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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background An increased nutnber of eosinophils in the bronchial mucosa has been demonstrated both in asthma and in exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Oiyective To investigate whether the airway eosinophilia present in asthma and in chronic bronchitis during exacerbations is associated with interleukin (IL)-5 protein expression in the bronchial mucosa.Methods We obtained bronchial biopsies in 18 subjects with asthma (four intrinsic, seven extrinsic and seven occupational) and in II subjects with chronic bronchitis examined during an exacerbation. The findings were compared wilh those of bronchial biopsies from 10 subjects with chronic bronchitis examined under baseline conditions and from seven normal subjects, taken as controls. By immunohistochemistry, we assessed the expression of IL-5 protein and the number of eosinophils (EG2), mast cells ftryptase), and T-lymphocytes (CD3) in the submucosa.Results As compared with controls, the number of eosinophils was increased to a similar degree in both asthma (P 〈 0.001) and in exacerbations of ehronic bronchitis (P 〈 0.001). whereas the number of I L-5 immunopositive cells was increased significantly only in asthma (P 〈 0.01). No diflerences were observed in the number of tnast cells and T-lymphocytes between the four groups of subjects examined. Conciusions This study shows that the degree of airway eosinophilia is similar in asthma and in exacerbations of ehronic bronchitis, but only in asthma is it associated with an increased expression of I L-5 protein in the bronchial tnucosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To determine whether the measurement of specific markers of inflammatory cells in peripheral blood might be used to detect the inflammatory activity in the airways in asthma induced by toluene diisocyanate (TDI). we measured the levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), histamine and tryplase in peripheral blood before and during inhalation challenge with TDI or methacholine in two groups of subjects who exhibited or did not exhibit an asthmatic reaction after exposure to toluene diisocyanate in the laboratory. When the subjects developed a late asthmatic reaction after exposure to TDI, the\ showed an increase in their ECP serum levels. By contrast, there were no signilicam changes in serum ECP levels after exposure to TDI in the control group or after methacholine challenge in either group. Tryptase levels in serum were not detectable before or during inhalation challenge with TDI or methacholinc. There was no significant increase in plasma histamine levels during inhalation challenge with TDJ or methacholine. These results suggest that eosinophils arc ‘activated’ in subjects who develop a late asthmatic reaction after exposure to TDI and that the measurement of ECP levels in peripheral blood may be a useful marker to monitor airway inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To determine whether circulating platelets alter during asthmatic reactions induced by allergens, we studied nine subjects previously shown to develop an early or dual asthmatic reaction after inhalation challenge with extracts of house dust mite or grass pollen. In each subject, FEV1, circulating platelets and leucocytes were measured before, 15, 30 and 60 min, and 2, 4, 6 and 8 hr after inhalation of allergen and diluent control administered in a single-blind, randomized fashion. The same procedure was repeated in six of the nine subjects after bronchoconstriction induced by methacholine. Each subject developed an early asthmatic reaction after allergen inhalation challenge, which was followed by a late asthmatic reaction in six subjects and by an equivocal late asthmatic reaction in two of them (fall in FEV1 of 15 and 17% respectively). Compared with the control day, circulating platelets significantly decreased during the allergen-induced early asthmatic reaction (P 〈 0·025, at 30 min). Platelet counts returned to baseline values within 4 hr and remained steady thereafter both in subjects who did and did not develop a late asthmatic reaction. No changes in platelet counts occurred after bronchoconstriction induced by methacholine. Diurnal increase of leucocyte numbers occurred after challenge with both allergen and diluent control. These results suggest that platelets may be involved in the pathogenesis of allergen-induced asthmatic reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 24 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To assess the nature and the time–course of the cellular component of airway inflammation induced by isocyanates, we examined nine subjects with occupational asthma induced by toluene– or methylene diphenyl–diisocyanate (TDI, MDI) and four control subjects never exposed to isocyanates. Sputum was induced by inhalation of ultrasonically nebulized hypertonic saline (3–4% NaCl) before and 8, 24, 48 h after inhalation challenge with TDI or MDI. Expectorated samples were incubated with dithiothreitol, washed and cytocentrifuged. Differential cell counts were obtained on slides stained with May–Grünwald–Giemsa. Metachromatic cells (mast cells and basophils) were counted on slides stained with toluidine blue at pH 0.1. One occupational asthmatic exhibited a dual reaction to TDI, two exhibited a single early asthmatic reaction to M DI, six exhibited a late asthmatic reaction to TDI (n= 5) or M DI (n= 1), whereas no reactions were observed in control subjects after TDI challenge. In sensitized subjects eosinophils increased from a median value (interquartile range) of 5 (15)% before challenge to 29 (29)% (P= 0.014) and to 30 (31)% (P= 0.031) 8 and 24 h after TDI/MDI challenges, respectively. Sputum eosinophilia was observed both in early and late reactors and declined to near to baseline values 48 hr after challenge. Percentages of eosinophils in control subjects did not exceed 7% during the study. There was a significant correlation between the increase in eosinophil counts and the magnitude of the bronchoconstriction expressed as the area of FEV1 response to isocyanate challenge (rank correlation coefficient = 0–71, P= 0.014). No significant changes in sputum neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes and mast cells were detected. The results indicate that isocyanate–induced asthmatic responses are associated with influx of eosinophils in airway secretion lasting up to 24 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Airway inflammation in asthma causes symptoms, airflow limitation and bronchial hyper-responsiveness. The strategy of asthma management is to reduce airway inflammation by drug treatment and avoidance of triggers, including allergens.Objective We determined the effect of exposure to house dust mite (HDM) allergens on bronchial responsiveness in asthmatics sensitive to mites while under optimal drug treatment.Methods We studied 71 mild to moderate HDM-sensitive asthmatics. Drug treatment sufficient to keep asthma under control was administered to each patient for 1 year. Subjects were divided into two groups, according to the amount of Der p 1 in their bedrooms measured after standard HDM reduction measures: low Der p 1 exposure (0.64 ± 0.5 µg/g dust) (Group 1, n = 34) and high Der p 1 exposure (12.5 ± 11.4 µg/g) (Group 2, n = 37). Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine (PD20FEV1) was determined at the beginning and end of the study.Results In Group 1, PD20FEV1 increased 2.15-fold at the end of the study from 57 to 123 µg (P 〈 0.05), whereas in Group 2 no significant changes were observed. The subjects in Group 2 tended to increase the use of inhaled steroids and bronchodilators in the autumn months compared with subjects in Group 1, but the difference was not significant.Conclusion This long-term study shows that exposure to lower levels of mite allergens in the bedroom is associated with a decrease of bronchial hyper-responsiveness in sensitized asthmatic subjects under optimal drug treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 19 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In order to determine whether treatment with ketotifen inhibits asthmatic reactions induced by toluene di-isocyanate (TDI), we studied six sensitized subjects with previously demonstrated dual or late asthmatic reaction after inhalation challenge with TDI. Ketotifen (1 mg b.i.d., orally) or placebo was administered for 7 days to the examined subjects, according to a double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study design. When the subjects were treated with either ketotifen or placebo, FEV1 markedly decreased after exposure to TDI. These results suggest that the anti-asthmatic agent ketotifen is not effective in TDI-induced asthma and suggest that it should not be used in the prophylaxis of asthmatic reactions induced by TDI in sensitized subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 57 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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