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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Transportepithel am Ventraltubus verschiedener Collembolen-Arten —Podura aquatica, Lepidocyrtus ruber, Sminthurides aquaticus undTomocerus vulgaris — wurde auf salinitÄtsabhÄngige VerÄnderungen der Feinstruktur hin untersucht. Als Beispiel langfristiger Adaptation wurdePodura aquatica aus zwei Populationen von Salzlaken des Neusiedlersee-Gebietes mitLepidocyrtus ruber aus dem Supralitoral der Mittelmeerküste der Insel Elba/Italien verglichen. Die Tiere von stark salzhaltigem Substrat zeigten eine Rückbildung der für Transportepithelien typischen Strukturen, in erster Linie eine Reduzierung des apikalen Faltensaumes und der Mitochondriendichte. Auf einer Salzlake geringerer SalinitÄt ergab sich fürPodura aquatica eine Feinstruktur, die der unter Normalbedingungen nahekommt. Für die Beispiele kurzfristiger Adaptation —Sminthurides aquaticus, Tomocerus vulgaris — erwies sich von der Feinstruktur her der apikale Faltensaum als der Ort grö\ter SensibilitÄt gegenüber stÄrkeren SalinitÄtsschwankungen. Bei 100 mOsm Meersalz-, bzw. 250, 500 und 1000 mOsm NaCl-Lösung verkürzte sich der Faltensaum, die Faltendichte wurde geringer und unregelmÄ−Biger, teilweise kam es zu völligem Schwund. Anstelle des Faltensaumes traten auch verstÄrkt Invaginationen der apikalen Zellmembran auf, vielfach stapelartig geschichtet oder parallel zur Cuticula. Dies wird im Sinne eines Isolationsmechanismus gedeutet. Keine me\baren VerÄnderungen ergaben sich für die Mitochondriendichte und die Ausdehnung des basalen Labyrinths. Der Vergleich mit den Chloridzellen bzw. Chloridepithelien aquatischer Insekten legt nahe, da\ die Ionenaufnahme durch Variation der resorptiven OberflÄche gesteuert wird.
    Notes: Summary The transporting epithelium in the ventral tube of some Collembola-Species —Podura aquatica, Lepidocyrtus ruber, Sminthurides aquaticus andTomocerus vulgaris — was examined about any finestructural changes caused by different salinities.Podura aquatica was compared by two populations from periodic salt lakes in the “Neusiedler-lake-region” withLepidocyrtus ruber from the supralitoral of the middle-sea coast on the isle of Elba/Italy, as an example for longtime adaptation. In the animals from a highly saline substrate the typical structures of transporting epithelia were reduced: most of all the apical folded border and the number of mitochondria. Living on a periodic salt lake of lower salinityPodura aquatica showed a fine structure similar to that discovered under normal conditions. InSminthurides aquaticus andTomocerus vulgaris, as examples of short time adaptation, the apical folded border of the transporting epithelium revealed as the most sensible structure against stronger changes of salinity. At 100 mOsm sea salt-, respectively 250, 500 and 1000 mOsm NaCl-solution the folded border was shortened, the fold number was diminuated and more irregular and partly the folded border had completely disappeared. More invaginations of the apical cell membrane were found instead. Often they were seen lying parallel to the cuticle. Thus they are interpreted to function as an isolatory mechanism. As for the abundance of mitochondria and the expansion of the basal labyrinth no regular measurable changes could be found. A comparison with the chloride cells respectively chloride epithelia of aquatic insects points out that the uptake of ions is probably regulated by variation of the resorptive surface beneath the cuticle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 198 (1998), S. 109-116 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: agro-ecosystem ; biomonitoring ; decomposition ; extraction ; minicontainer ; Nematoda
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The minicontainer-method is a new method developed to study biological processes related to soil litter decomposition. An adaptation of the classical Baermann-funnel technique is described which can be used, in association with the minicontainer method, to investigate the role of Nematoda in litter decomposition. The use of the extraction method is illustrated in a study of the effects of different tillage systems on the decomposition of rye straw and on the nematode density in minicontainers with different mesh sizes of 20 µm, 500 µm and 2 mm. Three tilled plots (conventional deep plough, cultivator and two-layer plough) and an untilled control were compared after periods of 4 weeks and 38 weeks. On both sample dates there were significant main effects of treatment and mesh size on the nematode density, and additionally, after 38 weeks significant treatment x soil depth interactions. After 4 weeks, there were significant main effects of treatment and soil depth on the decomposition, but no mesh size effects, whereas after 38 weeks, all experimental factors had a significant effect on the decomposition of the straw. Due to the small volume of litter substrate used in the minicontainer method, the efficiency of nematode extraction is high and the lack of oxygen in the minicontainers presents no serious problem during the extraction process. The method also allows the simultaneous extraction of a large number of samples within a short period of time. Our results indicate that the method is suitable to study the microdistribution of nematode activity within the soil profile and improves the possible applications of the minicontainer-method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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