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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. S7 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Acute aneurysmal surgery ; cerebral infarction ; cerebral vasospasm ; computed tomography ; subarachnoid haemorrhage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to predict the occurrence of cerebral infarction after aneurysmal surgery in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage, we measured the amount of subarachnoid blood on initial and on post-operative computed tomograms. We used a reliable grading method to estimate the amount of blood on computed tomograms in 24 patients with infarction due to vasospasm and 45 patients without cerebral infarction, all of whom underwent aneurysmal surgery within 48 hours after the ictus. The total amount of subarachnoid blood on admission and on the day after operation was more in the cerebral infarction group than in the non-infarction group. The clearance rate of subarachnoid blood by surgery was lower in patients with cerebral infarction than in patients without infarction and the predominant site of subarachnoid blood corresponded with the site of the infarct. Of 24 patients with cerebral infarction, 22 (92%) belonged to the group whose initial total blood score was more than 10 on admission and whose clearance rate by surgery was less than 50%. Therefore, we propose this range to be an indication for the occurrence of cerebral infarction in postoperative patients due to cerebral vasospasm. The presence of intracerebral haematoma and the amount of ventricular blood and their clearance by surgery were also estimated for the prediction of delayed cerebral infarction after aneurysmal surgery. However, they had no relation to the occurrence of cerebral infarction due to vasospasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Brain tumour ; PDGF-B ; platelet factor 4 ; tumour marker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma concentration of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B chain and the plasma platelet factor 4 (PF4) levels were measured in 17 healthy controls and 55 brain tumour patients. In the 17 normal controls, the plasma PDGF-B and PF4 levels were 523 ± 157 pg/ml (mean ± SD) and 84 ± 37 ng/ml, respectively. In the brain tumour patients, these values were 881 ± 854 pg/ml and 93 ± 64 ng/ml, respectively. The plasma PDGF-B concentration was elevated above the upper limit of normal individuals in 12 (22%) of the 55 patients. However, since the corresponding PF4 levels suggested the platelet activation, the increased plasma PDGF-B may have originated from platelets. To address this, platelet releasing experiments were performed on citrated blood samples from 5 normal individuals. The plasma PDGF-B and PF4 levels from the 17 normal controls and those observed in the platelet releasing experiments correlated with a regression line of Y = 240 + 4.86X (Y: PDGF, X: PF4). There were only 6 (11%) patients whose plasma PDGF-B level was elevated above the 95% confidence limit estimated from the corresponding PF4 value. In these patients, the tumour volumes were extensively large, and those elevated PDGF-B values decreased after treatment and became elevated again in three patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Although the plasma tumour-derived PDGF-B was detected only in an extensively large brain tumour, it might be a useful plasma marker evaluating the effects of therapy and prognosis in such patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 140 (1998), S. 411-416 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Vasa vasorum; intracranial artery; atherosclerosis; intramural haemorrhage.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Most of the major extracranial arteries have vasa vasorum which play an important role in some pathological conditions. However, in the intracranial arteries, the existence of vasa vasorum and their pathological implication have not been adequately investigated. We examined the distribution and incidence of vasa vasorum in the major cerebral arteries and their relationships to certain clinical factors in 50 autopsy cases performed between 1987 and 1994. By light microscopy, vasa vasorum were found in 36 of 50 patients. Of 36 patients, vasa vasorum in 30 cases were localizedly observed in the tunica adventitia and the in other 6 were distributed in the tunica media accompanied by intramural haemorrhage. Existence of vasa vasorum was more common in the proximal arteries (vertebral, internal carotid, and basilar arteries) than in the distal arteries (middle cerebral and anterior cerebral arteries). Vasa vasorum were found more frequently in aged patients with severe atherosclerosis and those with cerebrovascular diseases. Our results indicated that intracranial vasa vasorum existed with a higher frequency in the tunica adventitia of the vertebral and internal cerebral arteries, and the incidence of vasa vasorum related to severity of atherosclerosis. The development of vasa vasorum in the tunica media may reflect some pathological changes of cerebral arteries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Acute subarachnoid haemorrhage; sympathetic nerve activity; intracranial pressure; cerebral blood flow; α-blockers.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  We investigated the changes in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) with or without increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) in the acute stage of experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). ICP was increased or controlled by rapid or slow injection of blood and saline, and the effect of an α-blocker, phentolamine, was also investigated in each condition. Following marked increase in ICP induced by rapid injection of blood or saline, increase in intracranial and general SNA and decrease in CBF were observed. Both changes were significantly decreased in magnitude by prior administration of phentolamine. When increase in ICP was not induced, by slow injection of blood, both SNA and CBF decreased, and these changes were alleviated by phentolamine. However, when increase in ICP was not induced by saline, neither SNA nor CBF significantly changed. These findings suggest that marked increase in ICP is the primary cause of the pathological changes occurring immediately after SAH, and that the decrease in CBF in mild SAH without increase in ICP is caused by blood itself. Administration of an α-blocker may be effective in improving the abnormal sympathetic nervous system induced by marked increase in ICP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Anti-phospholipid antibodies ; platelet-activating factor ; PAF-acetylhydrolase ; subarachnoid haemorrhage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study was to measure plasma platelet-activating factor (PAF) concentration, PAF-acetylhydrolase activities, anti-phospholipid antibody (aPLs) titers, and platelet function in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and to assess the association of these variables with the development of cerebral vasospasm. Thirty-two patients with SAH due to ruptured cerebral aneurysm were studied. Plasma PAF concentration, PAF-acetylhydrolase activity, platelet count and aggregability, and plasma factor 4 (PF 4) concentrations were measured regularly until approximately 2 weeks after SAH. aPLs, including lupus anticoagulant and anti-cardiolipin IgG and IgM were measured within 3 days after SAH. Plasma PAF concentration in patients with SAH showed the highest value on the occasion during 5 to 9 days after SAH. The concentrations were higher in patients with infarction due to vasospasm than in patients without cerebral infarction on any occasions after SAH. Plasma PAF-acetylhydrolase activities did not change in patients, regardless of the presence of cerebral infarction after SAH. Increased platelet consumption and aggregability and higher concentrations of PF 4 were detected in patients with cerebral infarction and not in patients without cerebral infarction. The patients with cerebral infarction due to cerebral vasospasm had aPLs more frequently than the control volunteers. Our findings indicate that increased plasma PAF and aPLs may contribute to the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm after SAH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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