Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 57 (1979), S. 977-991 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Epithelial transport ; Kidney ; Small intestine ; Electrolyte ; Epithelialer Transport ; Niere-Darm-Elektrolyt ; Elektrochemisches Gradient
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Epithel von Niere und Darm besteht aus einer einzigen Lage von Zellen, die an ihrer luminalen Seite durch Schlußleisten zusammengekittet sind. Der Stofftransport geht entweder transzellulär durch die Zellen hindurch und ist dann in der Regel aktiv, oder er geht parazellulär an den Zellen vorbei durch die Schlußleisten und interzellulären Spalten und ist dann passiv. Die Triebkraft für den aktiven Transport kommt entweder direkt aus dem Stoffwechsel und wirkt mittels ATPasen auf die zu transportierenden Stoffe. Wir haben dann einen primär aktiven Transport vor uns. Oder sie kommt aus Gradienten von Substanzen, in erster Linie Natriumionen, die ihrerseits primär aktiv transportiert wurden. Man spricht dann von sekundär aktivem Transport. Die Triebkräfte für den passiven Transport sind Konzentrations- bzw. elektrochemische Potentialdifferenzen sowie der durch Reibung bedingte Mitreißeffekt des resorbierten Wassers. Sowohl in Niere als auch im Darm haben die proximalen Abschnitte, wo eine große Flüssigkeitsmenge isoton resorbiert wird, undichte Schlußleisten, so daß eine beträchtliche Substanzmenge passiv resorbiert werden kann. In den distalen Abschnitten hingegen, wo der Transport geregelt wird, sind die Schlußleisten dicht, so daß entsprechende Konzentrationsunterschiede erzeugt und aufrecht erhalten werden können. Aktiver Transport durch die Epithelzellen hindurch ist indessen nur möglich, wenn der Stofftransport polar ist, d.h. an der luminalen Zellseite anders als an der kontraluminalen Zellseite. Durch elektrophysiologische Messungen an den einzelnen Zellseiten als auch durch Transportmessungen an geschlossenen Vesikeln, die von den beiden Zellseiten gewonnen wurden, konnten die treibenden Kräfte für die einzelnen Substanzen weitgehend festgelegt werden. An Schemata, in die die Transportmechanismen der einzelnen Zellseiten eingezeichnet sind, wird eine weitgehende Identität der Transportmechanismen im proximalen Tubulus und Dünndarm deutlich.
    Notes: Summary Epithelia of kidney and small intestine consist of one layer of cells which, at their luminal edge, are linked together by terminal bars. Solute transport proceeds either across the cells, which is true of all active transports, or it proceeds paracellularly through the basolateral spaces and terminal bars and is then passive. The driving force for the active transport of a substance is derived either directly from metabolism (primary active transport), or from the gradient of another solute, usually Na+, which in turn is created by primary active transport. In the latter case the transport is referred to as secondary active. The driving forces of passive transport are the electrochemical gradient of the respective substance and solvent drag. The proximal parts of the kidney as well as of the intestine are leaky so that a considerable part of net reabsorption proceeds passively. Their distal parts, however, where the transport is regulated, are tight so that large concentration differences can be created and maintained. Transcellular active transport is only possible if the cells are polar, i.e., the transport characteristics of the luminal cell membrane differ from those of the contraluminal cell membrane. By measuring the cellular electrical potential difference or by measuring transport into isolated plasma membrane vesicles from either cell side the driving forces for the two transport steps, the luminal and contraluminal, have been elucidated. Schemes for the transport steps in the proximal tubule and in the small intestine are given. They show the principal similarity of the transport of many substances in both epithelia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Cortical collecting duct ; Flufenamic acid ; Amiloride ; Adenine nucleotides ; cGMP dependent protein kinase ; Patch clamp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We recently reported that M-1 mouse cortical collecting duct cells show nonselective cation (NSC) channel activity (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:10262–10266, 1992). In this study, we further characterize the M-1 NSC channel using single-channel current recordings in excised inside-out patches. The M-1 NSC channel does not discriminate between Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, and Li+. It has a linear I-V relation with a conductance of 22.7±0.5 pS (n=78) at room temperature. The Pcation/ Panion ratio is about 60 and there is no measurable conductance for NMDG, Ca2+, Ba2+, and Mn2+. Cytoplasmic calcium activates the M-1 NSC channel at a threshold of 10−6 m and depolarization increases channel activity (NP o ). Cytoplasmic application of adenine nucleotides inhibits the M-1 NSC channel. At doses of 10−4 m and 10−3 m, ATP reduces NP o by 23% and 69%, respectively. Furthermore, since ADP (10−3 m) reduces NP o by 93%, the inhibitory effect of adenine nucleotides is not dependent on the presence of a γ-phosphoryl group and therefore does not involve protein phosphorylation. The channel is not significantly affected by 8-Br-cGMP (10−4 m) or by cGMP-dependent protein kinase (10−7 m) in the presence of 8-Br-cGMP (10−5 m) and ATP (10−4 m). The NSC channel is not sensitive to amiloride (10−4 m cytoplasmic and/or extracellular) but flufenamic acid (10−4 m) produces a voltage-dependent block, reducing NP o by 35% at depolarizing voltages and by 80% at hyperpolarizing voltages. We conclude that the NSC channel of M-1 mouse cortical collecting duct cells belongs to an emerging family of calcium-activated and nucleotide-sensitive nonselective cation channels. It does not contribute to amiloride-sensitive sodium absorption and is unlikely to be a major route for calcium entry. The channel is normally quiescent but may be activated under special physiological conditions, e.g., during volume regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 8 (1972), S. 259-301 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Electrophysiological experiments were performed onNecturus gallbladder to determine whether the main route of passive ion flow was via the cells or via a paracellular shunt path. In the first approach the following values were determined: the transepithelial resistance, the ratio of the voltage deflections across the luminal and basal cell membrane during transepithelial current flow, and the voltage spread within the epithelial cell layer during intracellular application of current pulses. From these data the luminal and basal cell membrane resistances were calculated to be 4,500 and 2,900 Ωcm2, respectively, whereas the transepithelial resistance was only 310 Ωcm2, indicating that approximately 96% of the transepithelial current bypassed the cells. This result was confirmed in a second approach, in which the intracellular voltage deflections were found to remain approximately constant, when the current pulses were passed from a cell into the interstitial compartment with the luminal compartment being empty or when they were passed from the cell into both external compartments simultaneously. In the third approach current was passed through the epithelium and a voltage-scanning microelectrode was moved across the surface of the epithelium to explore the induced electrical field. Significant distortions of the field were observed in the immediate vicinity of the cell borders. This result indicated that the paracellular shunt, which carries the main part of the transepithelial current, leads through the terminal bars and that the terminal bars or “tight” junctions arenot tight for transepithelial movement of small ions in gallbladder epithelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 6 (1980), S. 68-68 
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 341 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Frog gastric fundus ; Oxyntic cell membrane potential ; Rheogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ionic conductance properties of the basolateral cell membrane of oxyntic cells were studied in frog gastric fundus in vitro. After mounting the fundus in a modified Ussing chamber the serosal connective tissue was dissected off and individual oxyntic cells were punctured from the serosal surface with microelectrodes. Under resting conditions the membrane potential averaged −56.9, SD±9.5 mV (n=63), cytoplasm negative. Lowering or raising serosal HCO 3 − concentration from 17.8 to 6 or 36 mmol/l respectively at constant $$p_{CO_2 } $$ depolarized or hyperpolarized the cell membrane by +16.7 or −18.2 mV respectively. Sudden removal of serosal Na+ also depolarized the cell membrane (anomalous Nernst response). Since both the HCO 3 − dependent and the Na+ dependent potential changes were strongly depressed by the disulfonic stilbene SITS and since the potential response to HCO 3 − was virtually abolished in Na+-free solution we conclude that a rheogenic Na+ (HCO 3 − ) n -cotransport system (n〉1) is present in the basolateral cell membrane of oxyntic cells. Its possible role in base transfer during HCl-secretion or HCO 3 − secretion remains to be elucidated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Human sweat duct ; Cl− conductance ; Cl− channel blockers ; Cystic fibrosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To characterize the chloride conductance of human sweat duct the effect of various analogues of diphenylamine-2-carboxylate was investigated on the transepithelial potential difference (PDT) and resistance (R T ) of isolated microperfused sweat ducts. Although the most powerful analogues which block Cl− channels in various secretory and absorptive epithelia were ineffective, a number of analogues (in particular Cl substituted ones) were found which at high concentrations significantly and reversibly increased PDT andR T . The data suggest that the main chloride conductance pathway of sweat duct epithelium resides in the cell membranes rather than in the tight junctions. In addition the different blocking spectra of the chloride conductances of sweat duct and tracheal epithelium (Welsh MJ, Science 232:1648, 1986) suggest that the combined impairment of both conductances in cystic fibrosis does not result from a molecular defect in the Cl− channels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 410 (1987), S. 481-486 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Rabbit kidney ; Proximal straight tubule ; S2/S3 segment ; Sodium-bicarbonate cotransport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intracellular microelectrodes were used to investigate rheogenic Na+(HCO 3 − ) n cotransport in different segments of isolated proximal straight tubule (PST) of rabbit kidney. In the first portion (S2 segment) the peritubular cell membrane potentialV b averaged −46.0, SE±1.3 mV (n=20), while in the terminal portion (S3 segment) it averaged −68.3, SE±2.5 mV (n=10). This difference may reflect different modes of anion permeation across the peritubular cell membrane. In S2 segments, sudden 10∶1 reduction of bath HCO 3 − concentration caused a fast transient cell depolarization, ΔV b=−45.8, SE±1.2 mV (n=33) as expected from the presence of Na+(HCO 3 − ) n contransport. As the puncture site moved further distally, ΔV b declined and gradually changed its time course by superposition of a slower secondary depolarization. In this region the transient cell depolarization could be recuperated by inhibiting the peritubular K+ conductance with Ba2+ (1 mmol/l). In S3 segments, however, the HCO 3 − -dependent transient cell depolarization was completely lost both in the absence and presence of Ba2+. In addition, sudden reduction of bath Na+ concentration did not acidify the cell, as it did in the S2 segment. The data indicate that the expression of Na+(HCO 3 − ) n cotransport in the peritubular cell membrane gradually diminishes towards the end of the S2 segment and is lost in the S3 segment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Multiple cable model ; Tubular resistance measurements ; Lateral space resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A multiple cable model has been developed for tubular epithelia which allows current flow along the tubular lumen, along the cell layer and inside the lateral intercellular space (LIS) to be quantitatively assessed. In this model tubular lumen and cell layer are represented by two concentric cylinders and the LIS byn concentric interconnected fluid layers which are interposed between the cells, contact the lateral cell membranes and extend all along the tubular length. The innermost LIS layer connects to the tight junctions and the outermost layer to the peritubular space. Modelling each element by a cable-like structure the mathematical solution leads ton+2 linear combinations ofn+2 exponential functions. Based on morphometric data and resistance measurements on Necturus proximal tubule [4, 10] model calculations have been performed of the voltage attenuation along tubular lumen, cell layer and LIS forn=3 orn=6 assuming different LIS widths (0.02, 0.2, and 2.0 μm). The results show that the influence of LIS is insignificant in Necturus proximal tubule under control conditions, but may become significant in other functional states or other tubules. Collapsing the LIS increases predominantly the shunt resistance and the effective resistance of the lateral cell membrane but longitudinal current propagation along the LIS remains negligible at all space widths. In addition, model calculations are presented which allow errors in determining tight junction resistance and cell membrane resistances from a simple cable model to be quantified as function of LIS width.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 405 (1985), S. 58-65 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Isolated gastric gland ; Parietal cells ; Cell membrane potentials ; Chloride substitution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Individual glands of rabbit gastric mucosa were prepared for measurements of cell membrane potentials. In the first experiments a collagenase isolation technique was used which produced gland fragments that were fixed on agarose. In later experiments a microdissection technique was used which allowed whole glands to be isolated that were held in suction pipettes. Individual parietal or chief cells could be recognized and impaled with microelectrodes, however, the yield of reliable recordings was small and the distinction from artifacts sometimes difficult. In acceptable recordings the membrane potentials of both cell types varied between around −20 and −35 mV or exceptionally −50 mV in both preparations, with mean values being around −26 mV. The significance of the recordings was tested by ion substitution experiments. Substitution of all chloride by sulfate increased the membrane potential to values ranging up to −60 and −80 mV that are commonly observed in other cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...