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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The polychlorinated biphenyl Aroclor® 1254 was released in an accidental leakage of heat-exchange fluid from an industrial plant, into the Escambia River, near Pensacola, Florida, USA. This material was carried downstream, and is now found in the fauna of Escambia Bay and its contiguous waters, prime nursery areas for fishes and invertebrates such as penaeid shrimp. The significance of pollution by this chemical was assessed by establishing toxicity levels, determining routes of entry, and investigating its movement and distribution in various tissues of shrimp under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Aroclor 1254 added to the water was toxic to the juvenile pink shrimp Penaeus duorarum at a concentration of 1.0 part per billion within 15 days, but was less
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Young oysters (Crassostrea virginica) were continuously exposed to Aroclor® 1254, a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), in flowing, unfiltered seawater. Growth rate (height and in-water weight) was significantly reduced (α=0.05) in oysters exposed to 5 μg/l (ppb) for 24 weeks. Growth rate was not affected in oysters exposed to 1 ppb for 30 weeks. Mortality was not significant in exposed and control groups. In oysters exposed to 5 ppb, greatest PCB residue (whole body) was 425 mg/kg (ppm), 85,000x the concentration in the water, and less than 0.3 ppm was retained after 28 weeks depuration in PCB-free water. In oysters exposed to 1 ppb, greatest residue was 101 ppm, 101,000x the concentration in the water, and less than 0.2 ppm was retained after 12 weeks depuration. Examination of oysters exposed to 5 ppb of this PCB for pathogenesis revealed atrophy of digestive diverticular epithelium and degeneration of vesicular connective tissues concomitant with leukocytic infiltration, but tissue recovery seemed excellent after 12 weeks depuration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 11 (1974), S. 303-308 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Passage of foil-excited 1.4 MeV/A S and 1.1 MeV/A Cl ions of neon charge state ∼ 12+ through neon gas targets at pressure ∼100 mTorr has been found to be accompanied by copious production of Ne II–VIII excited states. Comparable excitation cross-sections ∼10−18 cm2 are found for a large number of levels belonging to all of these charge states and corresponding to principal quantum numbersn=2, 3, 4. Vacancy distributions very similar to those found in beam-foil excitation of ∼1MeV neon beams are found. Because the Ne recoil velocities are small compared to the fast beam velocities characteristic of the beam-foil source, it is possible to reduce both Doppler shifts and spreads by 3–4 order of magnitude for equivalent collimation. It has also been found that there is an excitation cross-section change of a factor ∼5 for a corresponding projectile charge state change from 6+ to 12+, that efforts to classifyK x-ray satellite spectra byLshell vacancy labels (KL 0,KL 1,...) are probably inaccurate due to extensive population ofn≧3 spectator levels, that both the recoil ion and beam-foil spectra exhibit few lines withn≧4, and that for the allowed transitions studied here, collisional excited states quenching effects due to the ∼100mTorr target gas pressures used are negligible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 3 (1975), S. 371-383 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four 28-day seasonal experiments were conducted using selected estuarine animals in outdoor tanks that received continuous flow of mirex-laden water. Mirex (dodecachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta [cd] pentalene) leached from fire ant bait (0.3% mirex) by fresh water and then mixed with salt water was toxic to blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus), pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum), and grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) but not to sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus), at concentrations less than 0.53μg/L in water. The amount of leaching was greatest in summer and least in spring. Greatest mortality occurred in summer at the highest water temperature and concentration of mirex; least mortality occurred in spring at next to the lowest temperature and at the lowest concentration. Earliest deaths of blue crabs occurred after six days of exposure and shrimps after two days. Small juvenile crabs were more sensitive to leached mirex than were large juveniles. Mirex did not appear to affect growth or frequency of molting in crabs. All exposed animals concentrated mirex. Among animals that survived for 28 days, sheepshead minnows concentrated mirex 40,800X above the concentration in the water, blue crabs 2,300X, pink shrimp 10,000X, and grass shrimp 10,800X. Sand substrata contained mirex up to 770X that in the water. Most control and exposed animals in samples examined histologically had normal tissues, but alteration in gills of some exposed fish and natural pathogens in some exposed and control crabs and shrimp were observed. The experiments demonstrated that mirex can be leached from bait by fresh water, concentrated by estuarine organisms, and can be toxic to crabs and shrimps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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