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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 12 (1986), S. 205-215 
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A soil sample from the Ap horizon of an arable brown soil was fractionated by wet sieving, and seven size fractions of organic and mineral soil particles were separated. The organic fractions formed only 2.2% of the soil dry mass, but contained 41.5 and 29.12% of the total soil content of carbon and nitrogen, respectively, and thus represented an important reservoir of readily utilizable nutrients. Organic particles also accumulated most of the soil enzyme activities, determined asβ-glucosidase,β-acetylglucosaminidase, and proteinase activity. The highest counts of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi per gram of the soil fractions were obtained with the organic particles, but for the most part microorganisms accumulated in the silt-clay fraction. All soil fractions except the coarsest organic particles contained higher counts of oligotrophic bacteria than copiotrophic ones. Microbial counts, ATP contents, and enzyme activities decreased significantly with decrease in size of the organic soil particles, and increased with decrease in size of the mineral soil particles. Thus, the coarse organic particles 〉5 mm and the silt-clay fraction 〈0.05 mm represent the sites with the highest concentrations of microorganisms, ATP contents, and enzyme activities in the arable brown soil under test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Genetically engineered bacteria ; Soil invertebrates ; Leaf litter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Seven bacterial strains, most of them bearing natural or recombinant plasmids, were introduced in oak leaf litter or soddy-podzolic soil. In these substrata, which contained litter-dwelling diplopods and isopods, or endogenic earthworms, bacteria survival was followed. In the absence of the animals, the numbers of introduced strains gradually decreased. In the presence of the animals, plasmid-bearing strains of Pseudomonas putida survived at 105–107 CFUs g–1 up to 1.5 months in both leaves and soil. The total numbers of bacteria found in excrements from the soil macrofauna were 5–15 times higher than in the food. The numbers of P. putida in the excrements were equal to or higher than in the food. The numbers of Pseudomonas stutzeri JM302 (pLV1013) and Azospirillum brasiliense ATCC29710 (pFACII) in the excrements were always 2–10 times lower than in the food. The digestive fluid taken from the middle part of the gut of the diplopod Pachyiulus flavipes showed a strong antibacterial activity. Those bacteria with lower survival in the gut appeared to be more sensitive to digestion by the midgut fluid. In contrast, the hindgut fluid did not suppress the viability of P. stutzeri JM302 (pLV1013). We postulate that the introduced bacteria partially survive the midgut passage and then multiply with a high growth rate in the hindgut of the animals. The environmental consequences of the interactions between soil invertebrates and the released bacteria are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Genetically modified bacteria ; Soil invertebrates ; Plasmid transfer ; Pseudomonas spp. ; Enterobacter cloacae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Plasmid transfer between introduced strains of Pseudomonas stutzeri JM302 (pLV1013), Pseudomonas putida PAW340 (pLV1017), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO5 (RP4), and Enterobacter cloacae MF10 (RP4), all of them harbouring genetically modified or naturally occurring plasmids and bacteria indigenous to oak leaf litter, soddy-podzolic soil or vermicompost was monitored using non-sterile laboratory microcosms inhabited by the millipede Pachyiulus flavipes, the woodlouse Armadillidium vulgare, or the earthworms Aporrectodea caliginosa and Eisenia fetida, respectively. Plasmid transfer from genetically modified Streptococcus faecalis JH2-2 (pAMβ1) to Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis 1-5 under similar conditions was also followed. A recombinant conjugative plasmid (pLV1017) encoding resistance to antibiotics and expressing catechol 2,3-dioxygenase was transferred into two facultatively anaerobic gram-negative bacteria, isolated from the excrement of A. vulgare. Presumed transconjugants of the facultatively anerobic gram-negative bacteria given above were isolated from the leaves and soil (four strains) and the excrement of the invertebrates (11 strains). They carried the same plasmids and exhibited the same enzymatic activity as the respective inoculant strains; for most of them, however, DNA fingerprints were slightly different. Transfer from S. faecalis JH2-2 to B. thuringiensis var. israelensis of a naturally occurring plasmid, pAMb1, encoding resistance to erythromycin was observed in vermicompost.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 73 (1970), S. 201-215 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Zugabe von Montmorillonit zu Kulturlösungen verschiedener Mikroorganismen ergab bei Schüttel- oder Standkulturen meist eine Steigerung der Biomasse und einen erhöhten Nährstoffverbaruch. Diese Steigerung wurde besonders unter aeroben Verhältnissen und in den ersten Wachstumsphasen beobachtet. Die Bildung von Äthanol durch S. cerevisiae bzw. Citronensäure durch A. niger war beschleunigt, aber nicht wesentlich erhöht. Manometrische Messungen mit S. cerevisiae ergaben in Abhängigkeit von der Montmorillonit-Konzentration einen höheren RQ. Die Relation der Biomasse zu verbrauchter Glucose deutet auf eine bessere Ausnutzung der Energiequelle für synthetische Prozesse hin.
    Notes: Summary The addition of montmorillonite to stationary and shake-cultures of various microorganisms usually increased total biomass formation and accelerated the utilization of nutrients. These effects were noted especially under aerobic conditions and during the initial growth phases. The formation of ethanol by S. cerevisiae and citric acid by A. niger was accelerated, but not significantly increased. manometric measurements with S. cerevisiae showed a higher RQ which increased with increasing montmorillonite concentrations. The relation between biomass formation and glucose consumption indicates a more efficient utilization of the energy source for synthetic processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Genetically engineered bacteria ; Soil invertebrates ; Leaf litter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Seven bacterial strains, most of them bearing natural or recombinant plasmids, were introduced in oak leaf litter or soddy-podzolic soil. In these substrata, which contained litter-dwelling diplopods and isopods, or endogenic earthworms, bacteria survival was followed. In the absence of the animals, the numbers of introduced strains gradually decreased. In the presence of the animals, plasmid-bearing strains of Pseudomonas putida survived at 105–107 CFUs g-1 up to 1.5 months in both leaves and soil. The total numbers of bacteria found in excrements from the soil macrofauna were 5–15 times higher than in the food. The numbers of P. putida in the excrements were equal to or higher than in the food. The numbers of Pseudomonas stutzeri JM302 (pLV1013) and Azospirillum brasiliense ATCC29710 (pFACII) in the excrements were always 2–10 times lower than in the food. The digestive fluid taken from the middle part of the gut of the diplopod Pachyiulus flavipes showed a strong antibacterial activity. Those bacteria with lower survival in the gut appeared to be more sensitive to digestion by the midgut fluid. In contrast, the hindgut fluid did not suppress the viability of P. stutzeri JM302 (pLV1013). We postulate that the introduced bacteria partially survive the midgut passage and then multiply with a high growth rate in the hindgut of the animals. The environmental consequences of the interactions between soil invertebrates and the released bacteria are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 20 (1964), S. 220-221 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé Les cobyes adaptés à l'histamine par voie intrapéritonéale sont protegés contre l'ulcère de l'estomac posthistaminique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 28 (1988), S. 506-511 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The tyrosinases from Agaricus bisporus and Streptomyces eurythermus, laccases from Polyporus versicolor and Pleurotus ostreatus, and peroxidase from horseradish were strongly adsorbed on different bentonites and a clay-humus complex but less to on kaolinite and quartz. The adsorption was significantly dependent on the pH, reaching maxima in the range of the specific isoelectric points; it was less influenced by the valency and type of exchangeable cations. Most of the enzymes lost their activity when adsorbed on bentonite. The activity of desorbed enzymes was distinctly diminished when compared with free enzyme preparations. Conclusions from this behaviour were drawn as to the possible use of phenoloxidases as agents to transform phenolics in soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 25 (1986), S. 76-81 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Enzyme assays for β-glucosidase, β-acetylglucosaminidase, phosphatase, phosphodiesterase, and proteinase were made in soil samples incubated for two months after contamination with trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and dichloromethane. These volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons were added at doses of 10, 100, and 1000 μg per 100 g dry soil, respectively. Almost no effect was observed in soil sample contaminated with 10 μg of the chemicals when compared with control soil. When 100 μg of the volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons was added, the activity of β-glucosidase, β-acetylglucosaminidase and, in part, also of proteinase, was reduced during the first 28 days of incubation but returned to the same or slightly higher level than in the control soil after 2 months. Trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and dichloromethane at a concentration of 1000 μg per 100 g soil primarily inhibited activity of all enzymes under test. However, after two months, the enzymatic activities especially in soil samples contaminated with tetrachloroethylene and dichloromethane were found to be at the same or higher level than in the control soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 7 (1979), S. 371-379 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The development of different cultural groups of microorganisms, respiratory activity of the complex microflora, change in the contents of organic mass and, furthermore, the production and optical properties of humic substances were investigated in municipal refuse which had been disposed of for 20 months in a model landfill of about 40 m3. Among various microorganisms, the proteolytic bacteria were the prevalent group, although the relative participation of actinomycetes in the microflora raised in the later stages of the disposal. The microbial counts were almost stable after 8 to 12 months. Respiratory activity decreased up to the twentieth month, due to the lack in utilizable organic substances as a carbon source. Humic substances were extracted from municipal refuse and after the twelfth month of refuse disposal they were similar to soil humic acid with respect to their spectral properties in the visible, UV and IR wave range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 7 (1979), S. 277-280 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Growth of Aspergillus niger and Cladosporium herbarum occurred in shake cultures with polyurethane as the sole nutrient source. Simultaneously, the isocyanate almost completely disappeared from the polyurethane as determined with an IR-spectroscope. Otherwise, no structural changes were found in the polyurethane, though both fungi penetrated into the resilient foam tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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