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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leucaena leucocephala seedling response to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation in soils with varying levels of inherent mycorrhizal effectiveness (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 111-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Glomus aggregatum ; Leucaena leucocephala ; Pinnule ; P status ; Tropical soils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The symbiotic effectiveness of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi present in widely differring tropical soils was evaluated in a greenhouse experiment. Small volumes of field soil, a standard inoculum (Glomus aggregatum) or both were introduced into a fumigated sand-soil medium amended with nutrients for optimum VAM activity. Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit var. K8 was grown in the medium as an indicator plant. VAM effectiveness was monitored as a function of time by determining the P status of pinnules. The soils differed from each other with respect to the time their endophytes required for the expression of initial and maximum effectiveness and in the level of maximum effectiveness they exhibited. The effect of mycorrhizal inoculation, calculated as the ratio of the areas enclosed by the effectiveness curve of G. aggregatum to that enclosed by the effectiveness curves of test soils, was found to be a good indicator of the response of L. leucocephala to inoculation of soils with G. aggregatum
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257753
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An efficient one—dimensional search procedure for barrier functions (1973)
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 4 (1973), S. 279-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In minimizing interior penalty functions, most of the computational time is spent on the one-dimensional search. This paper presents a method for performing this search on barrier functions which is significantly faster than current techniques. The method exploits the special structure of barrier functions. Comparative computational results are given for a set of six test problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01584671
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphate sorption approach for determining phosphorus requirements of wheat in calcareous soils (1991)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 28 (1991), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Phosphate adsorption ; external P requirement ; wheat ; fertilizer requirements ; calcareous soils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Five field experiments involving P application rates from 0 to 66 kg P ha−1 were conducted on irrigated wheat at Tandojam, Pakistan. The soils belonged to two great soil groups, Torrifluvent and Camborthid. All soils were calcareous. Olsen-P contents ranged from 3.5 to 6.3 mg P kg−1. Phosphate sorption curves were developed for soils from control (no P) plots at each site. Concentrations of P in solution established by fertilization in the field as estimated from the sorption curves ranged from 0.008 to 0.16mg P L−1. Actual grain yields were converted to relative grain yields and plotted against corresponding concentrations of P in solution. Yield response to P application was obtained in each experiment. Control plot yields ranged from 57 to 89% of maximum yield of respective experiments. Phosphorus requirements of wheat were 0.032 mg L−1 for 95% yield as determined from a composite yield response curve. Predicted quantities of P required to attain 0.032 mg P L−1 ranged from 18 to 29 kg P ha−1. The results of the study suggest that the P sorption approach can be used as a rational basis for making P fertilizer recommendations for various soil-crop combinations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048857
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of pH, time and rate of application on phosphate rock dissolution and availability to pastures (1991)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 28 (1991), S. 95-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Phosphate rock dissolution ; soil pH ; solution phosphorus ; phosphorus fractionation ; monocalcium phosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Soil Samples were collected from a field experiment conducted to evaluate the agronomic effectiveness of a reactive phosphate rock (PR), Sechura sand, relative to that of monocalcium phosphate (MCP) at different soil pHs and rates of application. The samples were analysed for P soluble in the soil solution and bicarbonate extractable P. The rate of dissolution of PR was calculated from the data on the fractionation of inorganic P. In MCP plots P in the soil solution decreased sharply with time especially at low pHs and high rates of fertiliser application. In PR plots the concentration remained with time at the same as or a slightly higher level than that was found one month after application. Solution concentration of P was lower at very high rates of PR application than at intermediate rates. In both MCP and PR plots bicarbonate extractable P decreased with increasing pH. Bicarbonate extractable P was linearly related to MCP but not to PR applied. The rate of dissolution and the proportion of PR dissolved decreased with increasing rates of PR application but the amount dissolved increased. Phosphate dissolved at high level of PR application did not seem to enhance proportionately either the concentration of P in soil solution or bicarbonate extractable P.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048860
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solubility and availability to sugarcane (Saccharum Spp.) of two silicate materials (1988)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 16 (1988), S. 3-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: dicalcium orthosilicate ; calcium metasilicate ; mini-granulation ; extractable Si ; Si in saturation extract ; Oxisol ; Andept
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Silicate materials, dicalcium orthosilicate (Ca2SiO4), calcium metasilicate (CaSiO3), and mini-granulated CaSiO3, were incorporated into three highly weathered, low-Si soils. The mixtures were moistened to field moisture-holding capacity and incubated in plastic bags for 60 days at approximately 25°C, after which Si was extracted. Application rates of silicate materials were 0, 460, 920, and 1380 mg Si per kg soil. Two ranges of particles sizes, 0.25 to 0.84 mm and 0.074 to 0.15 mm CaSiO3 and Ca2SiO4 were compared. The soils were a Typic Gibbsiorthox, pH 4.6; a Humoxic Tropohumult, pH 4.2; and a Typic Hydrandept, pH 5.0. Materials were evaluated by four extraction procedures: shaking in water, water displacement from saturated soil, shaking in ammonium acetate solution, and biologically by roots of sugarcane (Saccharum Spp. hybrid). Silicate from the CaSiO3 materials were generally more readily extracted chemically and biologically than silicate from the Ca2SiO4. Solubility and availability of Si usually increased as primary particle size of the silicate materials decreased. The exceptions were associated with the most acid (pH 4.2) Ultisol. Mini-granulation did not reduce the effectiveness of CaSiO3 thus confirming agronomic feasibility of mini-granulation. Plant uptake of Si was most closely related to water-extractable soil Si, followed by Si in saturation extracts and then by NH4 OAc-extractable Si.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01053310
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soluble and total silicon in sugar cane (1969)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 30 (1969), S. 81-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The data presented throughout this paper indicate that soluble Si in plant tissues can give useful information about the Si-status of plants. In fact, this fraction of plant Si seems to be less subject to extraneous variation than does total Si. Silicon which can be extracted with dilute TCA is a discrete fraction. The amount extracted was little influenced by extraction time, amount of extractant, or number of extractions. The soluble-Si fraction was not stable before extraction. Concentration decreased with time. The rate of decrease was temperature related. Storage in a nitrogen atmosphere decreased Siimmobilization. Total and soluble Si were higher in sugar cane leaf sheaths than leaf blades. Total Si was much higher in leaf sheaths and blades than in the internodal tissue. Soluble Si was highest in the least mature tissues; whereas total Si was highest in the recently mature tissue. Once a cane leaf is mature, there seems to be little change in total Si with time. Evidently Si-deposition in sugar cane is associated with growth. Total Si of leaf blades was more responsive to slag applications than was total Si of leaf sheaths. The reverse was true for soluble Si. The mature stalk tended to be the most responsive tissue in relative terms. Both soluble and total Si reflect differences in soil and irrigation water Si. Total Si in the plant was apparently depressed by stress associated with ripening. When silica deposition was depressed, soluble silicon accumulated in the tissue if there was adequate available Si in the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01885263
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant-soil interactions associated with acid, weathered soils (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 134 (1991), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: acidity ; aluminium ; calcium ; citrus ; continuous-function design ; legumes ; manganese ; phosphorus ; soil mineral ; sulphur ; variable charge ; weathered soils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Plant-soil interactions in weathered soils are so complex that unqualified statements about a suitable pH for plants are risky. Conventional experimental designs and statistical methods may not be appropriate for investigating such complexities. Lime experiments using continuous function designs and observation of plant response to indigenous variability in soil pH permit detailed observations of plant-soil interactions that are frequently not detected. A graphical boundary-line approach to interpreting data can make good sense out of apparent confusion. Increasing the pH of variable-charge soils by adding lime or by indigenous means increased CEC and retarded cation leaching, but Ca solubility changed very little over the range pH 5 to 6. N fixation and yield was closely related to soil pH, soil Mn and Mn uptake by soybean. This result was clearly demonstrated regardless of numerous other limiting factors. Plant yield response curves resolved into distinct segments that corresponded with associated soil properties. Excess Al compounded by Ca deficiency is suspect in the pH range 〈5. Excess Mn, and Ca deficiency probably limited yields in the pH range 5.0 to 5.7. Yields were stable, and Ca and P were constant in the pH interval 5.7 to 6.0. Yields abruptly increased in the pH interval 6.0 to 6.3. This was associated with elevated Ca concentrations in soil solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010718
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of lime on nitrogen fixation by tropical and temperate legumes (1977)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 46 (1977), S. 591-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A nitrogen deficient Oxisol which had been fertilized with P, K, Zn and Mo received CaCO3 at rates which increased continuously from zero to 22 tons/ha. Liming produced a range of pH in the saturation paste from 4.7 to 7.1; a range of calcium in the saturation extract from 0.3 to 3 meq/l; and a significant decline in available manganese. Responses of 9 tropical and 7 temperate legumes were compared across the pH variable. For Stylosanthes spp. nodule numbers and weight and plant yield declined above pH 5.5. Arachis hypogaea and Vigna sinensis, whose yield increased by only 30%, showed no clear improvement in nodulation or nodule effectiveness (acetylene reduction rate per unit nodule weight). Increased nodule effectiveness could account for most of the growth increase in Dolichos axillaris and Glycine max var. Kahala. Both the number and effectiveness of nodules increased for Desmodium intortum, Glycine wightii, Medicago sativa, and Trifolium subterraneum. Nodule size and effectiveness increased for G. max var. Kanrich. Only in one species, Coronilla varia, could increase in nodule numbers alone account for the increased growth associated with liming, although increased numbers of nodules probably accounted for much of the response by Lotus corniculatus, and by Desmodium canum and D. intortum up to pH 5.3. Increased nodulation and plant N contents were consistent with the conclusion that for most species improved N2-fixation was the cause of growth improvement associated with liming. However, percent N was high in leaves of Vigna and Phaseolus vulgaris at all lime levels. In Phaseolus, variation in nodulation and growth were unrelated. The growth improvement was associated with decline in leaf N, suggesting that something other than N nutrition was limiting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015918
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of stable strontium and P32 as tracers for estimating alfalfa root activity (1964)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 20 (1964), S. 337-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01373824
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions of soil pH, nutrients and moisture on phytophthora root rot of avocado (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 81 (1984), S. 165-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Avocado ; Ca ; Mn ; Oxisol ; P ; pH ; Phytophthora root rot ; Soil water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary This experiment employed a factorial design combining 4 soil pH levels, 3 soil moisture levels, with and without the addition ofPhytophthora cinnamomi to the soil to evaluate the conditions that lead to Phytophthora root rot of avocado. An inverse relation between soil pH and leaf production (and root-weight) was observed in nondiseased plants. In soil infested withP. cinnamomi, plant growth and root weights were much depressed by low soil pH, and especially by low soil pH coupled with high soil moisture contents. These interactions were statistically highly significant. Root weights in pots withP. cinnamomi were closely related to the incidence of disease. A disease index was used to visually assess the conditions of roots. Isolation of the pathogen from diseased plant roots confirmed the accuracy of the disease index. A process of elimination suggsts that favorable soil Ca level and not high pHper se was responsible for disease suppression and that the devastating effects of low soil pH was produced by high Mn (and possibly Al) and associated low levels of Ca and P in soil solutions, which led to breakdown of biological control mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197148
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