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  • 1
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Liver ; Echography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'échographie per-opératoire du foie est appelée á prendre une place importante dans les indications d'exérése hépatique, d'autant plus qu'il s'agit d'une chirurgie anatomique et réglée. Cependant il n'est pas facile de se faire une idée précise de la représentation stéréo-spatiale de tel ou tel segment hépatique lorsque le foie est en place. Le but de ce travail est de préciser, á partir de coupes échographiques, la topographie des différents segments hépatiques et de permettre à l'opérateur de pratiquer une exploration compléte et systématisée. Elle apporte au chirurgien des renseignements qui n'étaient pas accessibles jusqu'ici aux explorations per-opératoires classiques.
    Notes: Summary Peroperative echography is bound to play an increasingly important role in indications for hepatic exeresis, particularly as this type of surgery is anatomical and patterned. It is not easy however to have a clear idea of the stereo-spatial representation of one segment or another when the liver is in situ. The aim of this investigation is to define precisely, with the help of echographic sections, the topography of the different hepatic segments, thereby enabling the surgeon to carry out a complete and systematised exploration. It provides the surgeon with information which has not been accessible until now with classic peroperative explorations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 6 (1984), S. 287-293 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Lacrimal gland ; Arteries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La vascularisation artérielle de 70 glandes lacrymales a été étudiée par dissection orbitaire, après injection du lit artériel par du latex coloré en rouge. L'origine, le calibre, les branches collatérales de l'artère lacrymale ainsi que ses rapports ont été notés. Les auteurs décrivent 3 types de vascularisation: Type I: l'artère lacrymale nait de l'artère ophtalmique, longe le bord supérieur du muscle droit latéral, dont elle assure en grande partie la vascularisation; Type II: l'artère lacrymale provient de l'artère méningée moyenne. Dans ce cas, elle ne participe que très modérément à la vascularisation musculaire. Type III: deux artères lacrymales assurent simultanément l'apport artériel glandulaire; l'une nait de l'artère ophtalmique et l'autre de l'artère méningée moyenne. La glande est alors le siège d'une anastomose intra-orbitaire entre les deux systèmes carotidiens interne et externe. L'innervation lacrymale est assurée par le nerf lacrymal et par des rameaux lacrymaux issus du nerf maxillaire. Quelques aspects morphologiques du nerf lacrymal sont rapportés, à titre préliminaire.
    Notes: Summary The vascularization of 70 lacrimal glands was studied by orbital dissection subsequent to injection of the arterial bed with red-dyed latex. The origin, diameter and collateral branches of the lacrimal artery and its anatomical relations were investigated. Three types of lacrimal vascularization were seen. In the type I variety, the lacrimal artery originates from the ophthalmic artery and runs along the margin of the rectus lateralis muscle. In this case, the lacrimal artery is a major source of vascular supply to the muscle. In the type II variety, the lacrimal artery originates from the middle meningeal artery. In this case, the lacrimal artery is only a very modest source of vascular supply to the muscle. The type III variety features two lacrimal arteries vascularizing the lacrimal gland. One of the arteries originates from the ophthalmic, while the other arises from the middle meningeal. In this case, the lacrimal gland is the site of an intraorbital anastomosis between the internal and external carotid systems. The lacrimal gland is innervated by the lacrimal nerve and the lacrimal rami of the maxillary nerve. Preliminary results regarding certain morphological features of the lacrimal nerve are reported in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'importance prise en chirurgie cancérologique cervicofaciale par le lambeau musculo-cutané de grand pectoral a incité les auteurs à préciser la vascularisation de ce site donneur. Ce travail repose sur l'étude de 40 muscles grands pectoraux: dissection de pièces injectées au latex coloré en rouge, tout d'abord globalement, puis sélectivement dans le pédicule artériel du muscle, enfin injection du territoire cutané correspondant à ce pédicule. Cette étude confirme l'existence d'un pédicule artério-veineux principal, vascularisant le site donneur, situé à la face profonde du muscle grand pectoral et provenant de l'artère acromiothoracique; c'est autour de ce pédicule que se fait la rotation du lambeau et c'est lui qui assure la survie de ce dernier. La participation d'autres artères a également été notée.
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to clearly identify the vascularization of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap owing to the importance of its use in the surgery of cervicofacial cancer. This work was based on the study of 40 pectoralis major muscles. The anatomical specimens were dissected after non selective injection of red latex followed by selective injection via the arterial pedicle of the muscle and finally injection of the cutaneous territory supplied by this pedicle. This study confirms the existence of a main arteriovenous pedicle vascularizing the donor site. The pedicle, lying at the deep surface of the pectoralis major, originates from the thoracoacromial artery. Rotation of the myocutaneous flap is achieved around this pedicle, the latter ensuring the survival of the flap. Participation of other arteries in the vascularization of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap was also noted in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 2 (2000), S. 105-116 
    ISSN: 1292-895X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: In the standard description of phase separation, quenching from an initial equilibrium state to a final metastable state in the two-phase region is usually assumed to be instantaneous. Such an artificial situation is nevertheless intrinsically at variance with experiments because the quench rate is finite due to the continuous changes in thermodynamic parameters between the initial and final states. We experimentally explore this issue in near-critical micellar phases of microemulsion with induced transient grating techniques, focusing our attention on the very early stage of droplet growth, where the influence of the time dependence of supersaturation is the strongest. The experiment makes use of laser-induced concentration variations to locally quench the mixture with two intersecting pump beams, whose interference pattern optically traps the nucleated droplets on fringes. Due to the slow mass diffusion kinetics of quenches in composition, the time-resolved reflectivity of a third probe beam on the resulting droplet grating allows us to determine the mean nucleation time and the mean quench depth at the beginning of the decay of the metastable state. By varying the amplitudes of the control parameters (beam power, beam radii), we are able to characterize the dynamic properties of nucleation onset during continuous quenching. The results are interpreted in the light of very simple scaling arguments. We show in particular that for a weak linear temporal variation of the supersaturation, where and are, respectively, the measured critical radius and nucleation time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 7 (1985), S. 271-283 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Gastroesophageal reflux ; Crura of the diaphragm ; Esophageal hiatus ; Esophageal canal of the diaphragm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les auteurs rapportent un travail anatomique, morphologique et fonctionnel, sur la traversée diaphragmatique de l'œsophage. Cette étude leur permet de conclure que la place réservée aux structures anatomiques dans la continence gastro-œsophagienne est importante. La notion de ≪ sphincter physiologique ≫ doit être élargie en tenant compte des piliers du diaphragme qui forment un véritable sphincter anatomique extrinsèque. Ils insistent sur l'aspect dynamique de cette région et sur les variations de pression en relation avec les mouvements respiratoires. Dans la pratique les conclusions de ce travail devraient permettre au chirurgien de faire une exploration dynamique du reflux gastro-œsophagien et d'adapter son geste à un mécanisme physiopathologique précis.
    Notes: Summary The authors report an anatomical, morphological and functional study on the diaphragmatic passage of the esophagus. This study allows to conclude that the anatomical structures of the region play an important role in gastroesophageal continence. The idea of “physiological sphincter” must be broadened and take into account the crura of the diaphragm which from a true extrinsic anatomic sphincter. The authors also insist on the dynamic aspect of this region and on the variations of pressure related to the respiratory movements. From a practical standpoint, the conclusions of this study should permit the surgeon to make a dynamic investigation of gastroesophageal reflux and adapt treatment to a more precise physiopathological mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Tendons ; Fingers ; Physiology ; Surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les mouvements de flexion de la chaîne articulée du doigt sont sous la dépendance d'un vaste complexe fonctionnel comprenant les tendons longs fléchisseurs, leurs antagonistes longs extenseurs, et le couple interosseux lombrical. A partir d'hypothèses théoriques, étayées par une étude expérimentale, les auteurs soulignent le rôle important joué par la gaine fibreuse digitale dans le mécanisme d'action du tendon long fléchisseur. Toute résection proximale, même minime, de la poulie proximale du doigt entraîne des désordres mécaniques graves en favorisant l'articulation métacarpo-phalangienne au détriment de l'articulation interphalangienne proximale. A l'inverse sa résection distale favorise la flexion de l'IPP au détriment de la MP; mais les conséquences de cette dernière sont moins sensibles que celles observées lors de la résection proximale. La poulie joue un rôle directionnel dans le plan frontal et au niveau du deuxième doigt, où l'angulation tendon-poulie est la plus marquée, on observe une composante ulnarienne lors de la flexion du doigt. Lors de la chirurgie réparatrice des tendons longs fléchisseurs, il est indispensable de conserver l'intégrité de la gaine fibreuse digitale, tout particulièrement dans sa partie proximale. C'est en effect l'articulation métacarpo-phalangienne qui paraît la plus vulnérable aux modifications morphologiques de la poulie et ce fait est souligné, sur le plan anatomique, par l'absence d'insertion des tendons longs fléchisseurs sur la première phalange.
    Notes: Summary The movements of flexion of the digital articular chain are dependent upon a vast functional complex comprising the long flexor tendons, their antagonist long extensor tendons, and the coupled action of the interosseous and lumbricales muscles. Based on theoretical biomechanical data backed up by experimental investigation, the authors emphasize the important role of the digital fibrous sheath in the mechanism of action of the long flexor tendon. Any proximal resection (even of minor degree) of the proximal pulley of the digit induces severe mechanical disturbances by enhancing flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joint to the detriment of the proximal interphalangeal joint. Conversely, distal resection of the pulley enhances flexion of the interphalangeal joint to the detriment of the metacarpophalangeal articulation, although the resulting abnormalities are less pronounced than those due to proximal resection. The fibrous pulley plays a role in tendinous orientation in the frontal plane and in digital orientation of the index finger where the angulation between the pulley and flexor tendon is most pronounced. In this latter case ulnar deviation of the second finger occurs on flexion. Reconstructive surgery of the long flexor tendons requires that the digital fibrous sheath, especially its proximal segment, be preserved. The metacarpophalangeal joint seems to be the most vulnerable to morphological modifications of the pulley, as stressed from the anatomical standpoint by the absence of insertion of the long flexor tendons on the proximal phalanx.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 7 (1985), S. 15-21 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les auteurs, à partir des résultats de 70 dissections orbitaires réalisées après injection du système artériel par du latex, étudient les principaux éléments vasculonerveux en rapport avec la paroi médiale de l'orbite: artère ophtalmique, artères ethmoïdales, nerfs trochléaire et nasal. Ils décrivent notamment leur situation, leurs rapports et les différentes variations rencontrées. Par rapport aux descriptions classiques, les auteurs ont noté quelques différences, notamment en ce qui concerne la situation de l'artère ophtalmique qui est habituellement placée en dedans du muscle oblique supérieur, après l'avoir croisé par au-dessous. Un repère chirurgical important, l'orifice latéral du canal ethmoïdo-frontal antérieur, site d'abord de l'artère ethmoïdale antérieure, a été noté et sa situation précisée.
    Notes: Summary The main neurovascular structures related to the medial wall of the orbit were studied in 70 orbits after injection of the orbital arterial bed with latex dye. The position, anatomical relations and variations of the ophthalmic and ethmoidal arteries and trochlear and nasociliary nerves are described. Some differences were noted in comparison to classical anatomical descriptions, notably regarding the position of the ophthalmic artery which was commonly found to lie medial to the obliquus superior muscle distal to the point where it crosses under the muscle. An important surgical landmark, the lateral orifice of the anterior ethmoidal canal which lodges the anterior ethmoidal artery, was noted and its position described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 2623-2625 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We demonstrate that the induced second order nonlinearity χ(2) generated in thermal poled doped borosilicate glasses can be erased by a prolonged exposure to near IR laser radiation. The evolution of the second harmonic signal with respect to laser time exposure, intensity and wavelength is reported. The IR laser radiation induced relaxation of the χ(2) is mainly related to two-photon absorption of the glass. The nonexponential time dependence of the second harmonic signal agrees with a simple model involving diffusion of photoexcited carriers. The reversible erasure process is also observed when the sample is exposed to near ultraviolet laser radiation. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemical Physics 102 (1986), S. 241-253 
    ISSN: 0301-0104
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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