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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Manuscripta mathematica 44 (1983), S. 35-44 
    ISSN: 1432-1785
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A typical result of this paper is the following: A closed linear operator T between Banach spaces X and Y is lower semi-Fredholm iff it is a rk-(=relatively compact)surjection, i.e. for every bounded sequence (yn) in Y there is a bounded sequence (xn) in D(T) such that (yn−Txn) is relatively compact in Y. The concept of co-(rk- and wk-)injections and surjections are introduced to characterize semi-Fredholm properties (in the usual or generalized sense). This is done also by new operator moduli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 6 (1983), S. 225-233 
    ISSN: 0160-2527
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Psychology , Law
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Three Lolium perenne L. genotypes collected from different natural habitats were tested for the effects of their fungal endophyte Neotyphodium spp. on plant growth and seed yield. Half the clones of the originally infected plants were subjected to fungicide treatment to eradicate the endophytes. In an experiment, the clones were planted separately into pots and were either watered adequately or subjected to drought stress. In the genotype collected from a dry site, the endophyte infection reduced plant growth at an adequate water supply, but increased regrowth under drought. In the genotype from a periodically either flooded or dry site, endophyte infection significantly promoted the development of reproductive tillers and seed production (effects which are associated with adaptation to drought). In contrast, the genotype that originated from a wet site showed higher sensitivity to drought stress when endophyte infection was present. The results suggest that environmental conditions in the original habitat of the plants may influence the symbiotic interaction between plant and fungus, probably through natural selection. However, endophyte-induced increases in root dry weight and root/shoot ratio were recorded for all three genotypes. These features could be beneficial for plant persistence, especially on sites where water is the growth-limiting factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Recent studies demonstrate reduced interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secretion in neonates who became atopic later in life. The underlying pathomechanism is still unknown. We therefore examined the effects of bacterial products on neonatal IFN-γ production acting through different T-cell- or antigen-presenting-cell (APC)-stimulating mechanisms: cord-blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), staphylococcal enterotoxin E (SEE), or a combination of both and restimulated with PMA and ionomycin. LPS and SEE as single stimuli induced IFN-γ production to the same extent in CBMC of neonates with high and low risk of atopy. In contrast, a combination of LPS and SEE had a multiplying effect on IFN-γ secretion only in CBMC of neonates with low risk of atopy. Phenotype analysis revealed that only memory T cells showed impaired IFN-γ synthesis (median 3.6% IFN-γ-producing cells vs 14.2% in controls; P 〈 0.01), whereas IFN-γ production by naive T cells did not differ in either group. Taken together, these results point to the existence of a disturbed function of costimulatory mechanisms in neonates at high risk of atopy, provoking reduced memory T-cell IFN-γ production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 67 (1996), S. 947-952 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hermann F. Hoffmann ; Nationalsozialismus ; Biologismus ; Psychiatriegeschichte ; Key words Hermann F. Hoffmann ; National Socialism ; Biologism ; History of psychiatry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary This study covers the life and scientific work of Hermann F. Hoffmann who was a disciple of Robert Gaup and in 1936 took over from him as head of the psychiatric clinic at the University of Tübingen. As a scientist, Hoffmann was especially involved in research into genetic problems in psychiatry. He introduced a new approach to some premises of the so-called Tübingen Psychiatric School. In 1933, he joined the NSDAP and became one of the most prominent members of the National Socialist party at the University of Tübingen. From then on, he saw himself as a prophet of a new “biological” philosophy of life. From the present point of view, Hoffmann is something of a contradiction. On the one hand, he was a good doctor and a serious scientist; on the other, he promoted biologistic ideology and a criminal regime. These biographical inconsistencies point to some inconsistencies in the history of psychiatry itself with its dialectics of philanthropy and discrimination.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Überblick über das Leben und das wissenschaftliche Werk Hermann F. Hoffmanns gegeben. Hoffmann war als Schüler und Nachfolger Robert Gaupps von 1936–1944 Direktor der Tübinger Universitätsnervenklinik. Wissenschaftlich befaßte er sich besonders mit Fragen der psychiatrischen Vererbungslehre, wobei er auf eine originelle Weise Grundpositionen der sog. Tübinger Schule variierte. Nach seinem NSDAP-Beitritt 1933 gehörte Hoffmann zu den einflußreichsten Nationalsozialisten an der Universität Tübingen. Er verstand sich nunmehr als Wegbereiter einer neuen, „biologischen“ Weltanschauung. Aus heutiger Sicht erscheint die Person Hoffmanns merkwürdig gebrochen. Neben traditioneller ärztlicher Haltung und ernsthafter Wissenschaftlichkeit findet man bei ihm biologistisches Denken und Engagement für ein verbrecherisches Regime. Diese biographischen Widersprüche weisen auf Widersprüche in der Geschichte der Psychiatrie selbst hin mit ihrer Dialektik von Humanität und Ausgrenzung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 70 (1999), S. 657-661 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter EKT ; Elektrokrampftherapie ; Betreuungsgesetz ; Key words ECT ; Electroconvulsive therapy ; § 1904 German Civil Code
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary If patients who need electroconvulsive therapy are unable to consent, it is necessary to gain the guardian’s permission to carry out the treatment. It remains unclear if, due to possible side effects, it is necessary to gain an additional approval from the Guardianship Court according to § 1904 of German Civil Code (BGB). The high court of Hamburg (Landgericht Hamburg) decided that legal permission is necessary as a result of the risk of persisting retrograde amnesia and the ensuing danger of permanent damage to the patient’s health. This paper points out however, that electroconvulsive therapy, even considering the contraindications, is a safe and effective treatment for depression and schizophrenic psychoses. Application of unilateral short-pulse stimulation reduces the frequency and intensity of cognitive side effects. In particular, retrograde amnesia is very rare with regard to frequency and intensity and is negligible when compared with the dangers of the illness itself. There- fore, it is not necessary to apply for approval from the Guardianship Court.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Besteht bei einwilligungsunfähigen Patienten die Indikation zur Durchführung einer Elektrokrampftherapie (EKT), ist die Genehmigung des Betreuers zur Durchführung der Heilbehandlung erforderlich. Unklar ist, ob aufgrund von eventuellen Nebenwirkungen zusätzlich eine vormundschaftsgerichtliche Genehmigungspflicht im Sinne des § 1904 BGB anzunehmen ist. Das Landgericht Hamburg war unter Verweis auf das Risiko persistierender retrograder Amnesien von der begründeten Gefahr eines länger dauernden gesundheitlichen Schadens ausgegangen und hatte die Genehmigungspflicht bejaht. Die Elektrokrampftherapie ist jedoch unter Beachtung der Kontraindikationen eine sichere und effektive Therapiemaßnahme zur Behandlung von Depressionen und schizophrenen Psychosen. Die Anwendung der unilateralen Kurzpulsstimulation reduziert die Häufigkeit und Ausprägung der kognitiven Nebenwirkungen. Insbesondere retrograde Amnesien treten nur sehr selten und in einer Ausprägung auf, die angesichts der Gefährdungen durch die Grunderkrankung zu vernachlässigen ist. Eine vormundschaftsgerichtliche Genehmigungspflicht im Rahmen des Betreuungsgesetzes ist nach Meinung der Autoren zu verneinen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computing 33 (1984), S. 363-366 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 65D30 ; Interpolatory quadrature formulae ; definiteness ; ultraspherical polynomials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Nichtdefinitheit der Quadraturformeln von Clenshaw und Curtis und verwandter Formeln mit mehr als drei Stützstellen wird gezeigt.
    Notes: Abstract The nondefiniteness of the Clenshaw-Curtis and related quadrature formulae having more than three nodes is shown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archiv der Mathematik 69 (1997), S. 40-51 
    ISSN: 1420-8938
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. Let L be a monic operator polynomial on a Banach space X. For a compact set $ \sigma $ of complex numbers X (L, $ \sigma $ ) denotes the set of all vectors x such that $ L^{-1}(\,\cdot\,)\,x $ has a holomorphic extension to the complement of $ \sigma $ . A relative open-and-closed subset $ \sigma $ of $ \sigma (L) $ (the spectrum of L) is called a spectral set of L if X (L, $ \sigma $ ) + X (L, $ \sigma (L) \setminus \sigma )$ = X. The main characterization reads as follows: A set is a spectral set of L iff the corresponding spectral projection of the companion operator is block diagonal with identical projections as blocks. These projections have a contour integral representation and their ranges have the covenient properties reminiscent to the spectral theory of linear operators. The special cases of a singleton or a pole being a spectral set is characterized; in these cases certain special Jordan chains exist. Further, the connection between the spectral sets of two polynomials and the spectral sets of their product is studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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