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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a Large Panel of Lactic Acid Bacteria Derived from the Human Gut for their Capacity to Polarize Dendritic Cell (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd/Inc.
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Dendritic cells (DCs) are the principal stimulators of naïve T helper (Th) cells and play a pivotal regulatory role in the Th1, Th2 and Treg cell balance. DCs are present in the gut mucosa and may thus be target for modulation by gut microbes, including ingested probiotics. Here, we tested the hypothesis that species of lactic acid bacteria, important members of the gut flora, differentially activate DC. A large panel of human gut-derived Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. was screened for DC-polarizing capacity by exposing bone marrow-derived murine DC to lethally irradiated bacteria. Cytokines in culture supernatants and DC-surface maturation markers were analysed. Substantial differences were found among strains in the capacity to induce interleukin-12 (IL-12) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, while the differences for IL-10 and IL-6 were less pronounced. Bifidobacteria tended to be weak IL-12 and TNF-α inducers, while both strong and weak IL-12 inducers were found among the strains of Lactobacillus. Remarkably, strains weak in IL-12 induction inhibited IL-12 and TNF-α production induced by an otherwise strong cytokine-inducing strain of Lactobacillus casei, while IL-10 production remained unaltered. Selected strains were tested for induction of DC maturation markers. Those lactobacilli with greatest capacity to induce IL-12 were most effective in upregulating surface MHC class II and CD86. Moreover, L. casei-induced upregulation of CD86 was reduced in the presence of a weak IL-12-inducing L. reuteri. In conclusion, human Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. polarize differentially DC maturation. Thus, the potential exists for Th1/Th2/Treg-driving capacities of the gut DC to be modulated according to composition of gut flora including ingested probiotics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01423ap.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human Isolates of Lactic Acid Bacteria Differentially Affect Maturation and Cytokine Production by Human Dendritic Cells (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd/Inc.
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The intestinal micro flora is indispensable in developing and maintaining homeostasis of the gut-associated immune system. Evidence indicates that lactic acid bacteria (LAB), e.g. lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, have beneficial effects on the host. Established health effects include increased gut maturation, antagonisms towards pathogens and immune modulation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the immunomodulating properties of a range of LAB of human origin. As dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in the balance between tolerance and immunity to commensal microorganisms, in vitro-generated immature DCs serve as a suitable model for studying the immunomodulating effects of lab. Human immature DCs were generated in vitro from monocytes and exposed to lethally UV-irradiated LAB. The effect of various species of LAB on DCs in direct contact was evaluated. Furthermore, the maturation pattern of DCs separated from the bacteria by an epithelial cell layer (CaCo-2 cells), which should mimic the intestinal environment, was studied. Cytokine secretion (IL-12, IL-10 and TNF-α) and upregulation of maturation surface markers on DCs (CD83 and CD86) was measured. Different LAB induced diverse cytokine responses. Some strains were strong IL-12 and TNF-α inducers and others weak. All strains induced IL-10. Different LAB also differentially modulated expression of CD83 and CD86 on DCs. Although some variation in the response to LAB of DCs generated from different blood donors was observed, general differences in the effect of the various LAB was revealed. Experiments with the DC CaCo-2 coculture system are ongoing. Different species of LAB differentially affect DC maturation; this suggets that the gut flora plays a pivotal role in polarization of the immune response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01423aq.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lactobacilli Modulate Proliferation and Cytokine Production of Human Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cells In Vitro (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd/Inc.
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Natural killer (NK) cells are cells of the nonspecific immune system lysing altered self-cells. A noncytolytic subset of NK cells may serve a regulatory role by secreting cytokines. Bacteria translocating across the gastrointestinal mucosa are presumed to gain access to NK cells, as consumption of certain lactic acid bacteria has been shown to increase in vivo NK cytotoxicity. Here, we investigated how human gut flora-derived lactobacilli affect NK cells in vitro, by measuring proliferation and IFN-γ production of human NK cells upon bacterial stimulation. CD3–CD56+NK cells were isolated from buffy coats by negative isolation using non-NK lineage-specific antibodies and magnetic beads. NK cells were incubated with 10μg/ml UV-inactivated bacteria or 10μg/ml phytohemagglutinin (PHA) for 4 days. Proliferation was assessed by incorporation of radioactive thymidine into NK-cell DNA. The IFN-γ concentration was measured by ELISA. Incubation of NK cells with a Lactobacillus acidophilus strain increased the proliferation of the NK cells and induced IFN-γ production, both to levels comparable to PHA stimulation. The proliferative response was further enhanced with autologous monocytes present, probably because cytokines, secreted by monocytes having engulfed bacteria, stimulated the NK cells. In contrast, a Lactobacillus paracasei strain caused the NK cells to proliferate only in the presence of monocytes. These results demonstrate that various strains of lactobacilli have the capacity to activate NK cells in vitro, in a monocyte-dependent or -independent way. Hence, the encounter of NK cells with lactic acid bacteria will affect NK-cell activation. Such activation of NK cells may potentially skew an on-going or subsequent immune response towards a Th1 response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01423ar.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of Oral Tolerance with Micro-Doses of Ovomucoid Depends on the Length of the Feeding Period (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 55 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Oral administration of antigen induces antigen-specific immunologic tolerance, which is known to be dose-dependent. We studied the influence of continuous oral administration of nanogram and microgram doses of antigen on oral tolerance induction. Mice were continuously exposed to varying doses (1 ng−1 mg/day) of ovomucoid (OM) for a minimum of 30 days and a maximum of 100 days. It was possible to induce oral tolerance measured as reduced proliferation and antibody production (immunoglobulin (Ig)G1, IgG2a and total Igs) when mice were fed 1 mg of OM/day for 40 or 50 days. It was not possible to induce oral tolerance with daily doses of antigen of 10 µg or less. Feeding of 100 µg OM/day for 40 and 50 days and 1 mg OM/day for 30 days generated tolerization of Th2-dependent responses, but retained an intact response of Th1-dependent antibodies, whereas feeding of 1 mg OM/day for 40 and 50 days resulted in tolerization of both Th1- and Th2-antibody responses. The results presented here suggest that there is a threshold of microgram-doses below which oral tolerance cannot be induced, and that selective suppression of Th2 responses can be achieved by continuous microdose feeding, while an extension of the feeding dose or feeding period tolerizes both Th1- and Th2-dependent responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0300-9475.2002.01076.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-performance capillary electrophoresis for characterization of hapten-protein conjugates used for production of antibodies against soyasaponin I
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 680 (1994), S. 437-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0021-9673(94)85141-7
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-performance capillary electrophoresis for the determination of trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors and their association with trypsin, chymotrypsi
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 652 (1993), S. 189-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0021-9673(93)80659-V
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein modification bv fermentation: effect of fermentation on the potential allergenicity of pea (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of fermentation on components of potential significance for the allergenicity of pea was analyzed. Pea flour was fermented with three lactic acid bacteria, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactococcus raffinolactis, and Lactobacillus plantarum, and two fungi, Rhizopus microsporus, var. oligosporus and Geotrichum candidum. Residual antigenicity against antipea antibodies was reduced to 10% by the three lactic acid bacteria and R. microsporus. Reactions to anti-pea profilin and anti-Bet v 1 were still detectable after fermentation. The contents of lectin and pea protease inhibitor were not reduced by the microorganisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb04976.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification of egg-white allergens (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Purification procedures for the four egg-white proteins ovomucoid, ovotransferrin, ovalbumin, and lysozyme are presented with reference to mechanistic studies at epitope levels of allergic reactions to these proteins. The applied procedures resulted in four preparations containing less than 0.1% contaminating proteins each. The purified protein preparations were characterized by SDS—PAGE and by crossed Immunoelectrophoresis with polyclonal antibodies raised against an egg-white extract or the purified proteins. The necessity of these well-characterized proteins in studies on allergic reactions was shown by testing human sera in immunoblots of lysozyme, and by immunoblots of ovomucoid probing with antibodies against the proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb05069.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Milk-Derived GM3 and GD3 Differentially Inhibit Dendritic Cell Maturation and Effector Functionalities (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 61 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Gangliosides are complex glycosphingolipids, which exert immune-modulating effects on various cell types. Ganglioside GD3 and GM3 are the predominant gangliosides of human breast milk but during the early phase of lactation, the content of GD3 decreases while GM3 increases. The biological value of gangliosides in breast milk has yet to be elucidated but when milk is ingested, dietary gangliosides might conceptually affect immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we address the in vitro effect of GD3 and GM3 on DC effector functionalities. Treatment of bone marrow-derived DCs with GD3 before lipopolysaccharide-induced maturation decreased the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-α as well as reduced the alloreactivity in mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR). In contrast, only IL-10 and IL-12 productions were significantly inhibited by GM3, and the potency of DCs to activate CD4+ cells in MLR was unaffected by GM3. However, both gangliosides suppressed expression of CD40, CD80, CD86 and major histocompatibility complex class II on DCs. Because GD3 overall inhibits DC functionalities more than GM3, the immune modulating effect of the ganglioside fraction of breast milk might be more prominent in the commencement of lactation during which the milk contains the most GD3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.2005.01566.x
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