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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular evolution of the carbonic anhydrase genes: Calculation of divergence time for mouse carbonic anhydrase I and II (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 23 (1986), S. 294-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: cDNA cloning ; Nucleotide sequence comparison
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A cDNA clone in pBR322 that cross-hybridizes with a mouse carbonic anhydrase form II (CAII) probe has been sequenced and identified as mouse carbonic anhydrase form I (CAI). The 1224-base-pair clone encodes the entire 260-amino-acid protein and appears to contain an Alu-like element in the 3′ untranslated region. The deduced amino acid sequence exhibits 77% homology to human CAI and contains 17 of the 20 residues that are considered unique to and invariant for all mammalian CAI isozymes. The results of a detailed comparison of the nucleic acid sequences spanning the coding regions of mouse CAI and rabbit CAI have been used to calibrate an evolutionary clock for the carbonic anhydrases (CAs). These data have been applied to a comparison of the mouse CAI and CAII nucleic acid sequences to calculate the divergence time between the two genes. The divergence-time calculation provides the first estimation of the evolutionary relationship between CAs based entirely on nucleotide sequence comparison.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02100637
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of angular and linear accelerations on semicircular canal interneurons of the crabScylla serrata (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 96 (1975), S. 205-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The input of a large statocyst interneuron in the oesophageal connectives of the crabScylla serrata has been limited to the thread hair receptors of a single statocyst and the output of this interneuron has been used as a monitor of thread hair activity to test the transduction properties of the statocyst. The vertical canal of the statocyst abstracts the magnitude and direction of the rotational component in the plane in which it lies. The orthogonal components thus abstracted by the two vertical canals may be used very simply by the animal to compensate for any rotation about the horizontal axes using effector components limited to pitch or roll. The canal and thread hair system is insensitive to short duration linear accelerations but is significantly influenced by gravity such that it operates effectively only over a limited range of positions. The response to a given sinusoidal oscillation varies with the initial position of the crab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00612695
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pseudosymmetry in the structure of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. Series of novel analogs (1975)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 18 (1975), S. 417-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00238a019
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crab hydrostatic pressure sensors (1994)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 371 (1994), S. 383-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Adult crabs show locomotor-related responses to pressure pulses and altered rhythmic behaviour in response to pressure cycles1'2. Planktonic Crustacea show orientation changes with thresholds between 5 and 25 millibar (mb)1'3. However, no pressure sensor has been identified and the lack of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/371383b0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fish physiology Dogfish hair cells sense hydrostatic pressure (2002)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 415 (2002), S. 495-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Many marine invertebrates and fish respond to hydrostatic pressure in order to regulate their depth and synchronize their behaviour to tidal cycles. Here we investigate the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the vestibular hair cells located in the labyrinth of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/415495a
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three classes of input to a semicircular canal interneuron in the crab,Scylla serrata, and a possible output (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 104 (1975), S. 261-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A large descending interneuron in the crab (fibre 5) has three input channels which have been shown to be separate by selective inactivation. These are (1) statocyst input (2) leg joint input and (3) a non specific input. Excitatory statocyst input has been reported previously (Fraser and Sandeman, 1975; Fraser, 1975), and inhibitory statocyst input has been demonstrated by examining the combined effect of statocyst input and other inputs. Leg joint input occurs when the coxopodite of any leg is retracted at the thoracic-coxopodite (T-C) joint. The effect of this input is to increase the frequency and duration of fibre 5 firing to a displacement of the body of the crab relative to the legs (Fig. 2). Non specific input occurs most readily in a well rested animal which is inverted. A single touch anywhere on the crab elicits a sustained high frequency train of spikes which is correlated with cyclical leg movements (Fig. 1). Cutting the optic tracts abolishes this pathway. Fibre 5 inScylla has an overt behavioural correlate in the stereotyped pattern of leg movements associated with the non specific input. This same behavioural sequence can be evoked during rotation of the crab and on low current electrical stimulation of fibre 5. Fibre 5 can thus be regarded as a command fibre for this reflex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01379052
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Directionality of a one way movement detector in the crayfishCherax destructor (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 118 (1977), S. 187-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Directionality curves for vertical one way movement detector neurons in the crayfish were obtained during whole animal oscillation around continuously varying horizontal axes. Results are presented in detail for one easily monitored unit, M.D.I. In a fresh animal, maximum sensitivity was shown to rotation in the rolling plane. In an adapted animal, the maximum sensitivity, was shifted by 45° and the directionality curve became markedly asymmetrical. Right and left adapted M.D.I cells have axes for maximum response 90° apart. The results can be explained simply by a reduction in excitability of input cells coding the set of orthogonal components of a rotation at 45° to the pitch and roll set of orthogonal components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00611822
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free hook hair and thread hair input to fibre 5 in the mud crab,Scylla serrata, during antennule rotation (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 103 (1975), S. 291-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The statocyst input to a large semicircular canal interneuron (fibre 5) in the crabScylla serrata has been investigated by selective ablation and electrical stimulation of the separate branches of the antennulary nerve, and selective destruction of groups of receptors. By oscillating the antennules sinusoidally in the range 0.1 Hz–100 Hz it has been possible to demonstrate an input to fibre 5 from the lower group of contralateral thread hairs, the contralateral free hook hairs and to a lesser extent, the ipsilateral free hook hairs. Free hook hair input is effective only at high frequencies of oscillation (20 Hz–100 Hz) whereas thread hair input is effective over a greater range (0.1 Hz–100 Hz). Fibre 5 exhibits two peaks of sensitivity (1) to oscillations around 7 Hz mediated through contralateral thread hairs and (2) to oscillations around 60 Hz mediated through thread hairs and free hook hairs (Fig. 7). Rapid displacements of the antennule and electrical stimulation of sensory nerves show that the delay between sensory nerves and interneuron is less than 0.5 msec, suggesting a single synapse. Other pathways are revealed by the continuation of spiking in the interneuron after the stimulus has stopped. Thread hair receptors exhibit important non linearities which are shown in fibre 5. The firing frequency of fibre 5 to a given oscillation is affected markedly by an unknown process which is correlated with a sustained discharge in fibre 5 following a head ascending displacement. There is little adaptation to repeated sinusoidal oscillation apart from a rapid initia decline from a high firing frequency shown only by well rested animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00612023
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How morphology of semicircular canals affects transduction, as shown by response characteristics of statocyst interneurons in the crabCarcinus maenas (L.) (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 115 (1977), S. 135-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Action potentials in directional statocyst interneurons are measured during sinusoidal oscillation of the crabCarcinus around horizontal axes. Peak response of the interneurons precede peak position of the animal by 120 ° (Fig. 3). Optimum response of an interneuron occurs when the plane of oscillation of the crab coincides with the circumferential plane of the vertical canal of the statocyst providing input to the interneuron in question (Fig. 6). Directionality is explained in terms of unidirectional sensory receptors inCarcinus statocyst. Increased phase lead of response over peak position of the crab is explained in terms of reduced viscous damping in the ‘open’ statocyst.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00667790
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cercal ablation modifies tethered flight behaviour of cockroach (1977)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 268 (1977), S. 523-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The proterga of unanaesthetised cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) were attached by sealing wax to an orthogonal system of three threads which were each further attached to the metal spring of a resistive strain gauge transducer. This allowed limited translation and rotation of the cockroach in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/268523a0
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