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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hypotension ; Monitoring ; Elektroenzephalogramm ; Früh akustisch evozierte Potentiale (FAEP) ; Key words Hypotension ; Monitoring ; Electroencephalogram ; Brain-stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract For surgical removal of a malignant choroid melanoma, it is necessary to reduce systolic blood pressure to around 50–60 mmHg in order to prevent choroidal haemorrhages. However, blood pressure reduction is associated with the risk of cerebral ischaemia. We report a patient with a malignant choroid melanoma in whom waves I and II of the brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) disappeared during surgery under controlled arterial hypotension and hypothermia (31.1° C). The waves could be recorded again immediately after the mean arterial pressure was increased from 48 to 77 mmHg. The oesophageal temperature had dropped by 0.3° C at this time. The 2-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) showed no irregularities during this time period. A bilateral, reversible, apparently blood-pressure-dependent loss of waves I and II during arterial hypotension despite a normal EEG has to our knowledge not been previously described in the literature. The isolated loss of waves I and II with maintenance of waves III, IV, and V is unusual. The literature contains reports of acoustic neurinoma patients in whom only wave V could be recorded. This is regarded as an indication of continued impulse conduction despite the loss of waves I to IV. Others have observed a patient with temporary and reversible loss of BAEP wave I due to vasospasm of the internal auditory artery that apparently occurred during or shortly after manipulation of the internal auditory meatus. Assuming anatomic peculiarities in the blood supply to the generators of the BAEP waves, a stenosis of the basilar artery could be considered as the cause of the bilateral reversible loss of waves I and II. Another potential source could be the induced hypothermia, but this does not seem very likely because the patient's temperature was 0.3° C lower at the return of the waves than at their loss.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über einen Patienten mit einem malignen Melanom der Aderhaut, bei dem es intraoperativ unter kontrollierter Hypotension und Hypothermie (31,3° C) zum Verlust der Wellen I und II der frühen akustisch evozierten Potentiale (FAEP) kam. Nach Anhebung des mittleren arteriellen Drucks von 48 auf 77 mmHg waren die FAEP-Wellen sofort wieder ableitbar, obwohl die ösophageale Temperatur um 0,3° C abgefallen war. Das ebenfalls abgeleitete 2-Kanal-Elektroenzephalogramm (EEG) zeigte im betreffenden Zeitraum keine Auffälligkeiten. Ein beidseitiger reversibler, offensichtlich blutdruckabhängiger Ausfall der Wellen I und II während Hypotension bei gleichzeitig unauffälligem EEG ist unseres Wissens bisher in der Literatur nicht beschrieben. Der isolierte Verlust der Wellen I und II bei erhaltenen Wellen III, IV und V ist ungewöhnlich. In der Literatur sind aber Patienten mit Akustikusneurinom beschrieben, bei denen nur die Welle V abgeleitet werden konnte. Ebenso ist ein Fall mit temporärem Verlust von FAEP-Welle I beschrieben. Als Ursache wird eine lokale Minderperfusion wegen Vasospasmus während Manipulationen in Strukturen des Meatus akustikus internus diskutiert. Ausgehend von anatomisch-physiologischen Besonderheiten der Blutversorgung der Generatoren der FAEP-Wellen kann eine Stenose der Arteria basilaris als Ursache für den beidseitigen reversiblen Ausfall der Wellen I und II diskutiert werden. Der Erhalt der Wellen III bis V könnte für eine retrograde Füllung der A. basilaris aus dem Stromgebiet des Circulus Willisii sprechen. Wir interpretieren den beidseitigen Ausfall der Wellen I und II als Folge der Minderperfusion des betreffenden Hirngewebes. Die gleichzeitig bestehende Hypothermie scheidet als Ursache für den temporären Verlust der Wellen I und II aus, weil die Temperatur des Patienten beim Wiederauftreten der Wellen I und II 0,3° C niedriger war als bei ihrem Verlust.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 29 (1977), S. 367-385 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Horizontal cells ; Retinal local circuit neurons ; Cat retina ; Flicker responses ; S-Potentials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the cat's retina we analyzed the sinewave light flicker response nonlinearity of Hm-type horizontal cells. (For a description of the three types of dynamic responses of cat retinal H-units see Foerster et al., 1977). For equal decreases in the Hm-response amplitude an increase in stimulus frequency had a much stronger linearizing effect than a decrease in stimulus area. Thus the distortion is not simply proportional to response amplitude. Both Hm- and Hn-units had frequency dependent nonlinear area-response functions. The receptive field of Hm-units increased dramatically with stimulus frequency, e.g. from 1 ° at 1 Hz to 8 ° or more at 44 Hz. Intensity transfer data could be described by the function Lb· (ob+Lb)−1 with b ≈ 1 for Hm-units and b ≈ 0.5 for Hn-units. Distortion values predicted from intensity transfer data were too high. It was also found that higher harmonics were attenuated more than the first harmonic at increasing frequencies. Therefore it appeared that some filtering preceded the amplitude compression stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 29 (1977), S. 347-366 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Horizontal Cells ; Cat retina ; Frequency transfer ; Local oscillations ; Flicker responses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intracellular responses of horizontal cells in the retina were recorded from the intact eye in situ of anesthetized and paralyzed cats. The responses to large (15×15 °) high modulation (0.6–0.9) photopic (140–200 cd/m2) sinewave light stimuli could be grouped unequivocally into three distinct classes on the basis of the critical flicker frequency (CFF); Hn-units had a CFF of 25–40 Hz, Hm-units of 55–70 Hz and Hw-units of 95–110 Hz. For some stimulus situations small oscillations could be seen in Hm-responses (resonance frequency of about 43 Hz) and Hw-responses (resonance frequency 95 Hz). Hn-responses never showed such an oscillatory tendency. Frequency transfer functions are presented for the three types of H-units and a phenomenological model is discussed that describes these results quantitatively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 229 (1991), S. 497-497 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 229 (1991), S. 499-499 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 235 (1997), S. 672-673 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 238 (2000), S. 94-97 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  · Background: A study was carried out to evaluate the regional variance of retinal dysfunction in chloroquine retinopathy. · Methods: In three patients with different stages of chloroquine retinopathy, ophthalmologic evaluations including recording of full-field electroretinogram (ISCEV standard) and multifocal electroretinogram were performed. · Results: In one patient with mild chloroquine retinopathy the visual acuity, visual fields and full-field electroretinogram were normal, but retinal dysfunction was indicated by color vision disturbances. The second patient had moderate chloroquine retinopathy with normal visual acuity, visual fields and dark-adapted full-field electroretinogram; light-adapted and flicker full-field electroretinogram responses were, however, borderline and color vision was abnormal. The third patient had severe chloroquine retinopathy with reduced visual acuity, visual field and color vision defects, and a reduced full-field electroretinogram. In the multifocal electroretinogram, recorded with 61 hexagons, amplitudes and implicit times were evaluated in rings surrounding the center. In all three patients severe dysfunction (either amplitudes or implicit times) was found in the parafoveal and perifoveal areas. In the fovea and towards the periphery the function was normal or only moderately reduced. · Conclusion: Chloroquine retinopathy of different severity presents with characteristic alterations in the multifocal electroretinogram. Regional distribution of cone dysfunction is in agreement with previously reported histologic findings. The multifocal electroretinogram can detect retinal dysfunction in chloroquine retinopathy even when the full-field electroretinogram is normal and retinal alterations are subtle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 238 (2000), S. 916-921 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Background: To evaluate the significance of angioma number (single or multiple) for the presence of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease in patients presenting with capillary retinal angioma. Methods: Forty-one nonrelated patients presenting with capillary retinal angioma were evaluated. An ophthalmic workup, screening for other organ lesions, and molecular genetic screening for a mutation of the VHL gene was performed. The diagnosis of VHL was made on the basis of the personal and family history, the presence of other VHL-associated organ lesions, or the presence of a mutation of the VHL gene. Results: Thirteen patients (32%) presented with a single angioma and 28 patients (68%) presented with multiple angiomas. In 81% of all patients, VHL could be diagnosed. Diagnosis of VHL could be readily made by the personal or family history in 51% of all patients. In another 27% of all patients, VHL disease was evidenced by screening for other VHL-associated lesions. In two patients (3%) VHL could be diagnosed by molecular genetics only. All patients with multiple retinal angiomas had VHL disease and, in 38% of patients with a single angioma, VHL was present. Reasons for a missing family history in patients with VHL disease were the presence of a de novo mutation (15% of VHL patients) or clinical anticipation of VHL disease (18% of VHL patients). Conclusion: The presence of multiple retinal angiomas strongly suggests VHL disease, which, however, can be obscured by presence of a de novo mutation or by clinical anticipation of VHL disease in affected families. A single retinal angioma may be sporadic as well as the presenting sign of VHL. Diagnosis and screening for this multitumor syndrome is substantially supported by molecular genetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Onkologe 5 (1999), S. 805-812 
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Retinale Angiome werden unterschieden in solche vom kapillären Typ und solche vom kavernösen Typ. Daneben ist der Typ des razemösen Angioms beschrieben worden, mit dem im allgemeinen eine arterio-venöse Malformation beim Wyburn-Mason Syndrom bezeichnet wird [2]. In dieser Übersicht werden die kapillären Angiome abgehandelt, während die kavernösen Angiome differentialdiagnostisch erwähnt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 224 (1986), S. 336-340 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The results of local beta ray radiation of 295 eyes containing a uveal melanoma (including 74 melanomas of the anterior choroid and ciliary body) are presented with special respect to the complications of treatment. The most frequent complications were radiation retinopathy and optic neuropathy. Complications known to occur from other radiation methods, such as dry eye syndrome, loss of cilia, and scleral necrosis, did not occur in our series. The incidence of radiation cataract, as compared to the treatment with60Co plaques, was lower in our series. An average of 700 Gy delivered to the scleral base of the tumor was needed for uveal melanomas which could be destroyed. This radiation dose resulted in a 10% incidence of radiation retinopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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