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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glucose ; insulin ; C-peptide ; diabetic ; ultradian rhythm ; enteral nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Concomitant oscillations of plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide levels with a period of about 80 min between peak levels have been identified in normal man. To determine whether these oscillations persist in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, peripheral plasma levels of glucose, insulin and C-peptide were measured at 10 min intervals over 12 h in six patients and in six matched control subjects during continuous enterai nutrition (90 kcal.h−1; 50% carbohydrate, 35% fat, 15% protein). The insulin secretion rate was estimated from peripheral C-peptide levels using an open two-compartment model. For the control subjects, mean plasma glucose, insulin and insulin secretion profiles rose sharply and then attained a steady-state; in contrast, for the diabetic patients, the mean insulin and insulin secretion profiles were characterized by a slow ascending trend throughout the day. Mean glucose levels rose sharply and reached higher levels than in the control subjects. The individual 12 h profiles revealed synchronous oscillations of plasma glucose, plasma insulin, and insulin secretion in the control subjects. In the diabetic patients, the number of plasma insulin and insulin secretion pulses was significantly lower; they had a smaller amplitude and were less frequently associated with the glucose pulses. However, plasma glucose levels had a similar oscillatory pattern in the diabetic patients compared with the control subjects, albeit with a higher absolute amplitude. The poor association between glucose and insulin secretion pulses in the diabetic patients suggests that insulin pulses are insufficient to account for the glucose pulses. Slowness in the dynamics of insulin secretion may explain the large initial rise in glucose in the diabetic patients under continuous enteral nutrition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1984), S. 173-179 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: benzodiazepine ; thermoregulation ; sleep ; rectal temperature ; mean skin temperature ; noise ; triazolam ; cortisol excretion ; urinary catecholamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of a benzodiazepine (triazolam) on the body temperature of poor sleepers during nights disturbed by airplane noises has been examined. Subjects were divided into 3 groups each of 8 men. Following a double-blind design, Group A (controls) received a placebo for 6 consecutive nights, Group B received 0.25 mg triazolam, and Group C received 0.5 mg triazolam on nights N3, N4 and N5. On all other nights Group B and C subjects received placebo. For all 3 groups, nights N3 and N5 were disturbed by 32, semi-randomly distributed airplane noises. Air and wall temperatures (To=20°C), and air humidity (Tdp=10°C), were kept constant. Rectal temperature and 4 local skin temperatures were recorded from each subject. Urine samples were collected each morning for measurement of cortisol and catecholamine levels. Noise was found to cause an increase in body heat storage, but only in Group A. Both drug groups showed impairment of body heat balance. The hypothermic action of triazolam could be explained both by a central action of the drug on the thermoregulatory controller and by a peripheral action on blood vessels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biological Psychology 21 (1985), S. 123-132 
    ISSN: 0301-0511
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0301-0511
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of pineal research 18 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: As for many hormones, melatonin levels in the blood suggest that it is discharged from the pineal gland in a pulsatile manner. Recently, the existence of short-term episodes, superimposed on the circadian pattern of circulating melatonin, has been questioned. Because plasma melatonin levels reflect not only the secretory process, but also the effects of distribution and degradation, secretory rates were estimated from peripheral levels, using a deconvolution procedure. Fourteen healthy volunteers were studied during the night, while sleeping in the dark (2300–0700), and seven of them subsequently were used in a replicate study. Plasma melatonin levels were measured at 10-min intervals by a direct, specific radioimmunoassay. Pulse analysis was performed using the computer program ULTRA. Approximately 30% more pulses were detected on the overall secretory profiles than on plasma profiles. The pulses occurred at random intervals and were often superimposed on tonic basal secretion. Their number, amplitude, and distribution over time were variable depending on subjects. Also the mean melatonin secretory rate varied more than threefold across individuals. Despite the large interindividual variability, the subjects, who were used in replicate experiment, displayed a rather similar secretory profile. We conclude that in normal adult men, melatonin secretion undergoes two distinct secretory modes, in which episodic secretion is superimposed on tonic secretion in subject-dependent variable proportions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 30 (1987), S. 769-773 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Plasma glucose ; insulin ; C-peptide ; meals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Postprandial plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide profiles were studied in eight normal subjects, in the afternoon or in the evening. Two to five synchronous oscillations, with a mean period of 51 to 112 min were detected. The oscillations were highest after meals and were then damped, reverting to fasting levels after up to 340 min. Additional short-term oscillations, with periods of 20–30 min and 9–14 min, were observed. Cross-correlation studies of glucose and insulin and of insulin and C-peptide revealed a high correlation in the frequency bands considered. The synchronous oscillations of insulin and C-peptide suggest cyclic variations in pancreatic secretion rather than cyclic changes in insulin degradation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 36 (1977), S. 239-246 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Plasma cortisol ; Noise exposure ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this investigation was to assess the modification in the temporal pattern of plasma cortisol levels during exposure to noises of different intensities, frequencies and durations. Plasma cortisol concentrations were measured from 08.00 h to 15.00 h at 10 min intervals in eight subjects on a control day and one or two exposure days. Noise exposures induced no significant increase in plasma cortisol concentration. It is concluded that noise, at “safe” levels for human hearing conservation, when not associated with other potentially noxious stimuli does not cause hyperactivity of the pituitary-adrenocortical system. These results do not tally with those from animal studies where noise is known to activate corticotrophin (ACTH) secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Aldosterone regulation ; Plasma electrolytes ; Rectal temperature ; Sweat loss
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of 90-min heat exposure (46
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 52 (1984), S. 225-229 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Hidromeiosis ; Aldosterone ; Antidiuretic hormone ; Renin activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of humid heat (Ta=43
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 58 (1989), S. 674-679 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Plasma volume ; Osmolarity ; Hormones ; Exercise ; Hydration state
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study examines the effect of the initial state of hydration on hormone responses to prolonged exercise in the heat. Five subjects at two initial hydration levels (hypohydrated and hyperhydrated) were exposed to a 36°C environment for 3 h of intermittent exercise. During exercise, the subjects were either fluid-deprived, or rehydrated with water or an isotonic electrolyte sucrose solution (ISO). Both the stress hormones, adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol, and the main fluid regulatory hormones, aldosterone, renin activity (PRA) and arginine vasopressin (AVP), were measured in blood samples taken every hour. Prior hyperhydration significantly reduced initial AVP, aldosterone and PRA levels. However, except for AVP, which responded to exercise significantly less in previously hyperhydrated subjects (p〈0.05), the initial hydration state did not influence the subsequent vascular and hormonal responses when the subjects were fluid-deprived while exercising. Concurrent rehydration, either with water or with ISO, reduced or even abolished the hormonal responses. There were no significant differences according to the initial hydration state, except for PRA responses, which were significantly lower (p〈0.01) in previously hyperhydrated subjects who also received water during exercise. These results indicate that prior hydration levels influence only slightly the hormonal responses to prolonged exercise in the heat. Progressive rehydration during exercise, especially when extra electrolytes are given, is more efficient in maintaining plasma volume and osmolarity and in reducing the hormonal responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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