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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusions Considerations of the structure of a candidate initiating antigen have led us to propose a new model for the susceptibility to Type 1 diabetes. It is quite likely there are other antigens of similar structure of viral or bacterial origin that will provoke a similar response directed against islet beta cells. However, we believe that this hypothesis will provide a framework for the further investigation and research into the mechanism of development of Type 1 diabetes and for the design of therapeutic manoeuvres for its prevention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Bovine serum albumin antibodies ; Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; enzyme linked immunoassay ; particle concentration fluoroimmunoassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We recently developed a particle concentration fluoroimmunoassay for the measurement of serum antibodies to bovine serum albumin in patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. We observed elevated IgG-anti-bovine serum albumin antibodies in 100% of newly-diagnosed diabetic children and in 2.5% of matched control children. Here we compare the fluoroimmunoassay and the more commonly available enzyme linked immunoassay technique, exchanging coded serum samples from 40 newly-diagnosed diabetic children and 179 control children between two laboratories. Particle concentration fluoroimmunoassay detected elevated IgG-anti-bovine serum albumin antibodies in all diabetic children, enzyme immunoassay in 25% (p 〈0.0001). Fluoroimmunoassay detected elevated levels in 2.2% and enzyme immunoassay in 10% of control children (p 〈0.002). Elevated IgA-antibovine serum albumin antibodies in patients were slightly more often detected by fluoroimmunoassay than by enzyme immunoassay, while in control children enzyme immunoassays detected elevated levels three times more often (p 〈0.01). Values measured in either assay showed overall no correlation in either patient (IgG: rs = 0.28; IgA: rs = 0.11) or control sera (IgG: rs = 0.02; IgA: rs = -0.05). Fluoroimmunoassay for IgG was 100% disease-sensitive (enzyme immu-noassay: 25%, p 〈0.0001) and more disease-specific (IgG; p 〈0.02). Our findings demonstrate that these assay techniques detected distinct subsets of anti-bovine serum albumin antibodies with little (IgG) or some (IgA) overlap. In fluoroimmunoassay procedures, antigen: antibody binding occurs within 1–2 min while hours are allowed in an enzyme immunoassay. Antibodies with high on-off binding rates typical for immune responses following hyperimmunization are therefore measured preferentially by particle concentration fluoroimmunoassay and it is these antibodies which appear to be associated with diabetes. These observations emphasize the need for epidemiological surveys to validate immunoassay procedures used for clinical purposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytical Biochemistry 177 (1989), S. 364-372 
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinical Biochemistry 26 (1993), S. 307-308 
    ISSN: 0009-9120
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Molecular Basis of Disease 1227 (1994), S. 101-104 
    ISSN: 0925-4439
    Keywords: Autoimmunity ; Autoreactive T cell ; Islet cell autoantigen ; Molecular cloning ; Type 1 diabetes
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 40 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggested that denial of dietary cow milk protein early in life protects genetically susceptible children and animals from insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was proposed as a candidate milk-borne mimicry antigen responsible for the diabetogenic cow milk effect. Elevated anti-BSA antibodies have been observed in patients and diabetic rodents, and these antibodies precipitate p69 from islet cell lysates. IDDM is a T ceil mediated disorder but efforts to detect BSA-specific T cells in diabetic children have so far failed. We describe here a culture system which allowed the detection of BSA-specific T cells and we mapped this response to the ABBOS peptide (pre-BSA position 152–169) previously identified as a possible mimicry epitope. ABBOS sensitized T ceils were found in 28/31 children with recent onset TDDM but not in non-diabetic controls nor in children with SLE or JRA. T cell proliferative responses declined within the first few years of diabetes diagnosis. Although no effector cell role for BSA/ABBOS specific T lymphocytes has been demonstrated, the presence of BSA peptide-specific T cells strengthens the postulated link between a cow milk protein and IDDM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 153 (1970), S. 308-323 
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Lymphocytes ; PHA ; Standardization of lymphocyte-cultures ; Serumproteins ; Lymphocyten ; PHA ; Standardisierung von Lymphocytenkulturen ; Serumproteine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Präcipitation von Serumproteinen durch PHA und der Einfluß der Präcipitation auf den RNS-Stoffwechsel menschlicher Lymphocyten untersucht. Die präcipitierten Serumproteine konnten als α2-Makroglobulin, IgM und ein Serum-β-Lipoprotein identifiziert werden. Durch Chromatographie von PHA-P(Difco) über SE-Sephadex-C50 konnte ein proteinreiches, leukagglutinierendes Mitogen von einem proteinarmen, erythrocytenagglutinierenden Mitogen getrennt werden. Die proteinarme Fraktion trägt die gesamte präcipitierende Aktivität von PHA. Im Gegensatz zu unfraktioniertem PHA zeigten die Dosiskurven der genannten zwei PHA-Fraktionen nur ein Wirkungsoptimum. Die Kinetik der Präcipitation war dem Ablauf einer Antigen-Antikörper-Präcipitation vergleichbar. Gewaschene Präcipitate aus PHA und Serumproteinen wirkten in niedrigen Dosen stimulierend auf den RNS-Stoffwechsel von Lymphocyten. Die gleichen niedrigen Dosen entstehen in Lymphocytenkulturen (15% Serum im Ansatz) während des zweiten Dosismaximums einer PHA-Dosiskurve (50–200 μg/ml). Wurden Kulturen ohne präcipitierbare Serumproteine angesetzt, so war nur das erste Maximum des RNS-Stoffwechsels bei 6,25 μg PHA/ml vorhanden. Mit zunehmender Präcipitation bzw. bei Zusatz entsprechend größerer Mengen an gewaschenem Präcipitat war eine Hemmung des RNS-Stoffwechsels zu beobachten. Es wird versucht, den Angriffsort der verschiedenen PHA-Komponenten näher zu charakterisieren, und es wird die Bedeutung der Serumpräcipitation für die Standardisierung von Lymphocytenkulturen und für die Interpretation von in vivo-Experimenten mit PHA diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The precipitation of serum proteins by PHA and the effect of this precipitation on RNA-synthesis of human lymphocytes has been investigated. α2-makroglobulin, IgM and a serum-β-lipoprotein were shown to be the precipitated proteins. PHA-P (Difco) was seperated by chromatography on SE-Sephadex-C50 into two different mitogens: a protein-rich, leukagglutinating one and another erythroagglutinating one with a low protein moiety. This low-protein-fraction exhibited the complete precipitating activity of PHA. While the nonfractionated PHA revealed two dosedependant mitogenic optima, the 2 isolated fractions did exhibit only one. The kinetics of the serumprotein precipitation was quite similar to an antigen-antibody precipitation. Sufficiently washed precipitates of PHA and serum proteins did stimulate the RNA-metabolism of cultured lymphocytes using minute doses. Those minute doses of precipitate were shown to be produced in lymphocyte cultures during the second dose optimum (culture with 15% serum, 50–200 μg PHA/ml). Cultures without precipitated proteins lacked this second peak. As well increased precipitation as increased concentrations of washed precipitate resulted in a significant decrease of RNA-synthesis. It was tried to characterise the site of action of the mitogenic PHA-components. The meaning of the results will be discussed with respect to the standardization of lymphocyte cultures and opposing in vivo experiments with PHA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 153 (1970), S. 297-307 
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Phytohemagglutinin ; Serum proteins ; Lymphocyte culture ; Phythämagglutinin ; Serumproteine ; Lymphocytenkultur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Wirkung von Serumfraktionen auf das Wachstum PHA-stimulierter Lymphocyten wurde auf Grund ihres RNS-Stoffwechsels beurteilt. Die Chromatographie von lipoproteinfreiem Serum über Sephadex G 200 ergab drei Serumfraktionen. Fraktion I stimulierte in geringen Konzentrationen und hatte in hohen Konzentrationen einen hemmenden Effekt. Durch weitere Fraktionierungen und durch die Verwendung von Mangelserum konnte die wachstumsfördernde Wirkung auf α2-Makroglobulin zurückgeführt werden. Einen hemmenden Effekt zeigte die Serumfraktion II, während Fraktion III deutlich stimulierend wirkte. Mit Hilfe eines Mangelserums konnte der wachstumsfördernde Effekt von Fraktion III auf α1-Antitrypsin zurückgeführt werden.
    Notes: Summary The influence of serum fractions on PHA stimulated lymphocytes has been determined by mRNA synthesis. Serum without lipoproteins was fractionated by Sephadex G 200 chromatography. Fraction I had a stimulating effect in low concentrations and an inhibiting one in high doses. The growth promoting effect of Fraction I was due to α2-macroglobulin. This was indicated by purified α2-macroglobulin and α2-macroglobulin deficient serum. Fraction II had a strong inhibiting effect, whereas Fraction III contained a growth promoting protein. The growth potential was markedly reduced in α1-antitrypsin deficient serum. For this reason the stimulating effect of Fraction III may be caused by α1-antitrypsin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In vitro induction of myelopoetic colonies from mouse bone marrow has been used for measurement of leucopoetic colony stimulating activity (CSA) isolated from large batches of human urine. After high flow dialysis in artificial kidneys and immediate adsorption to DEAE-Cellulose, followed by purification on Con A-Sepharose, treatment with insoluble Papain and gelfiltration on Sephadex G 100, enrichment of CSA was about 6,000-fold. An important step of the enrichment procedure was the separation from a CSA-inhibiting protein, probably combining with CSA.Specific activity was further increased by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to 5.3 × 106 units per mg protein. The total enrichment exceeded 25,000-fold.The final purification product consisted of a group of closely related proteins with high specific activity.Antisera raised with one of the electrophoretic fractions suppressed bioactivity in each of the different purification steps including the final CSA fractions differing in electrophoretic mobility. The antisera furthermore inhibited CSA in human lung and monocyte conditioned media but had only very little effect on partially purified CSA from stimulated human lymphocytes as well as CSA derived from mouse lung conditioned medium.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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