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  • 1
    ISSN: 1431-4630
    Keywords: Key Words Cooked food mutagen ; Salmonella/reversion assay ; Cytochrome P-450 ; Structure-activity relationship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Nine naphthoquinones, 19 anthraquinones, and nine structurally related monoketonic compounds such as anthrone, xanthone, etc., inhibited mutagenicity induced by 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 in the presence of rat liver S9 with distinct structure-activity relationships. A carbonyl function was a prerequisite for antimutagenicity while, in general, anthraquinones (IC50 values: 2.3–〉213 nmol/ml top agar) were more potent antimutagens than structurally related monoketonic compounds (IC50 values: 25.3–94.9 nmol/ml top agar) and naphthoquinones (IC50 values: 3.7–90.7 nmol/ml top agar). The parent compounds and methyl substituted derivatives were already the most potent while introduction of polar substituents such as COOH and SO3H considerably reduced antimutagenicity. Introduction of OH functions had equivocal effects: with increasing numbers, antimutagenic potencies were concomitantly reduced; however, anthraflavic acid, chrysazin, quinizarin, and especially 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone were more potent than the parent compounds. The patterns of inhibition by quinones of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activities in rat liver microsomes, linked to cytochrome P-450-dependent oxidation of IQ to N-hydroxy-IQ (N-OH-IQ), were in general identical with those obtained in the Salmonella/reversion assay except for chrysophanic acid, emodin, and some naphthoquinones which were very potent in this assay (IC50: 0.20–45.0 μM). On the other hand, mutagenicity of N-OH-IQ in S. typhimurium TA 98NR was not inhibited by nonpolar quinones (except 1,4-naphthoquinone) but rather by polar compounds and especially by hydroxyquinones (IC50 values: 5.3–106.7 nmol/ml top agar or not reached). Inhibition of mutagenic activities of IQ, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline, 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3′,2′-d]imidazole, and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole by chrysazin, chrysophanic acid, physicon, and purpurin varied, but no clearcut structure-activity relationships of the mutagens were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words Mouse bone-marrow micronucleus test  ; Herbicides ; Atrazine ; Trifluraline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The herbicides alachlor, atrazine, terbuthylazine, gluphosinate-ammonium, isoproturon, pendimethaline and trifluralin were tested for genotoxicity in the mouse bone-marrow micronucleus test (MNT). Both atrazine and trifluraline caused a significant increase in the number of micronuclei at doses of 1400 mg/kg body weight in female mice only. Alachlor, terbuthylazine, gluphosinate-ammonium, isoproturon and pendimethaline did not have any genotoxic effect in the mouse bone-marrow micronucleus test in either female or male animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 222 (1981), S. 1-12 
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Lipids and Lipid Metabolism 1002 (1989), S. 37-44 
    ISSN: 0005-2760
    Keywords: (Clostridium sp.) ; Bile acid transformation ; Chenodeoxycholic acid ; Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ; Ursodeoxycholic acid
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Lipids and Lipid Metabolism 1004 (1989), S. 230-238 
    ISSN: 0005-2760
    Keywords: (Ps. productus) ; Bile acid transformation ; Enzyme characterization ; Epimerization ; NAD(P) dependent hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Lipids and Lipid Metabolism 962 (1988), S. 362-370 
    ISSN: 0005-2760
    Keywords: (C. paraputrificum) ; 12β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ; Bile acid ; Epimerization
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0278-6915
    Keywords: [abr] DMSO; dimethyl sulfoxide ; [abr] Glu-P-1; 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a]:3',2'-d]imidazole ; [abr] IQ; 2-amino-3-methyl[4,5-f]quinoline ; [abr] MeIQ; 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline ; [abr] MeIQx; 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline ; [abr] PhIP; 2-Pamino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine ; [abr] Trp-P-1; 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole ; [abr] Trp-P-23-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 287 (1993), S. 261-274 
    ISSN: 0027-5107
    Keywords: Antimutagenicity ; Chalcones ; Cooked food mutagens ; Flavonoid ; Salmonella/reversion assay
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 21 (1984), S. 413-420 
    ISSN: 0022-4731
    Keywords: Chenodeoxycholic acid, 3α,7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid ; apocholic acid, 3α,12α-dihydroxy-5β-chol-8,14-en-24-oic acid ; cholic acid, 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid ; deoxycholic acid, 3α,12α-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid ; hyodeoxycholic acid, 3α,6α-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid ; ursocholic acid, 3α,7β,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid ; ursodeoxycholic acid, 3α,7β-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 26 (1987), S. 143-157 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Colonkrebs ; Epidemiologie ; Ernährung ; Ätiologie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Colon cancer is one of the most frequent forms of cancer in the Federal Republic of Germany and in most Western countries, but is, however, generally rare in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Based on epidemiological investigations, differing dietary practices are considered to be main reason for these differences. A high fat and protein consumption was identified as a risk factor, while a high fibre content of the diet was found to be protective. Existing hypotheses of the etiology of colon cancer, which are based on the two-stage initiation-promotion model, regard interactions between initiators, promotors, and inhibitors as decisive for the final outcome of colon cancer. Possible initiators are pyrolysis products of protein-rich food (meat or fish), generated by heating, and products of metabolism of intestinal bacteria (e.g. faecal mutagens, N-nitroso compounds, transformation products of bile acids). Fats probably exert their influence only at the promotional stage. The diet-dependent bacterial formation of deoxycholic and lithocholic acids is a possible mechanism which has been experimentally substantiated. The protective effect of a diet rich in fibre seems to be mediated in particular by dilution and adsorption of harmful compounds. Further protective factors in human diet may be calcium, selenium, vitamin A and β-carotene. In this paper, evidence, both supporting and refuting the existing hypotheses, is discussed, as well as the possibilities of dietary prevention of colon cancer.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Colonkrebs ist eine der häufigsten Krebserkrankungen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und in den meisten westlichen Ländern, in Afrika, Asien und Lateinamerika jedoch gewöhnlich selten. Aufgrund epidemiologischer Untersuchungen sind verschiedenartige Ernährungsgewohnheiten die Hauptursache für diese Unterschiede. Ein hoher Fett- und Eiweißkonsum wurde als Risikofaktor erkannt, während ein hoher Ballaststoffgehalt der Nahrung sich als protektiv erwies. Die existierenden Hypothesen zur Ätiologie des Colonkrebses, die vom „Zwei-Stufen-Initiations-Promotionsmodell“ ausgehen, betrachten das Wechselspiel der Einwirkung von Initiatoren, Promotoren und Inhibitoren als entscheidend für die Realisierung des Colonkrebses. Als Initiatoren kommen Pyrolyseprodukte in Frage, die beim Erhitzen proteinreicher Lebensmittel (Fleisch, Fisch) entstehen, sowie Stoffwechselprodukte von Darmbakterien (fäkale Mutagene, N-Nitrosoverbindungen, Transformationsprodukte von Gallensäuren). Fette wirken wahrscheinlich nur auf der Promotionsebene ein. Die ernährungsabhängige bakterielle Bildung der Desoxy- und Lithocholsäure ist ein möglicher, experimentell belegter Mechanismus. Der Schutzeffekt einer ballaststoffreichen Ernährung dürfte insbesondere auf einer Verdünnung und Adsorption von Schadstoffen beruhen. Als weitere protektive Faktoren der menschlichen Nahrung gelten Calcium, Vitamin A, β-Carotin und Selen. In dieser Arbeit werden die Belege diskutiert, die den existierenden Hypothesen zugrunde liegen, und die Möglichkeiten zur diätetischen Prävention des Colonkrebses erörtert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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