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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Interastrocytic gap junctions in the blood-brain barrier of the experimental penumbra area were studied in the cat caudate nucleus 1 h after ischemia. Transmission electron microscopy and freeze-fracture studies revealed only slight changes in gap junctions between astrocytes, indicating that these junctions are very resistant to hypoxia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cat caudate nucleus ; Ischemia ; Plasmalemmal glial assemblies ; Cytotoxic edema
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Selective cerebral ischemia was induced in the caudate nucleus of seven normothermic anesthetized cats through transorbital clamping of the anterolateral penetrating lenticulostriated arteries. The plasmalemma of astrocytic foot processes has been studied with the freeze-fracture technique and conventional electron microscopy 10, 15 and 30 min after ischemia. After 15 min of circulatory arrest, assemblies of intramembrane particles (IMPs) disappear in some areas of astroglial perivascular plasmalemma in the ischemic caudate nucleus. Interastrocytic gap junctions do not change significantly. 30 min after ischemia, the pericapillary astroglial end foot is expanded and organelles are greatly perturbed (cytotoxic edema). Although the function of astrocytic intramembrane particle assemblies is unclear, it is postulated that the disappearance of this membrane specialization may play a role in the pathophysiology of cytotoxic astroglial edema.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 77 (1985), S. 62-67 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Instrumentation ; microsurgery ; needle ; suture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lesions generated by the passage of micro-needles through vessel walls are of concern because any lesion may significantly alter hemodynamics of an anastomosis. To study this problem, three different needles were tested on the exposed carotid arteries of 30 rats: the 100μ taper point, the 100μ cutting point, and the 75μ taper point. Trauma generated by the penetration of needles was tested first as the needle and its attached suture was passed through the vessel, then the suture was left in place. One hour after penetration, the arteries were prepared for scanning electron microscopy. Differences between the 100μ taper point and the 75μ taper point were significant in terms of size and extent of lesions. An arc of endothelial cells surrounding the wounds showed flattening, tissue destruction and clotting. To minimize endothelial trauma, taper point needles are superior to cutting needles. The 100μ cutting needle caused damage to the vessel wall in tissue cutting on needle penetration, causing a slit-like incision, and in aggregation of platelets at the puncture site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 108 (1991), S. 154-158 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Anatomy ; aneurysm ; carotid artery ; cavernous sinus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The anterior cavernous sinus space is the venous space anterior to the cavernous carotid artery. It is tetrahedral in shape with the anterior apex at the superior orbital fissure. The superomedial wall is formed by the base of the anterior clinoid process. The inferomedial wall is formed by the sphenoid bone. The lateral wall consists of two layers of dura with the oculomotor, trochlear, ophthalmic and abducens nerves in the inner layer. Medially, the posterior wall consists of the cavernous carotid artery. Laterally, it communicates with the lateral cavernous sinus space. Paraclinoid and carotid cave aneurysms may occupy this space and its microanatomy is important in the surgery of these aneurysms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Oximetry ; carotid cavernous fistula ; angiography ; regional cerebral oxygen saturation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Different methods have been used in the evaluation and monitoring of the cerebral oxygen supply during neuro-interventional therapies. Attenuation of near-infrared light by the chromophores oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin have shown to be useful in the study of the cellular oxygen metabolism and oxygen delivery to the brain. Transcranial cerebral oximetry (TCCO) has the advantage of providing real-time information regarding regional brain oxygen saturation (rSO2) by using wavelengths in the near-infrared range. We present a patient with a carotid cavernous fistula who underwent balloon occulusion and concurrent continuous TCCO monitoring. TCCO was found to be a useful tool providing immediate rSO2 values during the angiographic and interventional procedures. Initial balloon occlusion of a carotid cavernous fistula resulted in partial occlusion of the internal carotid artery lumen causing an immediate decrease in rSO2 which correlated with angiographic findings. Subsequent reocclusion of the fistula produced a slower and smaller degree of decrease in rSO2 with clinical improvement in the patient. Changes in rSO2 were detected before any adverse clinical event was observed. TCCO was reliable, safe, sensitive, and provided a real-time assessment tool for the monitoring of brain oxygen supply in a patient undergoing a neuroendovascular procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 106 (1990), S. 132-135 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Ethnic ; epidemiology ; cerebral aneurysm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The reported higher incidences of intracranial arterial aneurysms (IAA) in Africa and Asia raised the question of possible racial differences in aneurysm incidence. This prompted a retrospective study of the 244 cases of IAA seen at the Henry Ford Hospital (HFH) from 1979 to 1985. There were 171 whites and 73 blacks in the study group. The results showed a higher white to black case ratio (2.3∶1) than the white to black hospital population ratio (1.14∶1). If only bleeding aneurysms were considered, there were 81 whites and 52 blacks, with a white to black case ratio of 1.6∶1, thus giving only a borderline racial difference. The peak age of aneurysm incidence was the fifth decade for blacks and the sixth decade for whites. The most common aneurysm sites were: White Black Middle cerebral artery 26% 12% Posterior communicating artery 20% 27% Anterior communicating artery 16% 22%
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 35 (1976), S. 91-96 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The canine middle cerebral has been embolized using the method of Molinari. Microsurgical embolectomies were done at two hours and six hours post-embolism. Animals done at two hours remained virtually intact neurologically, and hence fared better than control dogs whose embolus remained in place. Animals done six hours post embolism had increased neurologic morbidity and mortality as compared to the controls. Pathologic study revealed hemorrhagic infarctions in 50% of the animals done six hours post embolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 59 (1981), S. 95-109 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Aneurysm clips ; medical instrumentation ; metallurgy ; vascular surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five aneurysm clips and their respective appliers (Heifetz, Vari-Angle, McFadden, Scoville, and Yaşargil) were tested for the production of small metal shards that could provoke a foreign body reaction or increase the risk of a stresscorrosion failure. Pivot and Vari-Angle-McFadden clips produced numerous large shards, the Scoville clip produced a few fine shards, and the Yaşargil and Heifetz clips produced none. Metal shard production due to cold metal transfer is attributed to the abrasive mechanical interaction between clips and appliers made from metals with different degrees of hardness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 68 (1983), S. 203-216 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Vertebrobasilar insufficiency ; microsurgery ; anastomosis ; ischaemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vertebrobasilar insufficiency may result from structural lesions anywhere along the vertebrobasilar system. Recently developed techniques in angiography and microsurgery have made the vertebrobasilar system more accessible to surgical therapy. The syndrome of vertebrobasilar insufficiency is discussed, and our experience with the surgical treatment of lesions from the vertebral origin to the distal basilar region is reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Aneurysm clips ; metallurgy ; microsurgery ; surgical instrumentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Several intracranial failures of aneurysm clips have been documented recently. Consistently, the mechanism of failure has been stress corrosion. These failures could have been anticipated if certain metallurgical properties of the clips had been known. In this paper, we review the metallurgical basis of stress corrosion failure and offer serial metallurgical tests as screening procedures to determine a clip's propensity towards failure. The importance of determining a clip's fracture toughness, a key indicator of stress corrosion resistance, is emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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