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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the rat dorsal and ventral striatopallidal system A study using the GABAA-receptor α1-subunit and parvalbumin immunolabeling (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 121 (1998), S. 215-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words GABAA-receptor α1-subunit ; Parvalbumin ; Striatum ; Pallidum ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The ventral striatum is more closely related to limbic brain regions than the dorsal striatum in spite of the remarkable similarities in the structural organization between these two brain regions. The present study is focused on the comparison of ventral striatopallidal territories and the dorsal striatopallidal system regarding the GABAA-receptor α1-subunit and parvalbumin immunoreactivity, as these markers showed specific distribution patterns and coexpression sites in the more intensely studied dorsal regions. Our investigations revealed that: (1) Parvalbumin single-labeled cells and a moderate number of neurons single-labeled with the GABAA-receptor α1-subunit exist not only in the dorsal but also in the ventral striatum, including the striatal cell bridges. In addition, morphologically similar neurons positive for the α1-subunit were also found in the corpus callosum and anterior commissure. (2) A small number of double-labeled neurons was seen not only in dorsal but also in ventral striatal regions. Such cells were mainly located near the border with the globus pallidus and ventral pallidum. They are likely to represent a further type of striatal neuron. (3) The vast majority of neurons in the entopeduncular nucleus, the homologue of the primate internal globus pallidus segment, coexpressed α1-subunit and parvalbumin immunoreactivity, as reported previously for the other pallidal compartments. (4) The islands of Calleja adjoining the ventral pallidal extensions in the olfactory tubercle exhibited a strong α1-subunit immunoreactivity in the neuropil as well as somata single- or double-labeled for both markers. Our findings indicate that the dorsal and ventral striatopallidal compartments are similarly organized in general with respect to the occurrence and distribution of single- and double-labeled parvalbumin-immunoreactive and GABAA-receptor α1-subunit-immunoreactive neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050454
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective Allocation of GABAA Receptors Containing the α1 Subunit to Neurochemically Distinct Subpopulations of Rat Hippocampal Interneurons (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 6 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The identification of a large variety of GABAA receptor subunits by molecular cloning suggests the existence of multiple receptor subtypes differing in localization and functional properties. In the present study we analysed immunohistochemically the cellular distribution of GABAA receptors containing the α1 subunit in the rat hippocampus with a subunit-specific antiserum. Prominent staining of numerous interneurons was evident in Ammon's horn and the dentate gyrus, which contrasted with moderate and diffuse immunoreactivity in the dendritic layers of pyramidal and granule cells. Double immunofluorescence staining with antibodies to GABA revealed that a subset of GABAergic neurons in the hippocampus were immunoreactive for the α1 subunit. To determine whether these cells represent distinct subpopulations of interneurons, we analysed the co-localization of the GABAA receptor α1 subunit with selective markers of hippocampal interneurons (selected calcium-binding proteins and neuropeptides). In both Ammon's horn and the dentate gyrus, all parvalbumin-positive neurons and 50% of calretinin-positive neurons were double-labelled, whereas interneurons containing calbindin-D28k were devoid of α1 subunit staining. Similarly, most neurons positive for neuropeptide Y and a subset of somatostatin-positive cells were double-labelled, in contrast to cholecystokinin- and vasoactive intestinal peptide-containing cells, which lacked the α1 subunit staining. These results demonstrate cell-specific expression of GABAA receptors containing the α1 subunit among subsets of hippocampal interneurons, pointing to a pronounced functional specialization of these cells. Furthermore, the prominent expression of GABAA receptors by interneurons suggests that disinhibition may be of major functional relevance in regulating the balance between excitation and inhibition in hippocampal circuits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00994.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential Regulation of GABAA Receptor Gene Expression by Ethanol in the Rat Hippocampus Versus Cerebral Cortex (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 70 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Previous research has shown that chronic ethanol consumption dramatically alters GABAA receptor α1 and α4 subunit gene expression in the cerebral cortex and GABAA receptor α1 and α6 subunit gene expression in the cerebellum. However, it is not yet known if chronic ethanol consumption produces similar alterations in GABAA receptor gene expression in other brain regions. One brain region of interest is the hippocampus because it has recently been shown that a subset of GABAA receptors in the hippocampus is responsive to pharmacologically relevant concentrations of ethanol. Therefore, we directly compared the effects of chronic ethanol consumption on GABAA receptor subunit gene expression in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Furthermore, we investigated whether the duration of ethanol consumption (14 or 40 days) would influence regulation of GABAA receptor gene expression in these two brain regions. Chronic ethanol consumption produced a significant increase in the level of GABAA receptor α4 subunit peptide in the hippocampus following 40 days but not 14 days. The relative expression of hippocampal GABAA receptor α1, α2, α3, α2/3, or γ2 was not altered by either period of chronic ethanol exposure. In marked contrast, chronic ethanol consumption for 40 days significantly increased the relative expression of cerebral cortical GABAA receptor α4 subunits and significantly decreased the relative expression of cerebral cortical GABAA receptor α1 subunits. This finding is consistent with previous results following 14 days of chronic ethanol consumption. Hence, chronic ethanol consumption alters GABAA receptor gene expression in the hippocampus but in a different manner from that in either the cerebral cortex or the cerebellum. Furthermore, these alterations are dependent on the duration of ethanol exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70031160.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular Localization of GABAA Receptor α Subunit Immunoreactivity in the Rat Hypothalamus: Relationship With Neurones Containing Orexigenic or Anorexigenic Peptides (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 16 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, acts via two different type of GABA receptors. GABAA receptors are composed of five subunits that belong to eight different classes. Depending on their subunit composition, distinct pharmacological and electrophysiological properties are obtained. GABA is produced in certain hypothalamic neurones known to be involved in control of feeding behaviour. We report the detailed immunohistochemical localization of four GABAAR α subunits in hypothalamic regions associated with the regulation of feeding behaviour. Immunoreactive structures for all studied GABAAR α subunits were observed in the hypothalamus, but with subunit-specific staining patterns. GABAAR α1 immunoreactivity was most prominent in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), whereas GABAAR α2, α3 and α5 subunits exhibited particularly strong immunoreactivity in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. In comparison, GABAAR α subunit immunoreactivities were generally weak in the arcuate nucleus. In the ventromedial part of the arcuate nucleus, neuropeptide Y- and agouti-related peptide-containing cell bodies, which also are known to be GABAergic, were immunoreactive for only the GABAAR α3 subunit, whereas pro-opiomelanocortin- and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript- containing cell bodies located in the ventrolateral subdivision of the arcuate nucleus, showed GABAAR α1, α2 and α3 subunit immunoreactivity. In the LHA, GABAAR α3 subunit immunoreactivity was demonstrated in both melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and orexin-containing neurones. In addition, MCH neurones contained GABAAR α2 immunoreactivity. In neurones of the tuberomammillary nucleus, GABAAR α2 and α5 subunits were colocalized with histidine decarboxylase, a marker for histamine-containing neurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.2004.01207.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneity of GABAA-receptors: cell-specific expression, pharmacology, and regulation (1995)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 20 (1995), S. 631-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: γ-Aminobutyric acid ; inhibitory neurotransmission ; benzodiazepine receptors ; receptor subunit ; gene regulation ; neuron-specific expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Vigilance, anxiety, memory, epileptogenic activity and muscle tension can be regulated by a modulation of GABAA-receptor function. A multitude of different GABAA-receptors exist in the brain due to the combinatorial assembly of various subunits encoded by at least 15 genes. The clarification of the physiological and pharmacological significance of GABAA-receptor subtypes, in combination with their cellular localization, will make it possible to identify the neuronal circuits regulating the respective CNS states and to provide strategies for the development of subtype-specific drugs for selective therapies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01694546
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