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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular proliferation and cytokine responses to polymethylmethacrylate particles in patients with a cemented total joint arthroplasty (1995)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 44 (1995), S. 145-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Biomaterials ; Cytokines ; Polymethylmethacrylate ; T cells ; Aseptic loosening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thein vitro response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from patients with cemented total hip or knee arthroplasties, and control individuals, to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was assessed by cell proliferation, cytokine production, and molecular techniques. After seven days in culture, a dose-dependent proliferative response to PMMA stimulation was observed in MNC from fifteen normal individuals. A concomitant dose-dependent production of both IL-1β and IL-2 in response to PMMA stimulation was detected. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) indicated that both IL-1β and IL-2 mRNA was present after 48 hours in culture with PMMA. Cellular proliferation and cytokine production (both IL-1β and IL-2) in 10 patients with stable, painless, well-functioning, cemented arthroplasties was significantly lower (p 〈 0.025) than normal controls and patients with aseptically loosened, painful, arthroplasties. The findings suggest that patients with stable cemented total joint arthroplasties are either inherently or adaptively less responsive to PMMA at a cellular level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782811
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The acute respiratory distress syndrome: Definitions, severity and clinical outcome An analysis of 101 clinical investigations (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 519-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: ARDS ; Severity ; Outcome ; Oxygenation index ; Ventilatory support
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To determine possible changes in outcome from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and to compare severity of lung injury and methods of treatment from 1967 to 1994. Data sources Computerized (Medline, Current Contents) and manual (Cumulated Index Medicus) literature search using the key word and/or title ARDS. Study selection Only clinical studies published as full papers reporting data on both patient mortality (survival) and oxygenation index (PaO2/FIO2) were included. Single case reports, abstracts, reviews and editorials were excluded from evaluation. Data extraction Relevant data were extracted in duplicate, followed by quality checks on approximately 80% of data extracted. Data synthesis 101 papers reporting on 3264 patients were included: 48 studies (2207 patients) were performed in the USA, 43 studies (742 patients) in Europe and 10 studies (315 patients) elsewhere. Mortality reported in these studies was 53±22% (mean±SD), with no apparent trend towards a higher survival (1994: 22 studies, mortality 51±19%). The mean PaO2/FIO2 ratio remained unchanged throughout the observation period (118±47 mmHg). No correlation could be established between outcome and PaO2/FIO2 or lung injury score. Patients who underwent pressure-limited ventilation had a significantly lower mortality (35±20%) than patients on volume-cycled ventilation (54±22%) or patients for whom there was no precise information on ventilatory support (59±19%). Significantly lower PaO2/FIO2 ratios (61±17 mmHg) were observed in patients prior to extracorporeal lung assist, together with mortality rates in the range of those for conventionally treated patients (55±22%). Conclusions The mortality of ARDS patients remained constant throughout the period studied. Therefore, the standard for outcome in ARDS should be a mortality in the 50% range. Neither PaO2/FIO2 ratio nor lung injury score was a reliable predictor for outcome in ARDS. Patients might benefit from pressure-limited ventilatory support, as well as extracorporeal lung assist. Since crucial data were missing in most clinical studies, thus preventing direct comparison, we emphasize the importance of using standardized definitions and study entry criteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01708091
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The acute respiratory distress syndrome: definitions, severity and clinical outcome (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 519-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words ARDS ; Severity ; Outcome ; Oxygenation index ; Ventilatory support
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To determine possible changes in outcome from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and to compare severity of lung injury and methods of treatment from 1967 to 1994. Data sources: Computerized (Medline, Current Contents) and manual (Cumulated Index Medicus) literature search using the key word and/or title ARDS. Study selection: Only clinical studies published as full papers reporting data on both patient mortality (survival) and oxygenation index (PaO2/FIO2) were included. Single case reports, abstracts, reviews and editorials were excluded from evaluation. Data extraction: Relevant data were extracted in duplicate, followed by quality checks on approximately 80% of data extracted. Data synthesis: 101 papers reporting on 3264 patients were included: 48 studies (2207 patients) were performed in the USA, 43 studies (742 patients) in Europe and 10 studies (315 patients) elsewhere. Mortality reported in these studies was 53±22% (mean±SD), with no apparent trend towards a higher survival (1994: 22 studies, mortality 51±19%). The mean PaO2/FIO2 ratio remained unchanged throughout the observation period (118±47 mmHg). No correlation could be established between outcome and PaO2/FIO2 or lung injury score. Patients who underwent pressure-limited ventilation had a significantly lower mortality (35±20%) than patients on volume-cycled ventilation (54±22%) or patients for whom there was no precise information on ventilatory support (59±19%). Significantly lower PaO2/FIO2 ratios (61±17 mmHg) were observed in patients prior to extracorporeal lung assist, together with mortality rates in the range of those for conventionally treated patients (55±22%). Conclusions: The mortality of ARDS patients remained constant throughout the period studied. Therefore, the standard for outcome in ARDS should be a mortality in the 50% range. Neither PaO2/FIO2 ratio nor lung injury score was a reliable predictor for outcome in ARDS. Patients might benefit from pressure-limited ventilatory support, as well as extracorporeal lung assist. Since crucial data were missing in most clinical studies, thus preventing direct comparison, we emphasize the importance of using standardized definitions and study entry criteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01708091
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The classification and recording of ''social problems''
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Social Science and Medicine. Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology 12 (1978), S. 255-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0160-7979
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0160-7979(78)90206-0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geographic variation in growth and food conversion efficiency of juvenile Atlantic halibut related to latitude (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 56 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Higher growth capacity and food conversion efficiency was observed in populations of juvenile halibut from high Hippoglossus hippoglossus compared lower latitudes. In addition, temperature adaptation shown by the lower temperature optimum for growth in the Norwegian population (mean±S.E. 12·9±0·10 C) compared with the Icelandic and Canadian populations (14·2±0·2 and 13·9±0±30 C respectively), seems to occur. Overall the data support the hypothesis of countergradient variation in growth. These results have implications firstly for selection focusing on growth performance in halibut culture; and secondly, for safe prediction of growth, since if countergradient variation in growth performance occurs one cannot assume automatically that a species will respond to the same set of physiological parameters in the same way throughout its range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2000.tb02106.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress response to tracheal intubation: direct laryngoscopy compared with blind oral intubation (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Haemodynamic and hormonal responses to tracheal intubation can be profound and associated with serious cardiovascular and cerebral side effects. The Augustine Guide, a device enabling blind oral intubation, has been introduced recently. The aim of our study was to compare the haemodynamic and hormonal stress response of this method with direct laryngoscopy. Thirty five patients (ASA 1 and 2) were randomly assigned to undergo either direct laryngoscopy (n = 17), or blind oral intubation (n = 18). Haemodynamic responses and concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline and prolactin were determined prior to induction, before intubation and 5 min after intubation. The median duration of intubation was 22 s for direct laryngoscopy vs 46 s for blind oral intubation (p 〈 0.05). Between the groups, no significant differences were observed for heart rate, systolic or mean arterial blood pressure. Serum levels of adrenaline decreased slightly after induction and remained unaltered after intubation in both groups. Noradrenaline (1.01 vs 0.66 nmol.l-1) and prolactin (5.2 vs 2.9 nmol.l-1) levels were significantly higher after direct laryngoscopy compared to blind oral intubation. Although blind oral intubation took significantly longer to perform than direct laryngoscopy, hormonal stress response was less pronounced. Blind oral intubation should therefore not be withheld from patients with impaired cardiovascular reserve.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1995.tb04506.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slaughtering method and dietary α-tocopheryl acetate supplementation affect rigor mortis and fillet shelf-life of turbot Scophthalmus maximus L. (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of dietary α-tocopheryl acetate supplementation and different slaughtering methods were investigated on the flesh quality of farmed market-size turbot Scophthalmus maximus (L). Turbot were divided into three groups and fed commercial diets, supplemented with different levels of α-tocopheryl acetate at the following dietary inclusion levels: 72 (100), 547 (500), 969 (1000) (mg of α-tocopheryl acetate kg−1 diet, analytical values with diet codes in brackets). After 5 months, fish (mean weight 1056 ± 19.7 g) from each dietary treatment were sampled, applying three different slaughtering methods: (A) bleeding in ice water; (B) thermal shock, no bleeding; (C) percussion followed by bleeding in ice water. The time course of rigor mortis was evaluated, using pH, rigor index and mechanical compression tests. The results showed that the three parameters corresponded very well. Percussive stunning resulted in higher initial post-mortem pH (P 〈 0.01) and a significantly delayed onset of rigor mortis (P 〈 0.05). Diet significantly affected shelf-life, with fillets from fish fed diets 500 and 1000 having lower TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) numbers from day 2 (P 〈 0.001) and less colour deterioration from day 7 of storage on ice onwards (P 〈 0.05). These results suggest that an increase in dietary α-tocopheryl acetate before slaughter as well as careful selection of the slaughtering method may greatly enhance the flesh quality of market-size turbot.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2002.00707.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth, feed utilization and growth heterogeneity in juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus (Rafinesque) under different photoperiod regimes (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Juvenile turbot (45 g, SE = 1.3) were reared under three photoperiods, 08L:16D, 12L:12D and 20L:04D at slightly elevated ambient temperature for Ireland. Over the 297-day experimental period, the overall growth rate of the 12L:12D (0.82% d−1) treatment was higher than for both 08L:16D (0.80% d−1) and 20L:04D (0.77% d−1). Overall relative feed intake (FI = % consumption*day−1) was higher for the 20L:04D (FI = 0.81% d−1, SE = 0.06) treatment than for the 08L:16D (0.63% d−1, 0.04) and 12L:12D (0.64% d−1 0.04) treatments, whereas feed conversion efficiency (FCE = weight gain* consumption−1) was lower in the 20L:04D (FCE = 0.67, SE = 0.08) group when compared with the 08L:16D (0.88, 0.06) and 12L:12D (0.88, 0.06) treatments. Present results show that the long-term extended fixed photoperiod may act as an irritant, inducing stress, suppressing growth and reducing feed utilization. It is hypothesized that the progression of size-dependent hierarchies over time can be divided into two distinct phases herein referred to as ‘hierarchy resolution’ and ‘hierarchy stabilization’ phases (or phases 1 and 2) characterized by increasing and decreasing growth heterogeneity respectively. Growth heterogeneity is measured as coefficient of variation of weight and rank correlation of initial weight of a phase and corresponding growth rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2002.00651.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A cryogenic amplifier for direct measurement of high-frequency signals from a single-electron transistor (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 2884-2886 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have developed a cryogenic voltage amplifier using GaAs metal semiconductor field effect transistors and coupled it to a superconducting single-electron transistor (SET) inside a dilution refrigerator. With this amplifier, we could extend the maximum output frequency of the SET, normally less than a kilohertz, up to 1 MHz. By placing this amplifier off-chip, we could maintain the low SET temperature required for proper SET operation. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124046
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging of hyperpolarized 129Xe produced by spin exchange with diode-laser pumped Cs (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 2666-2668 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the results of experiments leading to the production of an image of a polarized 129Xe sample prepared by spin exchange with Cs, optically pumped with a spectrally narrowed 894.3 nm diode laser. Representative images of the average electron spin polarization are shown. Appreciable cesium electron polarization values were achieved, and a nuclear polarization of about 2.5% was measured for 129Xe. The absolute nuclear polarization was measured by water-calibrated free induction decay of the nuclear magnetic resonance signal, and the polarized xenon imaged using a 2 T magnetic resonance imaging system. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122547
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