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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2023-08-03
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 11 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We studied structural and functional characteristics of lymphocytes from adult and fetal baboons (Papio cynocephalus). Flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies to human lymphocyte antigens and plant lectins was used to define expression of surface antigens on lymphocytes from adult and 140 day fetal baboons (term = 180 days). Major T cell antigenic determinants on adult and fetal baboon lymphocytes were the Tp50, Tp32-45, and p45 glycoproteins detected by monoclonal reagents T11, OKT8, and OKT10 respectively. Baboon T lymphocytes did not react with the OKT3/anti-Leu4 or OKT4/ anti-Leu3a reagents which detect, respectively, Tp19-29 and Tp55, major surface glycoproteins on human T lymphocytes. OKT6, which identifies the human TL antigen equivalent on thymocytes, did not react with baboon thymocytes. These data demonstrate major evolutionary divergence between human and baboon T lymphocytes. By contrast, baboon lymphocytes resembled human peripheral lymphocytes in reactivities with several non-T cell reagents. Lectin binding studies revealed substantially fewer peanut agglutinin-and wheat germ agglutinin-binding cells in suspensions of baboon fetal splenocytes and adult peripheral lymphocytes compared with fetal thymocytes. Thereffore, maturation of baboon T lymphocytes is associated with loss of surface carbohydrate structures that bind these lectins. Adult and fetal baboon lymphocytes resembled human and murine lymphocytes in their capabilities to respond to mitogens and to produce interleukin-2. As in oter species, adult, but not fetal baboon lymphocytes, mediated NK activity against a variety of nucleated target cells. Despite divergence in lymphocyte antigen epression, babbon lymphocyte functional development colsely parallels that seen in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 175 (1991), S. 596-603 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Linkage analysis has been carried out in 11 kindreds with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) using the genetic marker 3'HVR, closely linked ( $$\hat \theta = 0.05$$ ) to the gene of the autosomal dominant type. Close linkage ( $$\hat \theta \leqq 0.20$$ ) between the locus of the marker and that of ARPKD can be excluded. These data strongly suggest that the loci for the autosomal recessive and dominant forms of polycystic kidney disease are not allelic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words: Posture ; Intraperitoneal pressure ; Peritoneal permeability ; Upright position ; Supine position
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The posture of the patient influences both the intraperitoneal pressure (IPP) and the peritoneal permeability. We have studied the effects of the supine and the upright position in six children. Two peritoneal equilibration tests (PET) of 90-min dwell time each were performed consecutively, firstly in the supine position and then in the upright position. The same amount of dialysate was instilled (1,000 ml/m2; isotonic 1.36% dextrose) for each PET. Using the same filling volume, the IPP was significantly higher in the upright position (18.4±4.8 cm H2O) than in the supine position (8±2.4 cm H2O). The mean percentage IPP increase was 130%±35%. The decline in glucose resorption rate from the dialysate during the PET was significantly lower in the upright position. Despite this greater relative loss of osmotic gradient in the upright than the supine position, no significant difference in net ultrafiltration was noted after 90 min of dwell. The peritoneal equilibration ratio during the PET was lower in the upright than the supine position for urea, creatinine, and phosphate. These results favor performing peritoneal dialysis in a supine position, both to increase dialysis efficiency and to reduce patient discomfort.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Ultrafiltration ; Peritoneal dialysis ; Tidal peritoneal dialysis ; Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Dialysed infants are sometimes characterized by a hyperpermeable peritoneal state. In this situation decreasing dwell time and/or increasing dialysate tonicity are usually proposed to achieve adequate ultrafiltration (UF). We have investigated UF capacity under different peritoneal dialysis modalities in three infants. UF was not obtained with isotonic continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), and was only achieved with short dwell times and hypertonic CAPD. For the prescription of automated peritoneal dialysis, a shorter dwell time of hourly sequences is needed, which consequently decreases the phosphate diffusion time. Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis with sequences of 1 h allowed efficient UF [UF/glucose absorption (UF/G) 4.2±0.9] but the dialysate/plasma (D/P) phosphate ratio was low (0.47±0.12). In contrast, tidal peritoneal dialysis gave a better UF/G ratio (6.8±0.7) without a decrease in the D/P phosphate ratio (0.64±0.18).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words: Glucose-charged dialysate ; Potassium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Glucose has been omitted from hemodialysates in the recent past. Currently, there is a tendency to include glucose in dialysates at physiological concentrations between 100 and 200 mg/dl (5.56–11.12 mmol/l). In adult patients, this induces, over the dialysis session, a significant uptake of glucose, with some benefits, i.e., avoidance of caloric loss, but also with some metabolic risks, i.e. decreased dialytic potassium removal secondary to an insulin-dependent intracellular potassium shift. We have performed a crossover study in five stable children (mean age 11.7 years) with normal fasting glucose on chronic bicarbonate hemodialysis. The dialysis prescription of 3-h sessions was changed only in terms of the glucose dialysate concentration, being either glucose free or containing 9.17 mmol/l (165 mg/dl) glucose; dialysates were potassium free. Twenty sessions were analyzed for each group by whole dialysate collection (glucose, potassium, phosphate) and serum concentration analysis during and post dialysis (glucose, potassium, phosphate, insulin). Glucose-free dialysis was associated with a patient net glucose loss of 113±12 mmol/session (nearly 20 g). Conversely, with the glucose-charged dialysate a small uptake of glucose was noted [13.8±2.1 mmol/session (nearly 2 g)]. At the end of the session, serum glucose was lower with the glucose-free dialysate (4.64±0.52 mmol/l) than the glucose-charged dialysate (6.11±0.92 mmol/l). Conversely, serum insulin was higher with the glucose-charged dialysate (38±17 mU/l) than the glucose-free dialysate (19±9 mU/l). There were no significant differences either for dialytic removal of potassium (70 vs. 73 mmol/session) or phosphate (20 vs. 22 mmol/session), with and without glucose dialysates. Our study, contrary to previously published data in adults, demonstrated that in children the use of a physiological concentration of glucose in the dialysate (165 mg/dl) avoids dialytic glucose loss without a significant decrease in dialytic potassium removal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 2 (1988), S. 442-446 
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Sequential hypertonic dialysis ; Sodium-free water clearance ; Cellular compartment mobilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sequential hypertonic dialysis (SHD) was studied in two binephrectomized children over a period of 6 weeks. Each dialysis session comprised four periods of 45 min. The concentration of sodium in the dialysate [Na(D)] during the first period was 190 mmol/l and during the second period 140 mmol/l. The sequence was then repeated. The sodium-free water clearance [C(ONa)] was calculated from the measurements of the ultrafiltrate clearance and of the sodium clearance. Despite the short periods of hypertonic dialysis, C(ONa) was positive, suggesting that water was removed from the intracellular compartment as well as from the extracellular fluid. The transfer of fluid from the intracellular space improved circulatory stability during rapid removal of large volumes of fluid by ultrafiltration. SHD was also associated with increased removal of potassium and phosphate. Comparison of clinical parameters before and during SHD showed a tendency towards increased sodium balance and the possibility of raised cardiovascular morbidity. SHD stabilized blood volume during ultrafiltration, encouraging removal of uraemic toxins. SHD with this levels of Na(D) is only a study dialysis method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 11 (1997), S. 193-195 
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words: Phosphate - Reduction ratio - Post dialysis phosphate rebound - Dialysis efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Despite low end dialysis serum phosphate levels (Pe) the control of phosphate retention remains often unsatisfactory in dialyzed patients. In order to assess the value of Pe in dialyzed children as an indicator of dialytic phosphate removal, we studied serum phosphate kinetics over the period of dialysis and post dialysis and compared these with urea kinetics. A multicenter study was conducted in the 21 French pediatric hemodialysis units and included 144 children under 15 years of age. Blood urea and phosphate concentrations were measured at the beginning, at 45 min later, at the end of dialysis, and 30 min post dialysis. At 60 min and at 360 min post dialysis measurements were made only for a subgroup of 12 children. From the serum levels, reduction ratios for urea (URR) and phosphate (PRR) and post dialysis rebound for urea (PDUR) and phosphate (PDPR) were calculated. URR (over the dialysis session, 72%±9%) was higher than PRR (47%±12%). Moreover, urea removal continued throughout the dialysis period, while most of the reduction in phosphate occurred in the initial dialysis period. Post dialysis urea rebound was limited to the 60th min post dialysis, whereas post dialysis phosphate rebound occurred until the 360th min post dialysis; by this time the serum phosphate levels had almost reached the predialysis levels. In summary, serum phosphate kinetics over dialysis and post dialysis periods in children appear to be misleading for the quantification of phosphate removal, i. e., phosphate clearance is a poor indicator of dialytic phosphate removal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper reviews the JRC-Ispra research activity on toxicological studies related to the environmental and occupational exposure of trace metals, as carried out by a combination of cell culture methodologies with nuclear and radioanalytical techniques. Applications concern the setting of uptake-effect relationships and the study of the mechanisms of toxicity of specific metals (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Mo, Se, V), as well as the establishment of ranking of metal toxicity by carrying out systematic studies (screening tests).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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