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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pre-and Postnatal Developmental Changes of Adrenoceptor Subtypes in Rat Brain (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 57 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: β-Adrenergic receptor subtypes, β1 and β2, were studied during pre-and postnatal development in the rat brain. [125I]Iodocyanopindolol (6–300 pmol/L) binding assays in the presence of 5-hydroxytryptamine (0.6–6 μmol/L) were used to measure exclusively β-adrenergic receptors. In forebrain tissue, saturable and stereoselective binding was detected on gestational day 13. The amount of β-adrenergic binding increased until postnatal day 23, when adult values were reached. The dissociation constants of [125I]iodocyanopindolol binding remained the same throughout development, as did the affinity of several β-adrenergic and non-β-adrenergic compounds. The proportion of the β2-adrenergic receptors was determined using the β1-selective antagonist ICI-89406 (7–150 nmol/L) and was found to change from 65% in prenatal forebrain tissue to 28% in adulthood. In cerebellum/medulla pons tissue, however, the proportion of β2-receptor binding (80%) remained unchanged during the whole developmental period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb08235.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dopamine efflux in nucleus accumbens shell and core in response to appetitive classical conditioning (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Dopamine transmission within the nucleus accumbens has been implicated in associative reinforcement learning. We investigated the effect of appetitive classical conditioning on dopamine efflux in the rat nucleus accumbens shell and core, as dopamine may be differentially activated by conditioned and unconditioned stimuli (CS, US) in these subregions. After implantation of microdialysis cannulae, rats were food restricted and trained for three consecutive days with three acquisition sessions per day. A 10-s noise (CS) was immediately followed by the delivery of two reward pellets (US) for the conditioned group (paired presentation), whereas conditioned stimuli and unconditioned stimuli were presented at random for the control group (unpaired presentation). On the fourth day, all rats were given a further CS + US session and two CS-alone sessions, and extracellular dopamine concentrations were measured (7.5 min/per sample). Behavioural measures (number of nose pokes, latency to nose poke after conditioned stimuli onset, locomotor activity) demonstrated that the paired groups showed a high level of conditioning. CS + US presentation increased dopamine equally in both shell and core of the paired and unpaired groups. CS alone presentation induced a conditioned dopamine release only in the paired groups. No significant difference was found between shell and core. Unlike previous conditioning paradigms involving either a more salient US (foot shock, addictive drug) or a more complex CS, the present paradigm, using normal reward pellets as US and a discrete auditory stimulus as CS, did not lead to differential responses in dopamine efflux in shell and core subregions of the nucleus accumbens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02849.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dopamine and noradrenaline efflux in the rat prefrontal cortex after classical aversive conditioning to an auditory cue (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 13 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We used bilateral microdialysis in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) of awake, freely moving rats to study aversive conditioning to an auditory cue in the controlled environment of the Skinner box. The presentation of the explicit conditioned stimuli (CS), previously associated with foot shocks, caused increased dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) efflux. This conditioned response was dependent on the immediate pairing of the two stimuli; in the pseudoconditioned group that received an equal number of both stimuli, but in an unpaired fashion, no conditioned increases in efflux were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01471.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Widespread alterations in central noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin systems in the Brattleboro rat not related to the local absence of vasopressin (1990)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 15 (1990), S. 283-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Vasopressin ; noradrenaline ; dopamine ; serotonin ; MHPG(3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol) ; Brattleboro rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A comprehensive study of monoamine transmitter and metabolite concentrations measured by HPLC was undertaken in female (vasopressin-deficient) Brattleboro rats as compared to Long Evans rats. Noradrenaline was significantly increased in 8 out of 13 dissected brain regions, whereas concentrations of the metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol were not altered. The increases were not restricted to areas which are normally innervated by vasopressin-containing neurons. Serotonin was increased in 6 and dopamine in 4 regions and this was accompanied in some areas by increases in the metabolites 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. Only in the striatum, cerebellum, and the medulla-pons no changes could be detected in any of the compounds of interest. These results show that the long term absence of vasopressin in Brattleboro rats appears to be associated with increases in monoamine transmitter contents and decreased metabolite/transmitter ratios. The regional distribution of these changes does not bear any relationship to the regional distribution of vasopressin cell bodies or nerve endings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00968673
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and isoproterenol-induced regulation of adrenoceptor binding in cultured rat neocortical explants is seen only with the beta-1, not with the beta-2 subtype (1995)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 20 (1995), S. 579-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: β-adrenoceptor ; β-adrenoceptor subtypes ; neocortical explants ; isoproterenol ; down-regulation ; development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The presence and time-course of β-adrenoceptor density in cultured explants of neocortex obtained from 6-day-old rat pups were investigated using a [125I]ICYP binding assay. A delayed, but more pronounced, increase in the receptor expression was observed as compared to the situation previously described in vivo. These changes only occurred for the β1-subtype of the receptor, whereas the β2-subtype binding remained constant up to 3 weeks in vitro. The delay of β1-adrenoceptor expression may be due to the incomplete presence of the proper maturational input, and the late enhancement of receptor expression to upregulation related to the absence in vitro of noradrenergic input. Decreased β-adrenoceptor levels could be induced by chronic treatment of the β-agonist isoproterenol (1 μM) introduced either for 3 or 13 days. Again, changes in density were found only for the β1-adrenoceptor binding sites. There is no reduction of receptor density following return to control conditions for 10 days after a 3-day treatment with isoproterenol, demonstrating the ability of this model to attain its final receptor density notwithstanding the developmental insult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01694539
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prefrontal dopamine is directly involved in the anxiogenic interoceptive cue of pentylenetetrazol but not in the interoceptive cue of chlordiazepoxide in the rat (2000)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 149 (2000), S. 366-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Prefrontal cortex ; Dopamine ; Anxiety ; Drug discrimination ; Pentylenetetrazol ; Chlordiazepoxide ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Rationale: The prefrontal cortical (PFC) dopamine (DA) system has been implicated in anxiety-related behavioral changes, but direct, unequivocal support for this idea is sparse. Objectives: The present aim was to study the functional significance of prefrontal DA using the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) discrimination model of anxiety. A comparison was made with its role in the cue of the anxiolytic drug chlordiazepoxide (CDP). Methods: Two groups of rats were trained to discriminate either PTZ (20 mg/kg, s.c.) or CDP (10 mg/kg, i.p.) from saline using an operant drug discrimination procedure. After prolonged training, half of each group was used to assess biochemical changes induced by both drugs in different sub areas of the PFC. For the remaining rats, discrimination training continued and generalization tests with PTZ and CDP were performed. Rats were then provided with bilateral guide cannulae aimed at the ventromedial (vm) PFC, and the effects of local infusions of DAergic drugs on discriminative performance were evaluated. Results: CDP did not affect PFC DA activity, but PTZ increased the DOPAC/DA ratio in the vmPFC selectively. Generalization tests showed that the cues of PTZ and CDP were dose dependent. In PTZ-trained rats, infusions of the DA receptor antagonist cis-flupenthixol into the vmPFC blocked the PTZ cue dose dependently, whereas the agonist apomorphine partially generalized to this cue. In CDP-trained rats, neither drug antagonized or generalized to the CDP cue, showing that PFC DA is not critically involved in the CDP cue and that local pharmacological manipulations of PFC DA do not affect discriminative abilities per se. Conclusions: The DAergic innervation of the PFC is directly involved in the behavioral effects of PTZ, suggesting a role for it in anxiety.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130000390
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple dopamine receptors: fact, fiction or confusion? (1981)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 3 (1981), S. 1021-1041 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A critical review of the various theories postulating the existence of multiple dopamine (DA) receptors is presented. After a summary of the pharmacological methods used in measuring dopaminergic agonist and antagonist activities the evidence for postsynaptic, presynaptic, D-I, D-2, D-3, DA-1, DA-2, DAe and Dai receptors is examined. The possible clinical significance of these various theories is also briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02193319
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abstracts of papers (1982)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 4 (1982), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01959141
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of rat brain monoamine oxidase type A by 2- aminotetralin and tetrahydroisoquinoline analogues of dopamine (1983)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 5 (1983), S. 131-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Thein vitro inhibition of rat brain monoamine oxidase type A (Mao-a) by various dopamine analogues is reported and compared to some established inhibitors of the enzyme. The estimated ic50's were found to be in the range 10−5–10−3 mol/1. This makes these compounds more than 10 000 times less potent than the selectiveMao-a inhibitor harmaline and more than 10 times less potent than the selectiveMao-b inhibitors pargyline and deprenyl. When the brain concentrations that are reached after peripheral administration of these drugs are taken into account it is unlikely that inhibition ofMao is relevant to their effects as has been suggested. Also the endogenous brain concentrations of some tetrahydroisoquinolines are probably too low to produce an inhibition of the enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01961468
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