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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications 162-164 (1989), S. 1469-1470 
    ISSN: 0921-4534
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications 153-155 (1988), S. 63-66 
    ISSN: 0921-4534
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Allergic conjunctivitis is a common symptom amongst Type I (IgE-mediated) allergic diseases; and mosl frequently seen as rhinoconjunctivitis. However, the site of production and the significance of allergen specific IgE needs further elucidation.Objective We investigated whether the presence of IgE in tears of grass pollen allergic patients correlated with disease and clinical symptoms, whether the IgE binding pattern to the different grass pollen antigens was diflferent in sera and tears, and whether IgA antibodies to grass pollen allergens were present in tears. Finally, we looked whether specific IgE was produced locally or was exudated from serum. Methods Sera from 44 grass pollen allergic patients suffering from either allergic rhinitis (n=11) or allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (n= 33) and from healthy controls (n= l) were used for the experiments. Binding of specific IgE and IgA antibodies to the differyent groups of grass pollen allergens (Phleum pratense) was evaluated by means of immunobtotting.Results Specific IgE was detected in sera as well as in tears of allergic patients, whereby tear-derived allergen-specific IgE exerted similar specificities to the corresponding IgE from serum. The correlation between symptoms of ocular allergy and the presence of allergen-specific IgE in tears was highly significant (P 0.0001). In contrast, only a poor correlation was found between specific and/or total IgE in sera and the manifestation of ocular allergy (P = 0.73).Conclusion Allergen-specific IgE antibodies in tears seem to be produced locally rather than exsudated from serum. IgE in tears seems to be responsible for allergic conjunctivitis. IgA in tears cannot exert a protective function since the IgA antibodies recognize different antigens in a grass pollen (Phleum pratense) extract than IgE antibodies. The highly significant correlation between allergic conjunctivitis and the presence of specific tear IgE emphasizes the diagnostic value of immunoblots with tear IgE, especially in cases in which serum provides inconclusive results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 23 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Type I allergy to pollen of the European chestnut (Castanea sativa) represents a major cause of pollinosis in (sub) Mediterranean areas. Using sera from 14 patients with established allergy to pollen of the European chestnut, 13/14 sera (92%) showed IgE-binding to a 22 kD protein, 2/14(14%) displayed additional binding to a 14 kD protein and 1/14 (7%) bound only to the 14 kD protein of European chestnut pollen extract. Two monoclonal mouse antibodies, BIP 1 and BIP 4, directed against different epitopes of Bet v I (the major birch pollen allergen), and a rabbit antibody to recombinant birch profilin (rBet v II) were used to characterize the proteins of the European chestnut pollen. The recombinant birch pollen allergens, r Bet v I and r Bet v II (profilin) were employed to show common allergenic structures on proteins from both birch and European chestnut pollen by IgE-inhibition experiments. Despite the fact that the 22 kD protein displayed a higher molecular weight in comparison to the 17 kD major birch pollen allergen, Bet v I, we could demonstrate reactivity of both monoclonal antibodies, BIP 1 and BIP 4, with this protein. A complete inhibiton of IgE-binding to this 22 kD protein was shown by pre-incubating sera with purified recombinant Set r I. In addition, the 14kD protein could be identified by IgE-inhibition studies with recombinant Bet v II and by using a rabbit anti-profilin antibody as the profilin from pollen of the European chestnut.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 22 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: During the last few years Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) has been extensively used to detect minimal amounts of endotoxins of Gram-negative bacteria in products of the pharmaceutical industry, in food stuff, body fluids, house dust and room air. LAL is produced from cells of the haemolymph (amoebocytes) of the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus), which respond with an extremely sensitive clotting system upon contact with endotoxins. In this study we demonstrate by typical case history, positive skin test and ELISA the occurrence of Type I allergy to LAL in a patient suffering from conjunctivitis and rhinitis at work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The T cell reactivity to the major allergen of bee venom, phospholipase A2, has been thoroughly characterized. In contrast, only little is known about the human cellular response to major allergens from wasp venom.Objective To characterize the human T cell response to antigen 5 from Vespula vulgaris, Ves v 5.Methods Recombinant Ves v 5 was used to establish allergen-specific T cell lines (TCL) and T cell clones (TCC) from the peripheral blood of vespid-allergic and non-allergic individuals. Ves v 5-specific TCL were mapped for T cell epitopes using overlapping synthetic peptides representing the complete amino acid sequence of Ves v 5. Ves v 5-specific TCC were analysed for antigen-induced secretion of IL-4, IFN-γ and IL-10.Results Seventeen distinct T cell epitopes were recognized by allergic individuals among which Ves v 5181–192 was identified as a dominant T cell epitope. Partially different epitopes were observed in TCL from non-allergic subjects and the dominant epitope Ves v 5181–192 was not prevalent in these cultures. Ves v 5-specific TCC isolated from allergic individuals did not show the typical T helper type 2 (Th2)-like cytokine profile in response to specific stimulation, i.e. high amounts of IL-4 and low IFN-γ. TCC from non-allergic individuals showed a Th1-like cytokine pattern.Conclusions Our findings provide evidence that the allergic T cell response to Ves v 5 is not Th2-dominated and that different immunogenic sites on this major wasp venom allergen are recognized by allergic and non-allergic individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background and objective In previous studies we have generated mimotopes of Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen, by biopannings of phage-display random peptide libraries. In the present study, we analysed the humoral and cellular immune response to Bet v 1-mimotopes.Methods The mimotope CFPYCYPSESA, designated Bet mim 1, was used for intraperitoneal immunizations of BALB/c mice in phage-displayed form. For examination of the humoral immune response, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) experiments were applied. Stimulation capacities were investigated in cultured mouse splenocytes and in humoral Bet v 1-specific T cell clones.Results We demonstrated that the Bet mim 1-induced murine antibody response against Bet v 1 was predominated by the IgG1 isotype. In these mice only the phage-displayed mimotopes, but neither the allergen nor the synthetic Bet mim 1-mimotopes were able to stimulate proliferation of cultured splenocytes. Using Bet v 1-specific T cell clones of allergic patients, phage-displayed and synthetic mimotopes were unable to stimulate T cell proliferation. Moreover, tolerance induction to Bet v 1 in mice by intranasal administration of Bet mim 1-phages or Bet mim 1-peptide failed.Conclusion Taking these results together, our data indicate that Bet mim 1 mimics a Bet v 1-epitope on the B cell but not on the T cell level. We suggest that the phage itself is responsible for the recruitment of T cells providing bystander help in the formation of a mimotope-specific humoral response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background and Objective The mechanisms operative in specific immunotherapy (SIT) of Type I allergy are not completely understood. In the present study we evaluated immunological changes during SIT in pollinosis.Method Eight patients suffering from pollinosis (monosensitized to grass pollen) were treated with conventional SIT. All subjects had IgE specific for Phi p 1. a major allergen of timothy grass. In vitro changes in the immunological reactivity to grass pollen extract and to recombinant Phi p 1 were evaluated. Subjects were examined at three occasions: before, after 3 months and after I year of SIT.Results Serological analysis revealed a marked increase of grass pollen- and Phi p 1-specific IgG, titres of specific IgE did not change significantly. Lymphoproliferative responses to grass pollen extract and rPhl p 1 were reduced already after 3 months of treatment. Accordingly, the cloning efficiency for Ph1 p 1-specific T-cell clones (TCC) dropped markedly in all patients. The majority of allergen-specific TCC raised before SIT revealed a TH2-like pattern of cytokine production. TCC established after SIT revealed TH1 characteristics. This shift was due to a decrease in IL-4 rather than an increase in IFN-production by T cells. Investigations of the epitopes recognized by T cells before and after SIT did not reveal the outgrowth of new (ldquo;protecting”) specificities. We could not observe induction of allergen-speeific CD8+ lymphocytes (supressor cells).Conclusion Our data indicate that — on the level of TH lymphocytes — SIT induces tolerance to the allergen and a modulation of the cytokine pattern produced in response to allergen stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Animal hair/dander proteins frequently cause Type I hypersensitivities. Species-specific and broadly cross-reacting allergens have been characterized in the past.Methods Sera from eight individuals suffering from symptoms due to exposure to deer and deer-derived products were investigated by immunoblotting. Extracts from deer, dog, cat, horse, rabbit and cow, respectively, were tested for IgE-binding. To reveal cross-reactivities patients' sera were preadsorbed with these extracts prior to testing with deer extract.Results Deer allergens with the molecular mass of 22 and 25 kD (major allergens), as well as 60 kD were identified. The 22 and 25 kD allergens are cross-reactive with the corresponding cow allergens.Conclusions Deer allergy is a rare sensitization mainly affecting persons exposed to deer, who displayed an atopie disposition. From our results it can be assumed that this hypersensitivity is partly associated with allergy to cow dander.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background IgE antibodies specific for the major birch-pollen allergen, Bet v 1, cross-react with homologous allergens in particular foods, e.g. apples, carrots and hazelnuts. In a high number of tree pollen-allergic individuals, this cross-reactivity causes clinical symptoms, commonly known as the ‘birch-fruit-syndrome’.Objective To characterize the T cell response to the Bet v 1-related major allergen in hazelnuts, Cor a 1.04, and its cellular cross-reactivity with Bet v 1 and the homologous hazel pollen allergen, Cor a 1.Methods Using recombinant Cor a 1.04, T cell lines (TCL) and T cell clones (TCC) were established from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of tree pollen-allergic patients with associated food allergy. T cell epitopes were determined using overlapping synthetic peptides in Cor a 1.04-reactive TCL and TCC. In parallel, reactivity to Bet v 1 and Cor a 1 was tested.Results In total, 20 distinct T cell epitopes on the hazelnut allergen were identified. Several Cor a 1.04-specific TCL and TCC reacted with pollen allergens albeit less pronounced than with the hazelnut allergen. Several Cor a 1.04-specific TCC did not react with pollen allergens. Interestingly, these clones were found to react with the Bet v 1-related major allergen in carrots, Dau c 1. The cellular cross-reactivity between both food allergens could be associated with the most frequently recognized T cell epitope of Cor a 1.04, Cor a 1.04142–153.Conclusions The major hazelnut allergen cross-reacts with the major allergens of birch and hazel pollen but apparently contains a relevant T cell epitope not shared with pollen allergens. Our finding may have important implications for the specific immunotherapy of tree pollen-allergic patients suffering from concomitant hazelnut allergy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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