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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: CSF fistulae ; Dural lesions ; MR cisternography ; CT cisternography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to compare a new MRI method for detecting the existence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulae, i. e. MR cisternography, with CT cisternography. In a prospective study, 30 patients with post-traumatic CSF fistulae were examined. The MR examinations were performed with a 1.0-T whole-body MR system, using two T2*-weighted sequences, a 3D PSIF (time-inversed fast imaging with steady-state precession, FISP) and a 3D constructive interference steady-state (CISS) sequence. The results of MRI and CT cisternography were compared with the surgical findings. The sensitivity in detecting CSF fistulae with MR cisternography (PSIF: 89.9 %; CISS: 93.6 %) was higher than with CT cisternography (72.3 %). The sensitivity of CT cisternography at detecting CSF fistulae in patients with a size of dural lesion less than 2 mm or in patients with multiple dural lesions is significantly lower compared with the MR method. Although the localization of CSF fistulae always proved possible with MR cisternography, this could only be accomplished wih CT in 70 % of cases. The MR cisternography technique is a new examination method with a higher sensitivity for the detection of CSF fistulae than CT cisternography. The CISS technique is superior compared with PSIF and should be used in patients with high-flow CSF fistulas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 85 (1986), S. 3760-3769 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Lifetimes of matrix-isolated NH/ND(a 1Δ) radicals have been measured as function of temperature and rare gas host. The metastable species were generated directly by in situ photolysis of hydrazoic or isocyanic acid, or by pulsed excitation of the b 1Σ+ state with a dye laser, which subsequently decays to the a state on a μs time scale. Rotation of NH/ND in the electronic ground state is perturbed or inhibited by the second photofragment in the photolysis systems. The lifetimes of NH(a 1Δ) in Ne, Ar, and Kr show little temperature dependence. This is consistent with a radiationless contribution to the overall relaxation in which the energy gap to the next lower vibrational level of the ground state is accepted by guest rotation and/or other local modes. The strong temperature dependent decay of ND(a 1Δ) in Ar and Kr is due to endothermic near resonant relaxation to the sixth vibrational level of the ground state, with an activation energy in the order of the energy gap, and a frequency factor of 20±5 s−1. The relaxation mechanism of NH/ND(a 1Δ) in solid Xe is of a different nature, the data being consistent with a temperature dependent external heavy atom effect. A lower limit of 1.9 s has been deduced for the radiative lifetime of the (a 1Δ) state in vacuo, in reasonable agreement with a recent ab initio calculation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 47 (1992), S. 89-94 
    ISSN: 0584-8547
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The periodic table provides a classification of the chemical properties of the elements. But for the heaviest elements, the transactinides, this role of the periodic table reaches its limits because increasingly strong relativistic effects on the valence electron shells can induce deviations ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer prospektiven Fallstudie untersuchten wir die Frage, ob künstlich beatmete Patienten mit Hirnödem eine erhöhte Quote nosokomialer Pneumonien entwickeln, wenn sie eine hohe bzw. eine niedere Dosis von Barbituraten erhalten, als wenn sie ohne Barbiturate sediert werden. Die Untersuchung zeigte, daß sich nosokomiale Pneumonien innerhalb von sieben Tagen nach Beginn der Beatmung entwickelten, und daß die Quote signifikant höher lag bei der Gruppe der Patienten mit hoher Barbituratdosis (43,8%) gegenüber der Gruppe mit niedriger Barbituratdosis (21,4%) und der Kontrollgruppe ohne Barbituratapplikation (7,7%, p〈0,0181). Bei allen Pneumonie-Patienten war eine Kolonisation der Atemwege mit pathogenen Keimen der Infektion um vier Tage vorausgegangen. Unter der Barbiturat-Therapie erschien die 100%ige Kolonisation der Atemwege ein bis zwei Tage früher als bei der Kontrollgruppe. Letztere wurde nur zu 70% kolonisiert. Unterschiede sind für jeden der ersten sechs Tage nach der Hospitalisierung mit p〈0,0001 - 0,013 signifikant. Während in der Hochdosis-Gruppe sowohl die Kolonisation wie die Infektion der tiefen Atemwege hauptsächlich durch grampositive Erreger verursacht wurde, lag bei den Gruppen 2 und 3 meist eine Mischflora aus grampositiven und gramnegativen Erregern vor. Die hohe Pneumonierate von 43,8% in der Hochdosis-Gruppe verlangt in Zukunft nach einem regelmäßigen semiquantitativen Monitoring der ursächlichen Erreger und ihres Antibiogramms. Dies ermöglicht ein frühzeitiges Erkennen mit hoher Voraussagekraft einer sich entwickelnden nosokomialen Pneumonie aus der Gruppe der kolonisierten Patienten und den zeitgerechten Einsatz der geeigneten Antibiotika.
    Notes: Summary In a prospective case study we investigated whether the application of barbiturates in artificially ventilated patients with brain oedema has dose-dependent effects on the rate of nosocomial pneumonia. Pneumonia developed within the first seven days of controlled ventilation in patients receiving barbiturates; furthermore, the rate of nosocomial pneumonia was significantly higher in patients receiving barbiturates than in the control group without barbiturates (7.7%; p〈0.0181); thus a clear dose dependency was shown (high-dose group: 43.8%, low-dose group: 21.4%). In all patients with pneumonia, colonization of the respiratory tract with pathogenic organisms preceded the pulmonary infection by four days. Under barbiturate therapy colonization of the respiratory tract occurred in all patients and one or two days earlier than in the control group, in which only 70% of the patients were colonized. These differences were significant for each of the first six days after hospitalization (p〈0.0001 -0.013). While in the high-dose group both colonization and pneumonia were caused mainly by gram-positive pathogens, mixed gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens were isolated in groups 2 and 3. Thus the higher rate of pneumonia of 43.8% in the high-dose group suggests a need for regular and semiquantitative monitoring of the causative agents and their antibiogram. Such measures could lead to early recognition with high predictability of the development of nosocomial pneumonia in colonized patients, allowing for timely application of the most appropriate antibiotics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 311 (1965), S. 252-262 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromosoma 1 (1939), S. 317-335 
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Versuche zur Auslösung von Translokationen mittels Röntgenstrahlen verschiedener Dosen, verschiedener Härte und Intensität durchgeführt. 2. Es wurde die ci-Positionseffektmethode angewandt, die es ermöglicht, besonders einen der beiden bei jeder Translokation beteiligten Chromosomenbrüche ins Auge zu fassen. 3. Versuche mit harten Röntgenstrahlen ergaben eine direkte Proportionalität der Rate ausgelöster ci-Translokationen zu den Bestrahlungsdosen, woraus geschlossen werden kann, daß ein Chromosomenbruch durcheinen Treffer erzeugt wird. 4. Versuche mit verschiedenen Wellenlängen (harte Röntgenstrahlen und Grenzstrahlen) ergaben eine klare Wellenlängenunabhängigkeit. Es wird daraus geschlossen, daß ein Treffer eineIonisation darstellt. 5. Aus Zeitfaktorversuchen (Applikation gleicher Gesamtdosen in verschiedener Expositionsdauer) wurde festgestellt, daß eine Verdünnung der Dosis bis zu einem gewissen Grade die erzeugte Translokationsrate steigert. 6. In der Diskussion werden Erklärungen für die Ergebnisse der Zeitfaktorversuche gegeben und eine vorläufige Vorstellung über den Entstehungsmechanismus von Chromosomenmutationen entwickelt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 31 (1943), S. 23-23 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 37 (1997), S. 905-912 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Key words CT-angiography (CTA) • MR-angiography (MRA) • Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) • Intracranial aneurysms • Volume rendering technique (VRT) ; Schlüsselwörter CT-Angiographie (CTA) • MR-Angiographie (MRA) • DSA • Intrakranielle Aneurysmen • Volumen Rendering Technik (VRT)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Fragestellung: In einer klinischen Fallstudie wurden 35 Patienten mit intrakraniellen Aneurysmen mit CT-Angiographie (CTA), MR-Angiographie (MRA) und digitaler Subtraktionsangiographie (DSA) untersucht. Ziel der Studie war festzustellen, inwieweit nichtinvasive Verfahren in der Lage sind intrakranielle Aneurysmen nachzuweisen. Methodik: Die CT-Untersuchungen erfolgten mit einem Spiralscanner, die MR-Messungen mit einem 1.5 T Ganzkörpersystem. Die MR-Angiographien wurden in Time of Flight (TOF)- und Phasenkontrast (PC)-Technik durchgeführt. Die Nachverarbeitung erfolgte mit Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP), Oberflächen- und Volumenrendering (VRT) Technik. Die Ergebnisse wurden durch die intraoperativen Befunde bewertet. Ergebnisse: Aneurysmen bis 5 mm konnten am besten mit CTA und DSA nachgewiesen werden. Riesenaneurysmen waren am besten mit der CTA zu beurteilen. Volumenrendering stellte die beste Nachverarbeitungstechnik dar. Time of Flight MR-Angiographie war der Phasenkontrast Technik überlegen. Schlußfolgerung: Die CTA stellt die beste Methode dar, um Riesenaneurysmen zu beurteilen. Die gewählte Nachverarbeitungstechnik hat allerdings entscheidenden Einfluß auf die Ergebnisse.
    Notes: Purpose: In a clinical study 35 patients with intracranial aneurysms were examined using CT-angiography, MR-angiography (MRA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The aim of the study was to establish the ability of noninvasive techniques to detect intracranial aneurysms. Material and methods: The CT examinations were performed using a spiral CT scanner and the MR investigations with a 1.5 T whole body MR-system. We used for MR-angiography Time of Flight (TOF) and Phase Contrast (PC) techniques. For postprocessing reconstructions modalities Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP), Surface and Volume Rendering Technique (VRT) techniques were used. The results were evaluated by the intraoperative findings. Results: Aneurysms up to 5 mm could be detected best using CTA and DSA. Giant aneurysms could be evaluated best using CTA. Volume rendering technique was the most useful postprocessing procedure. MRA using Time of Flight was superior compared with MRA using PC technique. Conclusion: CTA is the best method to detect and to evaluate giant intracranial aneurysms. Nevertheless the reconstruction mode has a decisive influence on the results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Rheumatoid Arthritis ; Hand Deformities ; Ulnar Deviation ; Splints ; Prevention
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Seven patients with definite RA and bilateral ulnar deviation of Fearnley grade I were included in a study of the usefulness of noctural resting splints. Each patient used the splint on average 17 months on one hand, randomly chosen, with the free hand as control. Joint mobility, grip strength, pain and radiographic findings were recorded at start and finish of the study. Splint treatment influenced grip strength positively, and most patients stated pain relief during the night. However, all but one patient showed progression of ulnar deviation in both hands, and there was no significant difference in progression between treated and nontreated hands. This study thus supported the use of resting splints at night for pain relief but not for prevention of ulnar deviation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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