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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 1823-1827 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new high-pressure cell as useful equipment for a polarizing microscope is described. Measurements in a temperature range between −40 and +270 °C under hydrostatic pressures up to 300 MPa allow for example the observation of polymer morphology and phase transitions. In addition to a documentation on video and photograph, respectively, the computer-controlled light intensity measurement offers the possibility of a quantitative analysis. Investigations on the phase diagram of poly(diethylsiloxane) have been carried out and show, that the transition temperature from mesophase to isotropic melt decreases with increasing pressure for pressures above 160 MPa. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics, Section A 217 (1973), S. 381-399 
    ISSN: 0375-9474
    Keywords: Nuclear reactions
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 58 (1975), S. 425-427 
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 593-597 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Dilatometric measurements of n-Tetracosane from 330 K up to 420 K are reported. These experiments show evidence for a small kink in the specific volume — temperature curve. The correct statistical interpretation of the measured data yield a discret transition temperature above the melting point at about 378 K in close agreement with the results from other experimental methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In a high resolution48Ca(d,3He) experiment at 80 MeV evidence has been found for a 7/2− state at 1.97 MeV in47K with a spectroscopic factor of C2S=0.08 corresponding to a ~4% admixture of πf2(s,d)−2 configurations in the ground state of Ca.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 250 (1972), S. 1026-1032 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Transition data of PET from calorimetric and dilatometric measurements, as well as IR and X-Ray studies of crystalline structure, are summarized in order to test quantitative predictions of the meander model in a wide range of crystallinities, described by the meander variableα=L−r/L. The long period, kink concentrations and changes in enthalpy and density during crystallization, which were calculated from theory (1) as a function of crystallization temperature, are in good agreement with experimental data.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur quantitativen Behandlung der Mikrostruktur von PET werden Strukturdaten (infrarotspektroskopisch und röntgengraphisch ermittelt) und Umwandlungsdaten (kalorimetrisch und dilatometrisch ermittelt) in Abhängigkeit von den Kristallisationsbedingungen zusammengestellt. Das Mäandermodell und dessen quantitative Formulierung werden daran geprüft. Zur Beschreibung des großen Kristallinitätsbereichs von PET wird die Mäandervariable α benutzt. Langperiode und Kinkkonzentration sowie Umwandlungsenthalpie und Dichtesprung in Abhängigkeit von der Kristallisationstemperatur werden durch die Theorie in (1) richtig wiedergegeben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 261 (1983), S. 299-305 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: poly(1-butene) ; high pressure ; dilatometry ; melting ; polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract High pressure dilatometry is used to study the melting processes and the melt of isotactic polybutene-1. Evaluating a great number of isobaricV(T)-curves determined in the range of a few hundred bar the pressure dependence of the melting temperature is accurately determined for modifications I and II. Extrapolation to 1 bar yieldsdT m/dp=43.6 K/kbar and a heat of fusionΔH m=8.0 kJ/ mol for modification I. The values for modification II are 21.4 and 6.9 resp. Up to 4.25 kbar data of melting temperature, volume, entropy and enthalpy as a function of pressure are reported and also the compressibility of the melt. Finally the relative thermodynamic stability of the different modifications is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 254 (1976), S. 237-246 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Messungen des spezifischen Volumens als Funktion der Temperatur und des Drucks wurden an linearem Polyäthylen, an Polyäthylenoxid und an isotaktischem Polypropylen durch langsames Abkühlen aus der Schmelze (6 K/h) in einem Bereich bis 1 kbar (PE bis 10 kbar) durchgeführt. Daraus ausgewertet wurden die Ausdehnung und die Kompressibilität der Schmelze, sowie die Kristallisationstemperatur. Der Volumensprung sowie die Schmelzenthalpie und die Schmelzentropie wurden berechnet — die beiden letzteren mit Hilfe der Clausius-Clapeyronschen Gleichung, deren Anwendbarkeit diskutiert wird. Für Polyäthylen und Polyäthylenoxid nehmen diese Werte mit steigendem Druck ab.
    Notes: Summary For linear polyethylene, polyethyleneoxide and isotactic polypropylene we report measurements of the specific volume as a function of temperature and pressure, up to 1 kbar (for PE up to 10 kbar) obtained by slow cooling from the melt (6 K/h). Expansivity and compressibility of the melt and the temperature of crystallization are evaluated. By means of the volume of fusion and the Clausius-Clapeyron equation — the applicability of which is discussed briefly — one gets the enthalpy and the entropy of fusion. For polyethylene and polyethyleneoxide these data are shown to decrease with increasing pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 258 (1980), S. 353-359 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Einleitend werden die experimentellen Methoden aufgezählt, mit denen die in linearem Polyäthylen auftretende Hochdruckphase untersucht worden ist. Die Phase ist hexagonal, ihre kristallographischen Daten werden angegeben. Diese stammen teils aus Röntgenmessungen, teils aus ausführlich dargestellten Dilatometeruntersuchungen. An thermodynamischen Größen werden das Phasendiagramm samt Steigung der Kurven, sowie die Sprünge in Volumen, Entropie und Enthalpie angegeben, ferner die lineare Kompressibilität und der lineare Ausdehnungskoeffizient der hexagonalen Phase. Weitere Resultate werden berichtet, die mit Mikroskopie, Ultraschall und Ramanspektroskopie gewonnen wurden.
    Notes: Summary The experimental techniques are enumerated which were up to present used to investigate the high pressure phase in linear polyethylene. The crystallographic data of this phase which is hexagonal are tabulated. In part they come from wide angle X-ray scattering, in part they are calculated from dilatometric results discussed in detail. The thermodynamic quantities given encompass the phase diagramm including the slope of the curves, the changes in volume, entropy and enthalpy and the linear compressibility and the linear expansion coefficient of the hexagonal phase. Further results are reported found by microscopy, ultrasonic measurements and Raman spectroscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 259 (1981), S. 714-723 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Poly(trans-1,4-butadiene) ; conformational analysis ; phase transitions ; high pressure dilatometry ; calorimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Methode der semiempirisch-atomistischen Rechnung wird auf ein Polydien angewendet. Dazu wird ein bei Polyolefinen bewährter Potentialsatz um einen Coulombterm erweitert. Berechnet werden alle stabilen 4 *p/q Helices des Poly-trans-1,4-butadiens, und es ergibt sich eine Konformation für die Tieftemperaturphase, die mit Röntgendaten in der Literatur übereinstimmt. Für die Hochtemperaturphase werden Kettenkonformationen vorgeschlagen, bei denen die in der Einzelkettennäherung bestimmte Energie und die Packung berücksichtigt wird. Die Enthalpie- und Entropieunterschiede zwischen beiden Phasen, die bisher nur intramolekular berechnet sind, werden experimentell mit den Methoden der Hochdruckdilatometrie und der Kalorimetrie bestimmt. Dabei wird im Hochdruckbereich bis 3 kbar ein handelsübliches Material gemessen, im Niederdruckbereich und kalorimetrisch aber ein reines trans-Polymeres, das anfangs gestrecktkettig vorliegt. Die experimentellen Werte werden mit den berechneten verglichen, und ihre Unterschiede werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The method of semiempiric-atomistic calculations is applied to a polydiene. For this purpose a Coulomb term has to be added to a potential set used successfully for polyolefines. All stable 4 *p/q helices of poly(trans-1,4-butadiene) are calculated. This yields a conformation for the low temperature phase which is in agreement with X-ray data in the literature. Chain conformations are proposed for the high temperature phase carefully considering the energies (determined in the single chain approximation) and the packing properties. Experimentelly, the enthalpy and entropy differences between the phases, calculated only intramolecularly, are determined by high pressure dilatometry and calorimetry. A commercial material is investigated in the full pressure range up to 3 kbar; for low pressure dilatometry and calormetry a purely trans polymer, initially in extended chain conformation, is used. Experimental data are compared with calculated values and discrepancies are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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