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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Release of N-Acetylaspartylglutamate from Slices of Rat Cerebellum, Striatum, and Spinal Cord, and the Effect of Climbing Fiber Deprivation (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 63 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The release of endogenous N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) from slices of rat cerebellum, striatum, and spinal cord upon depolarization with 50 mM K+ was investigated. NAAG in superfusates was prepurified using an ion exchanger, esterified, and then quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Deuterated NAAG was used as internal standard. A depolarization-induced release of NAAG was found in all three regions. The release was Ca2+ dependent to over 85% in cerebellum and striatum, but only to approximately 70% in spinal cord. In addition, the effect of lesions of the olivocerebellar pathway on the K+-induced release of NAAG was studied: Treatment of the animals with 3-acetylpyridine reduced the release of NAAG from cerebellar hemispheres significantly, by about 40% compared with controls. These results suggest that part of the NAAG released from cerebellar slices on depolarization is related to climbing fibers. Implications of these findings concerning possible physiological roles of NAAG in the three CNS regions are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.63031133.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Climbing Fiber Deprivation on Release of Endogenous Aspartate, Glutamate, and Homocysteate in Slices of Rat Cerebellar Hemispheres and Vermis (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 54 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Aspartate (Asp) and/or glutamate (Glu) have been proposed as putative excitatory transmitters released from synaptic terminals of the olivo-cerebellar climbing fiber afferents to the Purkinje cells. Investigations of the climbing fiber transmitter(s) separately for hemispheres and vermis were performed to examine whether the current controversy over the role of Asp as a neurotransmitter in the climbing fibers may be due to topographic differences. K+-induced Ca2+-dependent release of endogenous substances was investigated in slices of cerebellar hemisphere and vermis of control rats and those deprived of climbing fibers by 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP) treatment. A release of Asp and Glu, as well as a small but significant release of homocysteic acid (HCA) was confirmed in control rats. Climbing fiber deprivation by 3-AP treatment reduced the stimulated release of Asp by 48% in slices of cerebellar hemispheres, but not in vermis. Climbing fiber deprivation completely abolished the release of HCA in both hemispheres and vermis. The release of HCA, Asp, and Glu from slices of control and climbing fiber-deprived rats evoked by 50 mMK+ was 〉90% Ca2+-dependent. These results support the hypothesis that Asp is a transmitter candidate of the climbing fibers projecting to the cerebellar hemispheres, but not to the vermis, and provide the first evidence that HCA can be linked to a specific pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb01201.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    γ-Glutamylglutamine and Taurine Concentrations Are Decreased in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Drug-Naive Patients with Schizophrenic Disorders (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 65 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: HPLC and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of 18 amino acids, N-acetylaspartate, N-acetylaspartyglutamate, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, derived from serotonin, and homovanillic acid, derived from dopamine, were performed in CSF collected from a group of patients with schizophrenia who either had been drug free for at least 1 year (n = 5) or were drug naive for psychotropic drugs (n = 21) and in 15 control subjects. Significant differences were found only for taurine (15% lower in the patients) and isoleucine (7% higher). A number of unidentified substances were detected, one of which proved to be markedly reduced (16%) among the schizophrenic patients. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with continuous flow-fast atom bombardment interface allowed us to identify this substance as γ-glutamyglutamine. The decreased level of γ-glutamylglutamine may reflect a deficiency in the γ-glutamyltransferase system, a system probably involved in glutamate uptake, or a deficiency in glutamine, an important precursor of releasable glutamate. Although glutamate was nonsignificantly reduced in the patients, it was one of the five substances (including γ-glutamylglutamine) that were necessary for the best discrimination between the schizophrenic patients and the controls. These findings support the notion that the glutamatergic system is affected in schizophrenic disorders. In addition, they underscore the need to apply rigid bioanalytical techniques and use drug-naive patients to gain in-depth information on the pathophysiology of brain disorders such as schizophrenia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65062652.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Schizophrenia: glutathione deficit in cerebrospinal fluid and prefrontal cortex in vivo (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 12 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disease, which affects the centre of the personality, with severe problems of perception, cognition as well as affective and social behaviour. In cerebrospinal fluid of drug-free schizophrenic patients, a significant decrease in the level of total glutathione (GSH) by 27% (P 〈 0.05) was observed as compared to controls, in keeping with the reported reduced level of its metabolite γ-glutamylglutamine. With a new non-invasive proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy methodology, GSH level in medial prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic patients was found to be 52% (P = 0.0012) lower than in controls. GSH plays a fundamental role in protecting cells from damage by reactive oxygen species generated among others by the metabolism of dopamine. A deficit in GSH would lead to degenerative processes in the surrounding of dopaminergic terminals resulting in loss of connectivity. GSH also potentiates the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor response to glutamate, an effect presumably reduced by a GSH deficit, leading to a situation similar to the application of phencyclidine (PCP). Thus, a GSH hypothesis might integrate many established biological aspects of schizophrenia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00229.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel mode of nitric oxide neurotransmission mediated via S-nitroso-cysteinyl-glycine (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 12 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: S-nitroso-cysteinyl-glycine, a novel nitric oxide-adduct thiol compound, can be detected in the brain (2.3 ± 0.6 pmol/mg protein), and released following stimulation of sensory afferents to the rat ventrobasal thalamus in vivo (resting conditions 17 n m; stimulation: 186 n m). Iontophoretic application of CysNOGly (20–80 nA) onto thalamic neurons in vivo resulted in enhancements of excitatory responses to either NMDA or AMPA (182 ± 13.6% and 244 ± 27.8% of control values, n = 15). CysNOGly enhanced responses to stimulation of vibrissal afferents to 132 ± 2.2% (n = 7) of control values. In contrast, the dipeptide CysGly reduced responses of ventrobasal neurons to NMDA and AMPA (54 ± 8.4% and 55 ± 10.8% of control, n = 5). CysNOGly was also a potent activator of soluble guanylate cyclase in vitro. Moreover, we found that NMDA elevated CysNOGly levels in vitro and this stimulatory effect was reduced by inhibitors of the neuronal NO synthase and of the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, suggesting that production of NO and CysGly is a prelude to CysNOGly synthesis. These findings suggest that the nitrosothiol CysNOGly plays a role in synaptic transmission in the ventrobasal thalamus. We propose a novel synaptic buffering mechanism where S-nitroso-cysteinyl-glycine serves to restrict the locus of action of nitric oxide and so increase its local availability for target delivery. This could lead to a change in neuronal responses favouring sensory transmission similar to that seen in wakefulness or arousal in order to locally enhance transmission of persistent sensory stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00285.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and magnetic properties of epitaxial spinel ferrite thin films (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 714-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have grown epitaxial spinel ferrite thin films of (Mn,Zn) Fe2O4 and CoFe2O4 on (100) and (110) SrTiO3 and MgAl2O4 buffered by spinel structure buffer layers. High quality spinel ferrite films were grown at 400 °C on buffer layers that were grown at 600 °C and postannealed at 1000 °C. Although (Mn,Zn) Fe2O4 grown directly on SrTiO3 and MgAl2O4 shows mediocre structural and magnetic properties, ferrite films grown on (100) and (110) SrTiO3 and MgAl2O4 buffered with CoCr2O4 exhibit excellent crystallinity and bulk saturation magnetization values, thus indicating the importance of lattice match and structural similarity between the film and the immediately underlying layer. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116601
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deposition of in-plane textured MgO on amorphous Si3N4 substrates by ion-beam-assisted deposition and comparisons with ion-beam-assisted deposited yttria-stabilized-zirconia (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 2955-2957 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the growth of in-plane textured (100) MgO on amorphous Si3N4 substrates by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD). The textured MgO can be used as a structural template for subsequent epitaxial thin film deposition. The results are compared with IBAD of (100) and (111) yttria-stabilized-zirconia (YSZ). Based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and in situ reflection high energy-electron diffraction (RHEED), we find that MgO texturing is a nucleation-controlled process and the alignment is a function of nuclei size and density. This differs greatly from the evolutionary-type texturing process observed for IBAD (100) YSZ. Consequently, we are able to make 100 Å thick MgO films with 7° in-plane alignment, whereas IBAD (100) YSZ films need to be thicker than 5000 Å to achieve in-plane alignment better than 13°. This has important implications for the economical application of IBAD induced alignment in real manufacturing processes, including high Tc superconductor (i.e., YBCO) coated tapes, photovoltaics, magnetic thin films, and semiconductor devices. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120227
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface study of YBa2Cu3O7−δ epitaxial films cleaned by an atomic oxygen beam (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 2581-2583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An atomic oxygen beam generated by a microwave plasma source has been used to clean the surface of high-Tc superconducting a- and c-axis oriented YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) epitaxial thin films. The crystallinity and electronic structure of the cleaned films have been characterized in situ using reflection high energy electron diffraction, low energy electron diffraction (LEED), and ultraviolet and x-ray photoemission spectroscopies (UPS, XPS). Exposure of the surface at 350 °C to the atomic oxygen beam yields sharp LEED spots and a metallic feature at the Fermi level. For a-axis films, clear LEED patterns and a Fermi edge in UPS spectra of a recleaned surface are simultaneously observed. The contact resistance between a cleaned a-axis YBCO film and in situ deposited gold was found to be in the range of 10−10–10−9 Ω cm2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111532
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics and mechanism of the addition of methoxide ion to the π-hydrocarbon ligands in [HOs"3(η^2-CHCH"2)(CO)"1"0] and [CpFe(CO)"2(η^2-CH"2CH"2)]PF"6
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 390 (1990), S. 91-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-328X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-328X(90)85084-C
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tobacco mosaic virus-enkephalin conjugates: resistance against soluble proteases
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 136 (1981), S. 32-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(81)81208-2
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