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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Normal and pseudorabies virus infected primary nerve cell cultures in scanning electron microscopy (1979)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 167 (1979), S. 117-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Primary cell cultures from the central nervous system of the embryonic rat were inoculated with pseudorabies virus. Their morphological changes were studied by phase contrast microscopy and by scanning as well as by transmission electron microscopy. Uninfected cultures display two distinct cell layers in scanning electron microscopy: a flat continuous monolayer supports a heterogeneous population of individual, presumably neural cells, which emit processes of different number and size. The latter cells form contacts by a dense network of fibres. Infectious virus is propagated in these nerve cell cultures with similar effectivity as in other cultures. The infection leads to fusion and death of the cells. By the time the cytopathic effect is visible, nearly all cells, including those of neuronal and those of nonneuronal appearance, are studded with ample amounts of virus-sized particles. The particles represent viruses as demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy or by treatment with a hyperimmune serum directed against pseudorabies virus structural components. Hyperimmune serum leads to clustering of the particles at the cell surface. The amount of virus particles per surface unit was about 10 times higher on neural cells as compared to primary rabbit kidney cells. The concentration of infectious particles in the supernatant, however was approximately the same. The system described appears to be useful for the study of acute virus effects on neural tissue under strictly controlled conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02123561
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological and electrophysiological aspects of dissociated cultures of rat CNS (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 54 (1983), S. 343-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Cells cultured ; Neurones ; Neuroglia ; Scanning ; Electromicroscopy ; Electrophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rat central nervous system has been cultured up to 6 weeks after complete dissociation. Maturation of different cell types has been followed in the quasi monolayer by phase contrast microscopy. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurones usually differed from central nervous system (CNS) neurones by their spherical shape accompanied by only one or two processes, exact identification of cell types, however, was usually only possible by combining morphology with electrophysiology. Scanning electron-microscopy revealed a more extensive arborization of neurites and a higher number of presumed synaptic structures in cultures after 2 weeks of culturing. Layers of ependymal cells were also found. The different cell types were further identified by determining their membrane properties. Glial cells had higher resting membrane potentials (−56±9.7 mV) than CNS neurones (−49±10.2 mV), while the membrane potential of DRG neurones lay inbetween the two (−53±1.7 mV). The sequence for input resistance was: DRG neurones (30±9.3 MΩ) 〉 CNS neurones (18±10.5 MΩ) 〉 glial cells (9.3±5.2 MΩ). In CNS neurones the input resistance is correlated with the membrane potential, which is not the case for glial cells. Action potentials of DRG neurones exhibited delayed repolarisation increasing the spike duration to three times that of CNS neurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01234487
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rat nerve cell cultures in pharmacology and toxicology (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 44 (1980), S. 55-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Neurons ; Tissue culture ; Acetylcholine ; Electrophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A tissue culture system of the rat embryonic central nervous system is described which allows morphological, biochemical, and electrophysiological approaches. Examples for each of the mentioned methods are given. Developmental features of these cultures are described as they appear in the phase contrast microscope over a period of 4 weeks. Further details are shown by a scanning electron microscopic photograph. Tetanus toxin induced changes in acetylcholine synthesis and release serve to demonstrate the usefulness of the model system for biochemical approaches. Intracellular recordings of neurons reveal synaptic potentials as well as spontaneously fired action potentials. Thus an ample use of rat central nervous system cultures in pharmacology and toxicology should provide completely new insights into the action of drugs and toxins at the cellular and molecular level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303183
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influences of trospium chloride and oxybutynin on quantitative EEG in healthy volunteers (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 47 (1994), S. 337-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Trospium chloride ; Oxybutynin ; antimuscarinergic drug ; quantitative EEG ; heart rate ; CNS-adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Trospium chloride and oxybutynin are two antimuscarinergic agents used in the treatment of unstable bladder, urge incontinence, combined stress urge incontinence and detrusor hyperreflexia. The possibility that these two drugs produce changes in central nervous electrical activity was examined in an open, prospective, phase I study involving 12 volunteers. Quantitative evaluation of the multichannel electroencephalogram obtained from young healthy volunteers showed statistically significant decreases in alpha and beta1 activity after oxybutynin, but not after intravenous or oral administration of trospium chloride. The biological activity of both drugs was ascertained by continuous simultaneous recording of the heart rate. A decrease in heart rate was detected after oral administration of oxybutynin, and an increase was seen after i.v. administration of trospium chloride. The results suggest that trospium chloride is less likely to produce central nervous adverse effects than to oxybutynin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191165
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    B Vitamin Induced Effects on Noradrenergic and Serotonergic Controlled Neuronal Activity in the Rat Brain (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 585 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb28081.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer aided topological electroencephalometry and BPRS correlation of schizophrenics under Haldol-Decanoate(R) treatment
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Schizophrenia Research 9 (1993), S. 249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0920-9964
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0920-9964(93)90564-Y
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    KINETICS OF [3H]ACETYLCHOLINE SYNTHESIS AND RELEASE IN PRIMARY CELL CULTURES FROM MAMMALIAN CNS (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 30 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The present study was undertaken to characterize the cholinergic system of primary cell cultures of mouse and rat CNS.In confirmation of previous reports, primary cultures were found to contain choline acetyltransferase (ChAc). Furthermore they contain acetylcholine (ACh) as measured by two different bioassays. They also synthesize [3H]ACh from [3H]Choline offered to the cultures.The formation of [3H]ACh is inhibited in the presence of hemicholinium-3 (10−6m) to 50% or ouabain (10−3m) to 20% of the values found in untreated cultures. Omission of Na + from the incubation solution also diminishes the [3H]ACh formation of the cells.[3H]ACh is released upon depolarisation by K+ ions in a concentration dependent manner. The release can be prevented by lack of Ca2+ ions in the incubation solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1978.tb10796.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BINDING CHARACTERISTICS OF 125I-LABELLED TETANUS TOXIN TO PRIMARY TISSUE CULTURES FROM MOUSE EMBRYONIC CNS (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 29 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The interaction of 125I-labelled tetanus toxin with cells in tissue cultures derived from embryonic CNS has been studied.The optimum toxin binding occurs about 2–3 weeks after transfer of the cells to culture conditions. The amount of label bound per culture was doubled at this time in comparison to the fourth day nfter inoculation.The amount of toxin bound depends on the concentration applied. It reaches its maximum 8 h after application then decreases slowly. Low amounts of radioactivity were still detectable 97 h after washing off the unbound toxin. Up to 80% of the label can be replaced by simultaneous application of‘cold’toxin. Fixation of the toxin is higher at 4°C than at 37°C.Preincubation of the cultures with neuraminidase prevents about 75% of the binding. The presence of cytochalasin B leads to a small but reproducible decrease of binding, whereas colchicine had no measurable effect.The radioactive (1251) material was identified by a double-isotope technique in disc gel electrophoresis before and after reductive cleavage of its disulphide bonds. In every test is was indistinguishable from 131I-labelled toxin added as standard.Our results largely parallel those obtained with synaptosomes and other systems. They suggest that gangliosides might be the acceptor molecules, and that the culture system will be suitable for studying the actions of this toxin in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb06516.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GANGLIOSIDES IN NERVOUS TISSUE CULTURES AND BINDING OF 125I-LABELLED TETANUS TOXIN, A NEURONAL MARKER (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 29 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— —Continuous cell lines, primary cell cultures derived from embryonic CNS, and homogenates made from adult and embryonic CNS were compared with respect to their lipid pattern and their ability to bind 125I-labelled tetanus toxin. In parallel experiments de novo synthesis of gangliosides in the cell lines was studied, using [14C]glucosamine as precursor. Of the total lipid only gangliosides were specifically labelled by [14C]glucosamine. The patterns of the de novo synthesized gangliosides corresponded to those present in the respective cells.Pronounced binding of 125I-labelled toxin was only detectable in tissues containing long-chain gangliosides (ganglioside C which represents GDIb and GTI).Accordingly, hybrid (neuroblastoma x glioma) cells, due to their lack of long-chain gangliosides, bound just-discernible amounts of labelled toxin. When previously exposed to gangliosides, their binding of tetanus toxin tremendously increased.It was concluded that only the long-chain gangliosides in the neuronal cells are functionally involved in the binding of the tetanus toxin and that these acceptors of tetanus toxin can be transplanted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb09626.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of exogeneous gangliosides on tumor-cells
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Thermal Biology 8 (1983), S. 467-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-4565
    Keywords: Mammals ; cell-culture ; gangliosides ; rat ; synaptic potentials ; tumor-cells
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0306-4565(83)90058-X
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