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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of human and rabbit platelet aggregation by chlorophenoxyacid herbicides (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 65 (1991), S. 140-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Chlorophenoxyacids ; Herbicides ; Platelet aggregation ; Human ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Inhibition of human platelet aggregation by eight chlorophenoxyacid herbicides was studied in vitro. Thrombocyte aggregation in the platelet-rich plasma was induced by 1.0–32.0 μM adenosine diphosphate (ADP), 0.32–32.0 μM adrenaline or 7.5–30.0 μg/ml collagen with and without chlorophenoxyacid (0.05–2.0 mg/ml). Platelet aggregation by each inducer was inhibited dose dependently by all the eight chlorophenoxyacids at concentrations between 0.1 and 2.0 mg/ml. Increasing the concentrations of ADP and collagen but not of adrenaline inhibited the antiaggregatory action of chlorophenoxy-acids. No essential differences in inhibitory effect were found between different chlorophenoxyacids varying in respect of their ring substituents and the length of the carboxylic side chain. In the platelet-rich plasma prepared from rabbits 2.5 h after subcutaneous injection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy-acetic acid (100–150 mg/kg), platelet aggregation by ADP was inhibited 20–30%, compared to plasma taken from the rabbits before the chlorophenoxyacid treatment. The inhibition had disappeared by 20–23 h after administration. The results indicate that chlorophenoxyacid herbicides inhibit human platelet aggregation. Furthermore, the inhibition is probably involved in haemorrhages known to occur in various tissues of animals intoxicated by chlorophenoxyacid herbicides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02034941
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of three common chlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicides into the rat brain (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 64 (1990), S. 61-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Chlorophenoxy acids ; Herbicides ; Pesticides ; Blood-brain barrier ; Protein binding ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of three common14C-labelled chlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicides (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or 2,4-D, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid or MCPA, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid or 2,4,5-T) into the different brain areas was studied in rats pretreated with toxic doses of the herbicides (238–475 mg/ kg). Also, their binding to proteins in rat plasma was determined in vitro by increasing the concentrations of chlorophenoxyacetic acids in the incubate from 0 to 1 mg/ml. Both 2,4-D and MCPA pretreatments increased brain concentrations of14C-labelled herbicides more markedly than 2,4,5-T pretreatments did. No essential differences were found in the distribution between the different brain areas. Protein-unbound fractions of 2,4-D and MCPA in the plasma were clearly higher than those of 2,4,5-T but the highest herbicide concentration increased the protein-unbound fraction of 2,4,5-T more (7-13-fold) than of 2,4-D and MCPA (5-fold). The results suggest that the greater increase in the penetration into the brain of 2,4-D and MCPA than of 2,4,5-T during their intoxication is due to some factors other than the changes in their binding to plasma proteins and mere enhanced diffusion through the blood-brain barrier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01973378
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on biogenic amines and their acidic metabolites in brain and cerebrospinal fluid of rats (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 63 (1989), S. 127-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ; Biogenic amines ; Brain ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Effects of single subcutaneous doses of sodium 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D-Na) on biogenic amines and their acidic metabolites in rat brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography. After 200 mg/kg 2,4-D-Na, the cerebral concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was increased slightly and that of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) roughly 3-fold between 1 and 8 h after the administration. There was also a tendency towards slightly lowered dopamine (DA) levels. No statistically significant changes in brain concentrations of noradrenaline (NA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA) or tryptophan (TRY) were found. At the same time, however, the maximal increase in DOPAC, HVA and 5-HIAA concentrations in the CSF was 2.3–5.8-fold. The dependency of biogenic amines and metabolites on 2,4-D-Na dose was studied by injecting s.c. 0, 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg and sacrificing the rats at 2 h. In the brain, there was a dose-dependent increase in concentrations of 5-HIAA (at the two highest doses) and HVA (at the highest dose) while in the CSF those of all three acidic metabolites increased at the two highest doses. The 10 mg/kg dose had no effect. The results agree with the hypothesis that 2,4-D inhibits the organic acid transport out of the brain, which should then result in increased cerebral levels of acidic metabolites of biogenic amines, but it may also have effects on the activity of serotoninergic and dopaminergic neurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316434
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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