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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone reduces the number of microinfarctions in the rabbit brain cortex (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 124 (1999), S. 271-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Brain ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Microemboli ; Microischemia ; N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Dementia due to cerebral ischemic lesions is relatively common in the elderly. Since many of these lesions are probably caused by emboli, studying emboli-induced cerebral lesions in rabbits should, hopefully, provide information that is useful when searching for a means of preventing and treating vascular dementia in humans. Using magnetic resonance imaging we have found that N-tert-butyl-α-phenyl-nitrone (a free radical scavenger) reduced the number of emboli-induced cerebral microinfarctions in the rabbit cortex but did not have any impact on the number of infarctions found in the subcortical structures. The results suggest that significant amount of free radicals are produced in the ischemic foci located in the cortex, but not in the ischemic foci located in the subcortical structures. This finding may be of importance when considering treatments for cerebral ischemia in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050622
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal changes of pinosylvin distribution in the sapwood/heartwood boundary of Pinus sylvestris (1999)
    Springer
    Trees 14 (1999), S. 65-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0931-1890
    Keywords: Key words FT-(NIR) Raman spectroscopy ; Heartwood formation ; Scots pine ; Stilbene ; Transition zone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Changes in pinosylvin concentration and distribution across the sapwood/heartwood boundary were studied on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) tree stems to detect seasonal activity in heartwood formation. Pinosylvin concentrations were measured with FT-(NIR) Raman spectroscopy for a total of 96 trees equally distributed on 16 different sampling occasions. In another experiment, cores were sampled every month from six individual Scots pine trees from June to October and analysed for pinosylvin. There was a great between-tree variation in concentration and spatial distribution of pinosylvin. No seasonal trend in the distribution pattern or concentration of pinosylvin was found. Therefore, the results indicate that there is no specific period during the year when heartwood is formed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00009754
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Molecular Genetic Approach to the Identification of Genes Expressed Predominantly in the Neuroendocrine and Immune Systems (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Immunological reviews 100 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.1987.tb00535.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internal rotation in octafluorotoluene. A variable temperature carbon-13 spin-lattice relaxation study (1979)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 83 (1979), S. 2044-2047 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100478a024
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of nitrate reductase in needles of Scots pine seedlings by NOX and NO3− (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 70 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The possibility to induce nitrate reductase (NR; EC 1.6.6.2) in needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings was studied. The NR activity was measured by an in vivo assay. Although increased NR activities were found in the roots after application of NO3−, no such increase could be detected in the needles. Detached seedlings placed in NO3− solution showed increasing NR activities with increasing NO3− concentrations. Exposure of seedlings to NOx (70–80 ppb NO2 and 8–12ppb NO) resulted in an increase of the NR activity from 10–20 nmol NO2− (g fresh weight)−1 h−1 to about 400 nmol NO2− (g fresh weight)−1 h−1. This level was reached after 2–4 days of exposure, thereafter the NR activity decreased to about 200 nmol NO2− (g fresh weight)−1 h−1. Analyses of free amino acids showed low concentrations of arginine and glutamine in NOx-fumigated seedlings compared to corresponding controls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1987.tb02835.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Fertilization and Irrigation on the Seasonal Changes of Carbohydrate Reserves in Different Age-Classes of Needle on 20-Year-Old Scots Pine Trees (Pinus silvestris) (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 45 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of fertilization, irrigation or both on the seasonal changes of starch and soluble carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, myo-inositol, pinitol and sucrose) in needles of 20-year-old Scots pine trees (Pinus silvestris L.) were studied during three consecutive years. The starch content of the mature needles increased during spring and early summer to about 25% of dry weight. Neither fertilization nor irrigation affected the general pattern of starch accumulation during the spring. The starch reserves were mobilized when the shoot started to grow. Starch content decreased more rapidly in needles from fertilized than in those from unfertilized trees. The current needles from the control trees accumulated starch while they were still growing. The current needles of the fertilized trees did so to a lesser extent. The amount of starch was closely correlated to the air temperature and to the growth rate. Large amounts were found at low temperatures and low growth rates.The concentrations of soluble carbohydrates showed the well-known seasonal variation, with the highest value during the winter. The levels of sugars were nearly similar, irrespective of fertilization. An exception was sucrose, which was found in small quantities in needles from fertilized plots. Small amounts of sucrose were also found in growing current needles.The results are discussed in relation to growth limitation by assimilate availability and indicate that the ‘sink demand’ is the limiting factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1979.tb01700.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of bud removal in Scots pine (Pinus silvestris) seedlings (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 51 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: One- and two-“year”-old seedlings of Pinus silvestris L., from which the buds had been removed, were studied for five weeks during the second and third growth period, respectively. Intact seedlings were used as controls. The seedlings were cultivated under controlled conditions in a climate chamber. The growth of the seedlings was determined and the one-“year”-old needles assayed for changes in net photosynthesis and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase activity and in the levels of protein, Kjeldahl nitrogen, chlorophyll and starch.In the control the carboxylase activity and the content of protein, Kjeldahl nitrogen and starch in the needles increased in the beginning of the “summer” and decreased during the shoot growth period. The starch content was higher after bud removal (decapitation), since the carbohydrate could not be utilized for the growth of the new shoot. Decapitation did not affect the growth rate of the roots.The content of Kjeldahl nitrogen and total and soluble protein in the needles was higher in the decapitated seedlings during the period of shoot elongation in the control. Total nitrogen, but not protein, reached high levels, indicating accumulation of non-protein compounds. The general course of the chlorophyll pattern was not affected. Higher ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase activity than in the control was observed in the later part of the experimental periods. The higher levels of protein and nitrogen as well as of carboxylase activity after decapitation support the interpretation that soluble protein, including the carboxylase, and possibly other nitrogen compounds in the older needles are used for growth of the shoot. The loss of protein and nitrogen and of carboxylase activity in the control did not seem to be due to mineral deficiency in the substrate.Despite higher levels of carboxylase activity and similar chlorophyll concentrations, light-saturated net photosynthesis was lower after decapitation. The ratio between photosynthesis and photorespiration was not affected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1981.tb02696.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal Changes in Translocation of 14C from Different Age-Classes of Needles on 20-Year-Old Scots Pine Trees (Pinus silvestris) (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 43 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Needles of 20-year-old Scots pine trees (Pinus silvestris L.) were permitted to photoassimilate 14CO2 for 1 h on different dates during the growing season. The loss of radioactivity from current, 1-year-old, and 2-year-old needles was followed, and the translocation of photoassimilated 14CO2 from older needle age-classes to the elongating new needles studied. The effects of good mineral and water supply on translocation were also considered.In the spring, 1-year-old and 2-year-old needles accumulated 14C. These reserves, together with current photosynthate, were utilized when the trees started growing. The 1-year-old needles exported 14C to the current needles during the first weeks of elongation of the later, while no such translocation occurred from the 2-year-old needles. Removal of the 1-year-old needles resulted in translocation of assimilates from the 2-year-old needles to the current needles. The general pattern of translocation observed in the control trees was not changed when the trees were fertilized and irrigated.The new needles started to export assimilates in the middle of July when the photosynthetic rate per needle was comparable with that of the older age-classes. This occurred about 4 weeks after positive net photosynthesis was first measured for the current shoot. The current needles of trees with good nutrient and water supply seemed to become self-sufficient in photoassimilates earlier than the current needles of the control trees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1978.tb01593.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineral nutrient imbalances and arginine concentrations in needles of Picea abies (L.) Karst. from two areas with different levels of airborne deposition (1993)
    Springer
    Trees 8 (1993), S. 67-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Nitrogen saturation ; Forest decline ; Norway spruce ; Mineral nutrient ratio ; Survey method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary This study evaluated the utility of free arginine concentrations as a possible alternative to mineral nutrient concentrations as an indicator of mineral nutrient imbalances in Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]. The concentrations of mineral nutrients and arginine were measured in the needles of spruce trees from two areas in Sweden, one with high (15–30 kg ha–1 year–1) airborne N deposition, and one with lower (1–4 kg ha–1 year–1) deposition. The spruce needles from the area with high deposition in southern Sweden had elevated concentrations of free arginine, especially on peat sites. No increase in concentrations was found in the low deposition area in northern Sweden. The arginine concentrations on different sampling occasions were consistent for each site and for individual trees. Trees on peat sites in the south seemed to suffer from P deficiency in relation to N availability. A tendency for K deficiency in needles from peat sites was also found. Needles from trees on mor plots showed acceptable levels of these nutrient elements. Sites in the northern area showed low N concentrations, but the ratios between the different mineral elements analyzed in this study and N were within ranges normally found. A low P/N ratio correlated to high free arginine concentration. The threshold for elevated arginine concentrations is crossed when P/N ratios drop below 0.07–0.08. A tendency for increased arginine levels when ratios between N and the other mineral elements are low was also found, although it was not as strong as that for the P/N ratio. The results are discussed in relation to mineral nutrient imbalances in spruce stands caused by airborne deposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197683
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applications of mineral nutrients to heavily N-fertilized Scots pine trees: Effects on arginine and mineral nutrient concentrations (1996)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 184 (1996), S. 57-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: amino acids ; arginine ; fertilization ; mineral nutrients ; nitrogen ; nitrogen deposition ; Pinus sylvestris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the investigation was to study if improved nutrient status in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L) trees would be reflected in decreased concentrations of arginine in the needles. The studies trees had imbalanced mineral nutrient composition and elevated needle arginine concentrations caused by long-term fertilization with N. Concentrations of arginine and mineral nutrients in needles were followed over three consecutive years of additional fertilization with N alone or with P, K, Mg and micronutrients in combination with and without N. Analysis of needle mineral concentrations suggested that there were deficiencies only in K and Mg. The N concentration increased both in trees fertilized with N alone and in trees fertilized with N in combination with mineral nutrients. In the control treatment and in trees fertilized with mineral nutrients other than N the N concentration remained fairly constant. The highest Ca/N, K/N and P/N ratios were found in trees fertilized with mineral nutrients other than N while the lowest ratios were found in trees fertilized with N alone. Arginine concentrations in needles from trees fertilized with N alone remained at a high level throughout the experiment while arginine concentrations in trees given the other treatments decreased. The results show that the mineral nutrient balance can be improved with appropriate fertilization and that this improvement is reflected in decreasing arginine levels. Furthermore the study demonstrates that when N supply is reduced the arginine concentration also decreases also as an effect of reduced N supply per se. The study also indicates that arginine may be a better measure of the N status in pine trees than total N.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029274
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