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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient low-cost DNA extraction and multiplex fluorescent PCR method for marker-assisted selection in breeding (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 123 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is an increasingly important tool in current breeding efforts for improved crop plants and animal breeds. It enables detection of favourable alleles in early developmental stages and thus may result in substantial cost savings. Until now, however, the high costs of the required chemicals and materials, together with the still very labour-intensive methods, have been an obstacle to widespread application of MAS. A new multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method has been developed for reliable low-cost, high-throughput screening. By its use 3366 apple seedlings were screened with an average hands-on time from DNA extraction to data ready for analysis of 〈 4 h per 96 plants, and at a cost below US$ 0.5 per marker per plant. Factors that have a strong effect on segregation ratios such as elevated levels of outcrossing are easily detected, as a significant correlation was observed between deviation from expected segregation ratios in some affected markers and the level of outcrossing in a cross. The new method is suitable for many crop species and, provided that suitable buffers are used for DNA extraction, for animals too.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2004.01033.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complex relation between triazine-susceptible phenotype and genotype in the weed Senecio vulgaris may be caused by chloroplast DNA polymorphism (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 578-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words CpDNA polymorphism ; Heteroplasmy ; psbA gene ; Triazine resistance ; Senecio vulgaris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The weed Senecio vulgaris acquired high levels of resistance to triazine herbicides soon after the latter’s introduction. As in most weeds, triazine resistance is conferred by a point mutation in the chloroplast psbA gene that negatively affects the fitness of its carrier. To assess levels of triazine resistance in S. vulgaris field populations, we adopted a PCR-RFLP-based molecular diagnostic test recently developed for the triazine resistance-conferring region of the psbA gene of other weeds, including Brassica napus, Chenopodium spp. and Amaranthus spp., and compared these molecular results to the phenotypic response after triazine application. A highly significant linear correlation was found between phytotoxic symptoms and biomass reduction. Variability in phenotypic response was not only found between populations or inbred lines of S. vulgaris but also within replicates of the same inbred line. No clear relationship, however, was found between the DNA restriction pattern and the phenotypic response to triazine application, thereby throwing doubt on the use of such molecular diagnostic tests to track triazine resistance in S. vulgaris. Our results indicate that the chloroplast genome of S. vulgaris is polymorphic and that the level of polymorphism may be variable within single leaves of individual plants. We discuss the possible genetic basis of this polymorphism and its consequence for the acquisition and inheritance of chloroplast-based traits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051271
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impaired host odor perception in hybrids between the sibling species Rhagoletis pomonella and R. mendax (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 80 (1996), S. 163-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: olfaction ; EAG ; sensory physiology ; antennal sensitivity ; interspecies hybrids ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194749
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemosensory attraction of fig wasps to substances produced by receptive figs (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 70 (1994), S. 185-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Ficus carica ; chemostimulation ; host oreintation ; bioassays ; Blastophaga psenes ; fig wasps ; pollination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the mutualism between figs (Ficus spp., Moraceae) and their species-specific fig wasp pollinators (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae), location of a receptive host tree by the adult insect is a critical step. The adult female wasp lives only a few days, and must usually fly to a different tree than her natal tree to locate receptive figs. Trees in receptive phase often occur at very low densities. Reproductive success of both fig and wasp depends on trasmission of a very strong signal by the plant. Some evidence exists for the role of olfaction in location of receptive hosts by fig wasps, but very little work has been done on the chemical ecology of host location and host specificity. Here the first experimental evidence is presented for long-distance olfactory attraction of wasps by volatile substances produced by receptive figs, and for short-distance or contact chemostimulation by host volatiles that elicit entry of the wasp into the fig. In studies usingFicus carica L., pentane extracts of receptive-phase figs attract the pollinatorBlastophaga psenes L. from distances of at least 5 m in the field. Short-distance chemostimulation was demonstrated in laboratory bioassays. Pentane extracts of receptive figs, when painted onto the ostiole of non-receptive figs, elicit entry of pollinator wasps. Figs emit volatile compounds attractive to pollinating wasps only during the period of receptivity; pentane extracts of non-receptive figs are not attractive. A simple reliable procedure is described to compare the attractivity of different types of extracts (total, internal, and external extracts) and of different fractions, in the first step towards identifying attractant substances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380526
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences among sibling speciesRhagoletis mendax andR. pomonella (diptera: ephritidae) in their antennal sensitivity to host fruit compounds (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 2011-2024 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Electroantennogram ; GC splitter ; Rhagoletis pomonella ; Rhagoletis mendax ; Diptera ; Tephritidae ; sibling species ; antennal sensitivity differences ; host odor compounds ; host-plant recognition ; speciation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Prior electrophoretic and morphological studies have identified two closely related, economically important tephritid flies,R. mendax (Curran) andR. pomonella (Walsh), which infest the fruits of ericaceous and rosaceous plants, respectively. Further studies also have shown consistent differences among these species in their ovipositional preferences for apples and highbush blueberries and have determined that their ovipositional behavior is elicited by extracts obtained from these fruits. In this paper we report the results of an experiment that tested whether these species show distinct electroantennogram (EAG) responses to a large array of compounds present in gas chromatograph-fractionated pentane extracts of apples and highbush blueberries.R. mendax andR. pomonella flies were found to have significant differences in their antennal sensitivity to 11 blueberry and nine apple extract peaks, which correspond to 24.4% of all blueberry and 25.0% of all apple peaks that elicited a measurable EAG response from either species. Interspecific differences in peripheral sensitivity were more pronounced for blueberry than apple extract;R. pomonella flies were most sensitive to blueberry compounds with low retention times, whereasR. mendax flies responded to blueberry compounds with a broader range of retention times. Both species were most sensitive to apple peaks with high retention times. The retention times of most apple and blueberry peaks that elicited EAG responses fromR. mendax andR. pomonella flies were different from the retention times of seven attractant fruit esters that were previously identified by Fein et al. (1982). The identification of these unknown apple and blueberry compounds could lead to the discovery of new chemical cues that mediate the host-plant preferences of these sibling species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00981924
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