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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Serum sickness ; Blood-brain barrier ; Albumin distribution ; Glucose utilization ; Cerebrospinal fluid protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The level of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein is elevated in diseases and disease models that are associated with circulating immune complexes such as serum sickness. Circulatory immune complexes are known to deposit in the basal lamina of fenestrated capillaries and may, as a result, affect both capillary bed and parenchymal function. Since the brain has both fenestrated and unfenestrated capillaries and immune complexes deposit to a varying extent in the fenestrated capillaries in chronic serum sickness, cerebral capillary permeability to protein may be altered in some brain areas and lead to the elevation of CSF proteins. In addition various other cerebrovascular and metabolic functions may also be affected by this condition. In this study either radio-iodinated serum albumin (RISA) or 2-[14C]deoxyglucose (14C-2DG) was intravenously injected into control Wistar rats and Wistar rats with chronic serum sickness; subsequently the tissue levels of radioactivity were measured by quantitative autoradiography in 4 brain areas with fenestrated capillaries and 11 brain areas with unfenestrated capillaries. The 2-min distribution of RISA, which demarcates the volume of circulating plasma in perfused microvessels and is generally proportional to local plasma flow, was the same in control and experimental rats. The passage of RISA from blood into brain over 30 min was negligible in both groups; thus cerebral capillary permeability to albumin was not detectably increased in any of these 15 brain areas by chronic serum sickness. The rate of local cerebral glucose utilization, an indicator of local metabolic and neural activity, was calculated from the 14C-2DG data and was virtually identical in control and experimental rats. These results suggest that chronic serum sickness at this stage has little effect on capillary bed permeability and parenchymal function in most, if not all, brain areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: In Alzheimer's disease, the neuritic or senile amyloid plaques in hippocampus and association cortex, the diffuse plaques in brain areas such as the cerebellum and sensorimotor cortex, and the amyloid deposits in the walls of pial and parenchymal blood vessels are mainly composed of amyloid β-peptides. In the present study, either soluble 40-residue amyloid β-peptide radiolabeled with 125I (I-sAβ) or [14C]polyethylene glycol ([14C]-PEG, a reference material) was briefly infused into one lateral ventricle of normal rats. By 3.5 min, 30% of the I-sAβ was cleared from ventricular CSF into blood; another 30% was removed over the next 6.5 min. No [14C]PEG was lost from the CSF-brain system during the first 5 min, and only 20% was cleared by 10 min. Much of the I-sAβ that reached the subarachnoid space was retained by pial arteries and arterioles. Virtually no I-sAβ was found in brain. The clearance of amyloid β-peptides from the CSF-brain system, reported herein for normal rats, may be reduced in Alzheimer's disease, thus contributing to amyloid deposition in cerebral tissue and blood vessels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part A: Physiology 42 (1972), S. 195-204 
    ISSN: 0300-9629
    Keywords: Plasma space ; Squalus acanthias ; capillary permeability ; chloride ; ethylene glycol ; extracellular space ; heart ; inulin ; mannitol ; pericardial fluid ; rectal gland ; skeletal muscle ; spiral valve ; sucrose ; thiourea ; tissue distribution of polar compounds ; tritiated water ; urea ; water space
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0026-2862
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 226 (1988), S. 1-7 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fifteen rabbits were intrathecally perfused with horseradish peroxidase at normal cerebrospinal fluid pressures. Horseradish peroxidase was found in the subarachnoid space around the optic nerve; it permeated the pia and penetrated within the nerve, occupying extracellular spaces between myelinated axons and glial cells up to the area of the lamina cribrosa. Horseradish peroxidase also crossed the perineural sclera and the border tissue of Elschnig to spread into the choroid where it was mostly seen within choriocapillaris, venules, and veins crossing through interendothelial spaces. “Bulk” cerebrospinal fluid absorption in the eye appears to occur through venous drainage in the choroid and SAS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Metrizamide ; Diatrizoate ; Blood-brain barrier ; Diffusion in brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The entry of 125I-metrizamide and of 125I-diatrizoate from blood into brain has been studied in rabbits. The blood-brain barrier is very tight to both molecules, all cerebral regions having spaces between 0.5 and 2% after maintenance of constant blood levels for 4 h. In extraneural tissues both compounds appear to distribute in extracellular fluid except for accumulation of metrizamide by the liver and perhaps the small intestine. Profiles of radioactivity through cerebral gray matter have been obtained following ventriculocisternal perfusion of artificial cerebrospinal fluid containing 125I-metrizamide. The nature of these profiles and their behavior with time suggest that metrizamide passes through gray matter by simple diffusion, that it is largely distributed in the extracellular fluid and that back movement across the blood-brain barrier is small.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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