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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 48 (1970), S. 503-504 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The activities of 8 key-enzymes (glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate-dehydrogenase, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, glycerol-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase) have been estimated in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of 27 patients with hyperlipemia of different origin. We found that the activities of glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase and hexokinase were diminished significantly, what means a lowered utilisation of glucose. From these results in connection with a diminished activity of glycerol-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase it can be concluded that lipogenesis in human adipose tissue is diminished at the same time.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im subcutanen Fettgewebe von 27 Patienten mit Hyperlipidämien verschiedener Genese wurden die Aktivitäten von 8 Schlüsselenzymen bestimmt (Glucose-6-Phosphat-Dehydrogenase, 6-Phosphogluconat-Dehydrogenase, Hexokinase, Phosphofructokinase, Pyruvatkinase, Glycerin-3-Phosphat-Dehydrogenase, Malatdehydrogenase, Glucophosphomutase). Dabei fand sich eine hochsignifikante Herabsetzung der Glucose-6-Phosphat-Dehydrogenase- und der Hexokinase-Aktivität, woraus auf eine verminderte Glucoseverwertung geschlossen werden kann. In Verbindung damit spricht die deutlich erniedrigte Aktivität der Glycerin-3-Phosphat-Dehydrogenase für eine gleichzeitig herabgesetzte Lipogenese im menschlichen Fettgewebe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 48 (1970), S. 224-227 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 13 key enzymes have been investigated in subcutaneous adipose tissue from patients without metabolic or malignant diseases. The enzymes were selected in regard to possible changes in different metabolic diseases. The results are compared to the literature and the differences are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im subcutanen Fettgewebe von 21 laparotomierten Stoffwechselgesunden und Nichtcarcinomkranken wurden 13 Schlüsselenzyme untersucht. Die Auswahl der Enzyme wurde im Hinblick auf mögliche Aktivitätsänderungen bei verschiedenen Krankheitsbildern getroffen. Die Ergebnisse werden mit den Angaben in der Literatur verglichen und die vorhandenen Unterschiede diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 49 (1971), S. 358-360 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im subcutanen Fettgewebe von Mensch und Schwein sowie im epididymalen Fettgewebe der Ratte wurden Enzymmuster bestimmt: Glucose-6-Phosphatdehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), 6-Phosphogluconatdehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44), Hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1), Phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11), Pyruvatkinase (EC 2.7.1.40), Glucophosphomutase (EC 2.7.5.1), Glycerin-3-Phosphatdehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8), Malatdehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), Glutamatpyruvattransaminase (EC 2.6.1.2), Glutamatoxalacetattransaminase (EC 2.6.1.1), Glutamatdehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.3), Citrate Cleavage Enzyme (EC 4.1.3.8), Malic Enzyme (EC 1.1.1.38), Glycerokinase (EC 2.7.1.30), Glucose-6-Phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9) und Fructose-1,6-Diphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11). Trotz der unterschiedlichen Lokalisation der Gewebe und des verschiedenen Gehaltes an löslichem Extraktprotein (Ratte:Mensch:Schwein=21,7±1,6:21,0±1,9:5,4±0,5mg/g Frischgewicht) finden sich annähernd übereinstimmende Enzymaktivitätsmuster. Bei allen drei Species ist die Phosphofructokinase das limitierende Glykolyse-Enzym und erfolgt der Glucoseabbau offensichtlich überwiegend über den Pentose-Phosphat-Shunt; eine weitere Gemeinsamkeit ist das Fehlen von Glycerokinase-Aktivität. Bezogen auf Extraktprotein liegen jedoch fast alle Enzymaktivitäten im menschlichen Fettgewebe um annähernd eine Zehnerpotenz niedriger als bei Ratte und Schwein. Im Gegensatz zu diesen beiden Species ist im Humanfettgewebe kein Citrate-Cleavage-Enzyme nachweisbar.
    Notes: Summary Enzyme patterns (Glucose-6-Phosphatdehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), 6-Phosphogluconatdehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44), Hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1), Phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11), Pyruvatkinase (EC 2.7.1.40), Glucophosphomutase (EC 2.7.5.1), Glycerin-3-Phosphatdehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8), Malatdehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), Glutamatpyruvattransaminase (EC 2.6.1.2), Glutamatoxalacetattransaminase (EC 2.6.1.1), Glutamatdehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.3), Citrate Cleavage Enzyme (EC 4.1.3.8), Malic Enzyme (EC 1.1.1.38), Glycerokinase (EC 2.7.1.30), Glucose-6-Phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9) and Fructose-1,6-Diphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11)) have been measured in subcutaneous adipose tissue of man and pig and in the epididymal fat pads of rats. The conduct of soluble extract-protein was equal in rat (21.7±1.6 mg/g) and man (21.0±1.9 mg/g) but different in pig (5.4±0.5 mg/g). In all three species the pattern was nearly the same; phosphofructokinase was the rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis; most of the glucose degradation in white adipose tissue seems to be done via the pentose-phosphate-shunt; there was no measurable activity of glycerokinase. In human adipose tissue—where nearly all enzyme activities were about ten times lower—there was no citrate cleavage enzyme either.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 49 (1971), S. 437-439 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Ratte, Maus, Meerschweinchen, Mensch, Kaninchen und Schwein konnte in vitro — und bei den beiden letztgenannten Species auch in vivo — eine lipolytische Wirkung eines von uns aus Schweinehypophysen dargestellten lipidmobilisierenden Polypeptids nachgewiesen werden. Beim Menschen zeigte sich nur ein Effekt auf die Glycerin-, nicht auf die Fettsäurefreisetzung; beim Schwein war in vitro keine Lipolysestimulation zu erzielen, in vivo dagegen eine starke Wirkung. Wie Untersuchungen der Cyclo-AMP-Phosphodiesterase-Aktivität im Fettgewebe des Menschen und der Ratte ergeben haben, ist als möglicher Wirkungsmechanismus eine Hemmung dieses Enzyms zu diskutieren. — Dieser Nachweis einer offenbar universellen Wirksamkeit stellt einen weiteren Hinweis auf das Vorhandensein eines speziellen lipidmobilisierenden Peptids in der Hypophyse dar.
    Notes: Summary The lipolytic effect of a polypeptide isolated from pig pituitaries was investigated in vitro and/or in vivo in 6 species. In vitro the peptide was active in the rat (MED 0,1 µg/ml), in the mouse and guinea-pig (MED 1,0 µg/ml each) and in the rabbit (MED 0,01 µg/ml). In human adipose tissue there was only an effect on glycerol liberation, in the pig no effect at all. But in vivo a strong action could be demonstrated in the minipig by injection of 100 µg/kg intravenously. Phosphodiesterase activity in adipose tissue of man and rat was inhibited by the peptide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 49 (1971), S. 108-110 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei einer Patientin mit einer reticulocytogenen lipophagen Granulomatose in Unterhautfettgewebe und Lunge sowie zwei Patientinnen mit Mamma-Carcinom wurden im Tumorgewebe die Aktivitäten folgender Enzyme bestimmt: G-6-PDH, 6-PGDH, HK, PFK, PK, GDH, GK, MDH, GPM, GPT, GOT und GluDH. In Übereinstimmung mit der Literatur fanden wir in beiden Geweben ein tumorspezifisches Enzymmuster. In den Retikuloseknoten ließ sich darüberhinaus eine deutlich meßbare Aktivität der Glycerokinase nachweisen. Die „Michaelis-Konstante“ für Glycerin unterschied sich nicht von dem für Lebergewebe angegebenen Wert. Gut meßbare Aktivitäten dieses Enzyms sind bisher nur für Leber- und Nierengewebe angegeben worden.
    Notes: Summary The activities of the following enzymes were determined in a patient showing reticulo-cytogenous lipophagic granulomatosis in her subcutaneous adipose tissue and the lungs, as well as in two patients with carcinoma of the breast: G-6-PDH, 6-PGDH, HK, PFK, PK, GHD, GK, MDH, GPM, GPT, GOT and GluDH. We found a tumor-specific enzyme pattern in both tissues, a finding which is in accord with the results published in the literature. Furthermore, a well measurable glycerokinase activity in the reticulo-cytogenous lipophagic granulomas could be demonstrated as well. The Michaelis-Menten constant for glycerol was not different from the values found in hepatic tissue. So far, these enzymatic activities had been found to be easily assessable in liver and kidney tissue only.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 837-842 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis markers ; Anti-hepatitis B core immunoglobulin M
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) synthesized in E. coli was used for determination of immunoglobulin M class-specific antibodies against HBcAg. It was found that 98% of cases with acute hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive hepatitis type B were anti-HBc immunoglobulin M (IgM) positive. Atypical hepatitis B was detected in 33% of anti-HBc-positive HBsAg-negative cases with acute hepatitis. Anti-HBc IgM was positive for 6 months in acute resolving hepatitis type B, whereas cases resulting in chronic hepatitis B remained anti-HBc IgM-positive for up to 900 days. Chronic HBsAg carriers with severe liver disease had anti-HBc IgM more often than individuals with minor liver damage; 83% of HBsAg-positive liver cirrhoses, 63% of chronic aggressive hepatitis, 50% of HBsAg-positive liver carcinoma, but only 17% of chronic persistent hepatitis or 7% of healthy blood donors were anti-HBc IgM-positive. Determination of anti-HBc IgM is useful in detecting atypical hepatitis B virus infections without HBsAg in serum and, with some restrictions, in discriminating acute and chronic hepatitis type B.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 241-251 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: HCMV isolation ; Antigen and nucleic acid detection ; Ig class-specific antibody determination ; Risk groups: pregnancy, blood transfusion, organ transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID) is caused by a horizontally or vertically transmitted human herpes virus infection and may persist for life without obvious clinical symptoms. A serious course of horizontal primary and recurrent infections, however, is often observed in immunocompromised persons such as recipients of organ transplants and patients receiving fresh blood transfusions. Vertical infection may cause fetopathies. The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is thought to inherit an oncogenic potential as lately discussed for AIDS and M. Kaposi. Laboratory diagnosis of HCMV infection is performed by light microscopy (inclusion bodies), electron microscopy, virus isolation in cell culture, demonstration of viral DNA and antigen in clinical specimens, by histochemical methods (e.g. immunoperoxidase technique) and by DNA and peptide analysis for identification of different isolates and viral finger prints. Evaluation of cell-mediated immunity in HCMV infection is performed quantitatively (assessment of Thelper/Tsuppressor ratios) or qualitatively (specific lymphocyte stimulation by the antigen). In most cases laboratory diagnosis is achieved by serological methods, i.e. demonstration and quantitation of HCMV-specific antibodies. In this context, a number of liquid- and solid-phase immunoassays have been developed, of which immunofluorescence and ELISA are most commonly used, besides complement fixation and passive haemaglutination. These procedures on the one hand allow the use of different antigen preparations as early and late viral proteins, and on the other hand permit a specific determination of different Ig classes and subclasses. A variety of assays has been established especially for determination of virus-specific IgM antibodies, which are predominantly found in active infection. These, however, at least in part may show non-specific results caused by interference of rheumatoid factor or IgG competition. Such problems have now been dealt with and are avoided by IgG precipitation or IgM immunosorption (“μ-capture” technique). These recent methods allow an exact epidemiological identification of risk groups for CMV infection. Results from our laboratory revealed 13% HCMV-IgM positive patients among pregnant women, 16% IgM positive patients among renal transplant recipients, 4% igM positive cases in patients after cardiosurgery and 1.7% IgM positives among prostitutes. The prevalence of HCMV infection as indicated by specific IgG antibodies was 56%, 90%, 83%, and 90%, respectively. No IgM antibodies were found in haemophiliacs and healthy blood donours, which showed a prevalence of HCMV infection in 69% and 47% of tested serum samples.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Primary human cytomegalovirus infection ; IgE antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; Renal transplant recipients ; Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An antibody capture assay using an enzyme-linked human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) antigen for the detection of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) was established. IgG, M, and E responses to HCMV were studied in 497 sera obtained from 44 renal transplant recipients and 51 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. The results were compared with those obtained from 58 HCMV-seropositive healthy individuals. HCMV-specific IgE was detected in 11 (91.7%) renal transplant recipients with primary HCMV infection. In contrast, antibodies of the IgG and IgM classes were detected in only 6 (50.0%) of these patients. Specific IgE was detected in 10 (90.9%) out of 11 renal allograft recipients suffering from secondary HCMV infection. Significant IgG titer rises and IgM were detected in 2 (18.2%) and 6 (54.6%) of these patients, respectively. IgG titer rises and IgM and IgE antibodies were seen in 5 (12.2%), 1 (2.4%) and 18 (43.9%) AIDS patients respectively. All healthy immunocompetent HCMV-seropositive individuals were tested IgE negative. The results obtained in our study indicate that IgE against HCMV is a more reliable serologic marker for primary and secondary HCMV infection than IgM in immunocompromised individuals, especially in organ transplant recipients, since it is not affected by the prophylactic application of HCMV hyperimmune globulin preparations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Human cytomegalovirus ; Neonates ; Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and AIDS related complex patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present retrospective study compares the laboratory diagnosis of cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID) by the use of “shell vial culture” [i.e., immunoperoxidase staining of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) early antigen in human fibroblasts 24 h postinoculation] to the results of serology (i.e. immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, and IgA HCMV antibody testing) in 21 infants with congenital or postnatally acquired HCMV infection, 5 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders, 35 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients who met the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) criteria for stages IVA and IVB of HIV infection, and 115 patients suffering from the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS (stages IVC-IVE according to CDC criteria). HCMV infection was diagnosed by means of the shell vial culture inoculated with patient samples (e.g., urine, bronchoalveolar lavage, induced sputum, etc.) and serology in 163 (92.6%) and 65 (36.9%) patients, respectively. Viral shedding was detected by shell vial culture in 100% of the neonates, 80% of the patients suffering from lymphoproliferative disorders, 100% of the AIDS related complex (ARC) and 89.6% of the AIDS patients. In contrast, serologic testing for HCMV-specific antibodies was positive in only 28.6%, 42.9%, and 34.8% of the neonates, ARC, and AIDS patients, respectively. In lymphoma patients, serologic testing gave identical results (80%) to the shell vial culture technique. With the use of the shell vial procedure, active HCMV infection in immunocompromised subjects and neonates can be recognized more reliably than by serologic testing. Nevertheless, in a low percentage of patients (7.4%), virus isolation by the shell vial culture may fail to detect HCMV infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 161 (1975), S. 155-162 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A method for the purification and concentration of Cytomegalovirus nucleocapsids and particles complete with envelope is described. Antibody to either nucleocapsid or envelope antigens can be detected in human sera. In patients with CMV disease the antibodies to the envelope antigen could not be detected before the 3rd week after the beginning of disease whereas antibodies to the nucleocapsid were detected earlier.
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