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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: L-Carnitine ; Respiratory quotient ; Fat oxidation ; Total parenteral nutrition ; Nitrogen balance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During episodes of trauma carnitine-free total parenteral nutrition (TPN) may result in a reduction of the total body carnitine pool, leading to a diminished rate of fat oxidation. Sixteen patients undergoing esophagectomy were equally and randomly divided and received isonitrogenous (0.2 gN/kg·day) and isocaloric (35 kcal/kg·day TPN over 11 days without and with L-carnitine supplementation (12 mg/kg·day). Compared with healthy controls, the total body carnitine pool was significantly reduced in both groups prior to the operation. Without supplementation carnitine concentrations were maintained, while daily provision of carnitine resulted in an elevation of total carnitine mainly due to an increase of the free fraction. Without supplementation the cumulative urinary carnitine losses were 11.5±6.3 mmol corresponding to 15.5%±8.5% of the estimated total body carnitine pool. Patients receiving carnitine revealed a positive carnitine balance in the immediate postoperative phase, 11.1%±19.0% of the infused carnitine being retained. After 11 days of treatment comparable values for respiratory quotient, plasma triglycerides, free fatty acids, ketone bodies, and cumulative nitrogen balance were observed. It is concluded that in the patient population studied here carnitine supplementation during postoperative TPN did not improve fat oxidation or nitrogen balance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 590 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0888-7543
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 18 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Journal of applied ichthyology 20 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The unexpected discovery of extensive intraindividual variation of the 18S rRNA gene in nine North American species of sturgeon (and its absence in the North American paddlefish) was described in a previous paper by Krieger and Fuerst (2002b). As part of the study, genomic 18S rRNA genes from a lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) individual were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloned and sequenced, resulting in the identification of at least 17 different sequence variants. Because of the number of variants detected and the improbability that such a large number of different alleles are required for survival, these sequence variants were subjected to further analyses (sequence comparison, phylogenetic and relative rate) to examine the possibility that some variants may be pseudogenes. The cDNA produced by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR amplification of 18S rRNA isolated from lake sturgeon liver tissue was also sequenced. The topology of the phylogenetic tree produced suggests a split of the sequence variants into two groups: paddlefish-like (PL) alleles and non-paddlefish-like (NPL) alleles. Relative rate comparisons of these two groups indicate that the alleles within the NPL allele group are evolving more quickly than those in the paddlefish-like (PL) group, and so are likely under relaxed functional constraints. Less than one-third of nucleotide changes in the non-paddlefish-like (NPL) alleles occur at positions that are considered to be highly conserved in a universal eukaryotic model of rRNA structure. No substitutions at eukaryotic universally conserved sites occur in the PL alleles. Analysis of the sequence of the RT-PCR product shows that a single lake sturgeon 18S rDNA sequence variant is expressed in major quantities in the liver, and that this single product is identical to the allele most similar in sequence to the paddlefish. These results provide support for the idea that many variants are unimportant for proper cellular function or are pseudogenes. Although concerted evolution has apparently failed to homogenize the many rDNA sequence variants found within sturgeon, the detection of a single major expressed sequence variant in lake sturgeon indicates that the expression of the variants is in fact under the control of selective factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 25 (1986), S. 220-227 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: vegetable proteins ; weaning foods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit ist es, den Einfluß von pflanzlichem Eiweiß aus verschiedenen Hülsenfrüchten in der Ernährung von Kleinkindern aufzuzeigen. In parallelen Versuchen wurden Proteine aus der Melone, aus Raps und Sojabohnen sowie aus einer Mischung derselben insgesamt 60 Albinoratten verfüttert, um das Wachstum und den Stickstoffmetabolismus im Gewebe zu bestimmen. Cerelac® diente als Kontrollsubstanz. Mit der Proteinmischung wurden hinsichtlich des Proteinwirkungsverhältnisses (Protein efficiency ratio, PER) und des Nettoproteinverhältnisses (net protein ratio, NPR) Ergebnisse erzielt, die gut mit der Kontrollgruppe korrelieren. Wird jedoch das jeweilige Protein allein verabreicht, sinkt die Stickstoffretention in der Zelle, und das Wachstum der Tiere ist geringer. Deshalb sollten vor allem in Entwicklungsländern pflanzliche Eiweiße in Form von Mischungen zur Herstellung von Babynahrung eingesetzt werden.
    Notes: Summary The effect of mixing different sources of vegetable proteins from legumes in the preparation of infant weaning foods was investigated. Melon, cowpea and soya as sole protein sources or as a mixture were fed to 60 albino rats. A milk powder-based commercial product (Cerelac) was used as control diet. The mixture of the vegetable protein diet compared favourably with the control diet in terms of growth rate, protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein ratio (NPR) and also ensured optimum nitrogen content in liver, kidney and muscle tissues. In contrast the use of individual protein sources failed to support satisfactory growth and were inferior to those in animals fed with the control or mixed diets. It was thus concluded that in the developing countries an application of such a mixture of vegetable proteins may be suitable in the preparation of weaning foods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 21 (1982), S. 175-190 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 28 (1989), S. 191-200 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Cystin ; Peptide ; In vivo-Verwertung ; parenterale Ernährung ; cystine ; peptides ; in vivo utilization ; parenteral nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary For the first time, in vivo utilization of two highly soluble and stable cystine containing synthetic short chain peptides, N, N′-bis-L-alanyl-L, L-cystine and N, N′-bis-glycyl-L, L-cystine, was investigated in adult rats. Within 5 min after an intravenous bolus, blood samples were drawn (inferior vena cava) and plasma amino acid and peptide levels were determined using RP-HPLC (precolumn derivatization with 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonylchloride). Both peptides were rapidly cleared from plasma (estimated elimination time: 4 min for the glycyl peptide and less than 2 min for the alanyl peptide). The initial high amounts of N-L-alanyl-L, L-cystine and N-glycyl-L, L-cystine as well as the prompt increase of the constituent free amino acids alanine, glycine and cystine strongly suggest that the peptide disappearance is mainly due to a very fast two-step hydrolysis in the extracellular compartment, presumably catalyzed by soluble and/or plasma membrane bound peptidases. The observed rapid hydrolysis may serve as first evidence that short chain peptides with C-terminal cystine residue may represent efficient sources of free cystine in parenteral nutrition.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Erstmalig wurde die in vivo-Verwertung von zwei sehr gut löslichen und thermisch stabilen cystinhaltigen synthetischen Peptiden, N, N′-Bis-L-Alanyl-L, L-cystin und N, N′-Bis-Glycyl-L, L-cystin, bei Ratten untersucht. Nach Verabreichung eines intravenösen Peptidbolus wurden innerhalb von 5 Minuten mehrmals Blutproben aus der Vena cava inferior entnommen und die Plasmakonzentrationen der Aminosäuren/Peptide mittels RP-HPLC nach Vorsäulenderivatisierung mit Dansyl-Chlorid bestimmt. Das injizierte Peptid wurde jeweils rasch aus dem Plasma eliminiert (geschätzte Eliminationshalbwertszeit: 4 min für das Glycylpeptid und weniger als 2 min für das Alanylpeptid). Die hohen Anfangskonzentrationen an den unsymmetrischen Disulfiden N-L-Alanyl-L, L-cystin bzw. N-Glycyl-L, L-cystin sowie der sofortige Anstieg der freien Aminosäuren Alanin, Glycin und Cystin weisen auf eine sehr schnelle, in zwei Stufen ablaufende Hydrolyse der Peptide im Extrazellulärraum hin, vermutlich katalysiert durch gelöste und/oder plasmamembrangebundene Peptidasen. Die beobachtete rasche Hydrolyse kann als erster Beweis dafür dienen, daß kurzkettige Peptide mit C-terminalem Cystinrest als Quellen für freies Cystin im Rahmen einer parenteralen Ernährung eingesetzt werden können.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Solid phase extraction ; Conjugated bile acids ; Recoveries of radiolabelled compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A method for the quantitative extraction of bile acid conjugates from serum samples using reversed-phase octadecyl bonded silica cartridges for HPLC analysis is described. It is easy to handle, takes only 30 minutes and has a high extraction recovery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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