal growth, which accounts for conduction through melt, crystal, and crucible and radiation between diffuse-gray body surfaces. Transients are included that are caused by energy transport, by changes in the shapes of the melt-crystal, melt-ambient phase boundaries and the moving crystal, and by the batchwise decrease of the melt volume in the crucible. Finite-element discretizations are used to approximate the moving boundaries and the energy equation in each phase. A two-level, implicit integration algorithm is presented for transient calculations. The temperature fields and moving boundaries are advanced in time by a trapezoid rule approximation with modified Newton's iterations to solve algebraic systems for effective ambient temperatures computed with diffuse-gray radiation. The implicit coupling between radiative exchange, interface shapes, and the temperature field is necessary for preserving the second-order accuracy of the integration method and is achieved by successive iterations between the radiation calculation and solution of the thermal capillary model. Analysis of a quasi-steady-state model (QSSM) demonstrates the inherent stability of the CZ process. Including either diffuse-gray radiation among crystal, melt, and crucible or a simple controller for maintaining constant radius can lead to oscillations in the crystal radius. The effects of these oscillations on batchwise crystal growth are addressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 1268-1272 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 18 (1994), S. 1185-1209 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Two approaches which employ the finite element method to solve for large-scale, coupled, incompressible flows through adjacent porous and open domains are developed and evaluated in a model for the spontaneous ignition of coal stockpiles. Both formulations employ the Navier-Stokes equations do describe flow in the open region; two different descriptions, Darcy's law and the Brinkman equation, are employed to model flows within the porous region. The formulation which uses Darcy's law employs the Beavers-Joseph slip condition and a novel implementation of the interfacial conditions. The other approach invokes the Brinkman equation: this considerably simplifies the implementation of matching conditions at the interface between the porous and open fluid domains, but also results in velocity boundary layers in the porous region adjacent to this interface which can be difficult to resolve numerically. A direct comparison of model results shows that the Darcy-slip formulation produces solutions which are more accurate and more economical to compute than those obtained using the Brinkman formulation.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 453-492 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Czochralski crystal growth ; Finite element method ; Free boundary problem ; Incompressible fluid flow ; Heat transfer ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A finite element algorithm is presented for simultaneous calculation of the steady state, axisymmetric flows and the crystal, melt/crystal and melt/ambient interface shapes in the Czochralski technique for crystal growth from the melt. The analysis is based on mixed Lagrangian finite element approximations to the velocity, temperature and pressure fields and isoparametric approximations to the interface shape. Galerkin's method is used to reduce the problem to a non-linear algebraic set, which is solved by Newton's method. Sample solutions are reported for the thermophysical properties appropriate for silicon, a low-Prandtl-number semiconductor, and for GGG, a high-Prandtl-number oxide material. The algorithm is capable of computing solutions for both materials at realistic values of the Grashof number, and the calculations are convergent with mesh refinement. Flow transitions and interface shapes are calculated as a function of increasing flow intensity and compared for the two material systems. The flow pattern near the melt/gas/crystal tri-junction has the asymptotic form predicted by an inertialess analysis assuming the meniscus and solidification interfaces are fixed.
    Additional Material: 27 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1996), S. 43-50 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: view factor ; radiation ; parallel computation ; heat transfer ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Two implementations for parallel computation of radiation heat transfer view factors are formulated and tested for a model problem. Using a sufficiently large number of processors and a suitable communications paradigm, the solution time for the problem considered here scales linearly with the number of surface elements in the parallel implementation rather than the quadratic scaling obtained using a serial approach. For larger problems, significantly shorter solution times are obtained using the massively parallel Connection Machine 5 than those obtained on a single processor of the Cray C-90, a traditional vector supercomputer. Parallel performance was degraded for implementations using too few processors or data layouts leading to inefficient processor communication.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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