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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling with pancuronium (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 243-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: pancuronium ; neuromuscular relaxants ; simultaneous modelling ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pancuronium were studied following intravenous infusion in eleven patients undergoing surgical anaesthesia. Measurement of the plasma concentrations (Cp) of the neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) and the concomitant intensities of paralysis allowed their simultaneous modelling. The pharmacokinetic parameters derived for pancuronium were in the range of previously reported values, except that the mean total systemic plasma clearance (0.79±0.28 ml·min−1·kg−1) was reduced and the mean terminal phase half-life (169 min) was longer in these patients. Plasma concentration and % paralysis data were successfully fitted to a previously proposed pharmacodynamic model. This model assumes a separate effect compartment which exchanges drug directly with the central kinetic compartment (integrated effect model). The ‘steady-state’ Cp necessary to produce 50% paralysis (ECpss(50)) was estimated to be 0.21±0.08 µg·ml−1 (mechanical response) and 0.18±0.05 µg·ml−1 (EMG response). An analysis using the Hill equation of the Cp-response relationship, during and after the constantrate infusion of pancuronium bromide, resulted in effective plasma concentrations for 50% paralysis (ECp50) of 0.35±0.06 µg·ml−1 and 0.20±0.09 µg·ml−1, respectively, for mechanical twitch response. The corresponding values for EMG response were 0.32±0.06 µg·ml−1 and 0.17±0.06 µg·ml−1. Using this latter approach, the ECp50 estimated during onset of paralysis was significantly higher than that estimated during offset of paralysis (p〈0.05); no such difference was apparent between this latter parameter and the ECpss(50) of the integrated effect model (p〉0.05). No significant differences were observed between any of the pharmacodynamic parameter estimates generated from the data obtained from the two methods of assessment of neuromuscular function (mechanical vs. EMG response) (p〉0.05).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00630293
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systemic availability of orally administered L-dopa in the elderly Parkinsonian patient (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 17 (1980), S. 215-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: L-dopa ; elderly ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous studies have suggested that the absorption of L-dopa in the elderly Parkinsonian patient might be unusually efficient. In the present investigation, the systemic availability of L-dopa was examined in 5 elderly Parkinsonian patients (mean age=77 years) and 6 young, healthy volunteers (mean age=26 years) following a single oral 300 mg dose of L-dopa. Quantitation of plasma levels of intact L-dopa was effected by ion-exchange column chromatography and spectrofluorimetry. The L-dopa plasma concentration-time profiles obtained confirmed the considerable intersubject variability in the absorption of L-dopa previously reported in the literature. Maximum plasma concentrations of L-dopa generally occurred within 60 min of administration of the dose. The existence of more than one plasma peak of L-dopa concentration was displayed in 45% of the subjects studied. This characteristic was not confined exclusively to either subject group. There was a significantly larger (P〈0.02) area under the plasma L-dopa concentration-time curve (AUC o ∞ ) in the elderly Parkinsonian patients (mean=234.69 µg · min/ml; SD=84.70) compared to the young, healthy volunteers (mean=82.33 µg · min/ml; SD=31.00). A significant (P〈0.01) correlation existed between AUC o ∞ and age (r=0.7970; n=11) among the subjects studied. The apparent elimination phase plasma half-life of L-dopa in the elderly Parkinsonian patients (mean=66.0 min; SD=11.1) was not significantly different to that observed in the young, healthy volunteers (mean=74.0 min; SD=18.1). These results suggest that there may be an age-related alteration to the disposition of orally administered L-dopa in the elderly Parkinsonian patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561903
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Communication patterns in two UK R & D laboratories (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 4 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The literature shows that two patterns of communication exist in an R&D environment, one dominated by a project system and the other directly related to distance. A study was made of the communication patterns of two laboratories about to merge. The study was able to show that differences do exist between the two laboratories, mainly because of the geographical differences on the two sites, but overall communication patterns were similar. These patterns showed that the number of communications did drop off with distance but work contacts and a project system override the distance factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1974.tb01069.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Communication patterns in two UK R & D laboratories (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 4 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The literature shows that two patterns of communication exist in an R&D environment, one dominated by a project system and the other directly related to distance. A study was made of the communication patterns of two laboratories about to merge. The study was able to show that differences do exist between the two laboratories, mainly because of the geographical differences on the two sites, but overall communication patterns were similar. These patterns showed that the number of communications did drop off with distance but work contacts and a project system override the distance factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1973.tb01049.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulant actions of Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in mice (1976)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 50 (1976), S. 245-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol ; Methamphetamine ; Amphetamine ; Drug interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) augments the locomotor activity produced by methamphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) in aggregated mice. THC-induced augmentation was dose related and lasted for a two-hour period. Maximal effective dosage of THC was 15 mg/kg with higher dosages of 30 and 60 mg/kg producing a decrease from maximum in locomotor activity. THC, 15 mg/kg, also increases locomotor activity among aggregated animals treated with saline. However, the increase was much less than the methamphetamine augmentation. In similar studies using isolated mice THC produced only a dose-related decrease in locomotor activity among both methamphetamine-treated and saline-treated animals. THC, 60 mg/kg, had no effect on methamphetamine-induced lethality in aggregated mice. However, at 15 mg/kg, THC significantly enhanced the lethality of methamphetamine. THC did not after methamphetamine lethality in isolated mice. Distribution studies using 14C-methamphetamine indicated that neither THC nor isolation of animals affected tissue concentration or disappearance of 14C material. Previously reported synergistic interaction between amphetamine and THC is related to aggregation of the animals rather than drug treatment. Since THC at low doses can stimulate motor activity in saline-treated animals, amphetamine may act only to amplify the behavioral activity produced by low doses of THC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426840
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Communicating with an autistic boy by gestures (1973)
    Springer
    Journal of autism and developmental disorders 3 (1973), S. 337-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3432
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Following unsuccessful attempts to teach a 6-year-old, mute autistic-retarded boy to follow simple verbal instructions, an effort, described in the case study, was made to train the child to comply with gestural commands. It is reported that the latter part of the program worked well, resulting in the boy's ability to follow instructions to stand up, sit down, turn around, turn an object over, go to another person, and give an object to someone else. Also, other activities began to come under gestural control, and the child learned to instruct a person to stand up. It is further suggested that the acquired behavior did not require much time or effort to establish (24 one-hour sessions, none of which totally devoted to gestural training). The results and potentialities of the described training procedure are discussed in light of recent findings by other researchers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01538541
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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