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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 61 (1983), S. 817-818 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Lung carcinoma ; T antigen ; Diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The usefulness of T antigen in the diagnosis of lung cancer (LCA), including early, was assessed by determining the in vitro delayed type hypersensitivity response to T(DTHR-T), and by measuring with a solid phase immunofluorescent assay the serum anti-T IgM response. Sensitivity of DTHR-T was 89% for 73 patients with LCA including 8/9 with Stage T1N0M0 disease, overall specificity was 95% for 212 healthy persons and those with non-CA disease. The humoral immune assay detected 31/35 (89%) LCA patients including 4/5 Stage T1N0M0 patients. Overall specificity was 〉90% among 116 persons without CA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: T Antigen and carcinoma ; Anti-T antibody and carcinoma ; Delayed-type hypersensitivity to carcinoma-associated T antigen ; Adenocarcinoma-associated T specificity ; T Antigen und Karzinom ; Anti-T Antikörper und Karzinom ; Verzögerte Hautüberempfindlichkeit gegen karzinomassoziiertes T Antigen ; Adenokarzinom-assoziierte T Spezifität
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir berichten hier über sensitive und spezifische Bestimmung der Immunatwort von Patienten mit Brust- und Lungenadenokarzinom gegen das physikalisch und chemische definierte T Antigen, isoliert von menschlichen Erythrozyten. Über 90% der untersuchten Adenokarzinomgewebe besaßen T-spezifische immunreactive Strukturen, gemessen mithuman-anti-T Seren, im Gegensatz zu gesunden und gutartig veränderten Geweben. Bei Adenokarzinomträgern wird das karzinom-assoziierte T Antigen vom Organismus als fremd erkannt. Die verzögerte Hautüberempfindlichkeitsreaktion gegen T Antigen (DTHR-T) war in allen 25 Patienten mit Lungenadenokarzinom positiv, in 88% von 101 Patienten mit ductulärem, in 43% von 30 mit lobulärem oder tubulärem Mammakarzinom sowie in 9/9 Patienten mit Körperhöhlen-Adenokarzinomen. Alle 7 Patienten mit kleinzelligem Lungenkarzinom und 3/5 mit malignem Melanom reagierten positiv. Die DTHR-T war negativ in allen 17 Patienten mit malignen Hirntumoren, Leukämien, Hodgkin, Sarkom und Schilddrüsenkrebs. Die DTHR-T war spezifisch: alle 77 gesunden und 48/49 Personen mit nichtkrebsigen Erkrankungen einschließlich 23/24 Lungenpatienten hatten eine negative DTHR-T; ein Patient mit organisierender interstitieller Pneumonitis reagierte positiv; dies deutet auf eine mögliche Fehlerquelle hin. 91% von 149 Patienten, histologisch als gutartige Brusterkrankung diagnostiziert, hatten eine negative DTHR-T; die Histologie einiger positiv reagierender Patienten wurde reexaminiert und erwies sich in 2 Fällen als in situ Karzinom. In vitro „Leukocyte migration inhibition“ und „scoring“ der anti-T Agglutinine ergaben eine korrekte Diagnose bei vielen Adenokarzinomen einschließlich 4 Fällen, die zur Zeit unserer positiven Resultate eine negative Histologie hatten, bei denen spätere Biopsien aber positiv ausfielen. Im allgemeinen waren die in vitro Teste weniger sensitiv und spezifisch als die DTHR-T. Das T-anti-T System könnte sich auch zum „screening“ und „monitoring“ eignen. Chirurgische Entfernung des Primärkarzinoms führte zu einem „rebound“ des anti-T Titers in Brustkrebspatienten, erneuter Abfall wurde in einigen Fällen vor klinischem Rückfall beobachtet. Positive DTHR-T wurde wieder negativ in mehreren Fällen von Brustkrebs Stage I und II bzw. Lungenadenokarzinom T1–2 N0–1 M0; diese Patienten hatten in der folgenden Beobachtungszeit keinen klinischen Rückfall.
    Notes: Summary We report here sensitive and specific measurement of immune responses of patients with certain kinds of carcinoma toward the physically and chemically well defined T antigen isolated from healthy human erythrocytes. Over 90% of adenocarcinoma tissues tested possess T-specific immunoreactive structures as determined withhuman antisera, in contrast to healthy tissues and benign lesions. Adenocarcinoma patients recognize the carcinoma-associated T antigen as foreign. Delayed-type skin hypersensitivity reaction to T antigen (DTHR-T) was positive in all 25 lung adenocarcinoma patients tested, in 88% of 101 patients with ductal, in 43% of 30 patients with lobular or tubular breast carcinoma and in 9/9 patients with adenocarcinoma of body cavities. Patients of all Stages reacted positively. All 7 patients with small cell lung carcinoma and 3/5 with malignant melanoma had a positive DTHR-T. None of 17 patients with malignant brain tumors, leukemia or Hodgkin's disease, sarcoma or thyroid carcinoma reacted. The DTHR-T was specific in that all 77 healthy persons and 48/49 with other diseases, including 23/24 with non-cancer lung disease were negative; one patient with organizing interstitial pneumonitis was positive. This points to a possible source of false positive reactions. 91% of 149 patients with histologically benign breast disease had a negative DTHR-T; the histology of some of the positive ones was reexamined, 2 proved to have carcinoma in situ. In vitro leukocyte migration inhibition and scoring of anti-T hemagglutinin titer using the T-anti-T system diagnosed many adenocarcinomata correctly, including 4 whose histology, while turning positive later, was negative at the time. However, these tests were generally less sensitive and specific than the DTHR-T. This system may also be of screening and monitoring value. Surgical removal of primary carcinoma led to a rebound of anti-T in breast carcinoma patients and its renewed decrease in some, prior to clinical recurrence of cancer. Also, the DTHR-T turned from positive to negative in some Stages I and II breast-and T1–2 N0–1 M0 lung adenocarcinoma patients who had no demonstrable relapse during the ensuing observation period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0920-5632
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 30 (1992), S. 107-130 
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 41 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Several methods of estimating pathogen fitness and disease severity in the Phytophthora infestans Solanum tuberosum pathosystem were investigated. Components of fitness measured in a growth chamber were compared with area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) measured in small field plots. The closest relationship with AUDPC was for sporulation capacity (coefficient of determination, r2= 0.86)and the least close relationship was with infection frequency (r2= 001). Two different methods were compared for calculating the relative fitnesses of two isolates: (i) apparent infection rates and (ii) changes in frequency in mixed epidemics. The values obtained by the two methods were not contradictory (0.98 and 0.93 units per day for the less fit isolate, against 1 for the more fit isolate), but had wide and overlapping confidence intervals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Ten institutions in nine countries joined together to test the stability of resistance of 14 potato genotypes to the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans in three separate trials. Seven of the genotypes were tested in one trial involving seven locations, and all 14 were tested in two subsequent trials, each involving eight locations. Stability of resistance was tested with nonparametric tests and with an additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model. Overall, resistance to P. infestans was robust; resistant genotypes were consistently resistant in all locations and trials. The nonparametric analysis indicated that specific genotypes were basically stable across sites for resistance. In trial 3, the Z statistic for overall stability was significant at 0·05%, indicating a significant level of interaction across the trial, but there were no significant interactions for specific genotypes in this trial. The genotype by environment (G × E) effect of the AMMI model was highly significant in both trials, but the mean square of G × E was less than 10% of the genotype effect in each trial. The first two principal components (PCA1 and PCA2) of the AMMI analyses together explained 75 and 80% of the interaction effects in trials 2 and 3, respectively. Based on both nonparametric and AMMI analyses, Ecuador and Argentina were locations of relatively high interaction effects for both trials 2 and 3, although in Ecuador this interaction was not associated with any particular potato genotype. Other locations also had high interaction effects, but these occurred in only one trial. The genotypes Chata Blanca and, to a lesser extent, Torridon were relatively unstable in trials 2 and 3, but in the case of Torridon, resistant, this did not represent a significant loss of resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Twenty isolates of Phytophthora infestans from potato and twenty-two from tomato, collected in Uganda and Kenya in 1995, were compared for dilocus allozyme genotype, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype, mating type and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) fingerprint using probe RG57. Based on RFLP fingerprint and mtDNA haplotype, all isolates were classified in the US−1 clonal lineage. Nonetheless, isolates from potato differed from isolates from tomato in several characteristics. Isolates from potato had the 86/100 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Gpi) genotype, while those from tomato were 100/100, which represents a variant of US−1 that had been identified previously as US−1.7. Furthermore, while pure cultures of the pathogen were acquired from infected potato leaflets by first growing the isolates on potato tuber slices, this approach failed with infected tomato tissue because the isolates grew poorly on this medium. Tomato isolates were eventually purified using a selective medium. Six isolates from each host were compared for the diameter of lesions they produced on three tomato and three potato cultivars in one or two detached-leaf assays (four isolates from the first test were repeated in the second). On potato leaflets, isolates from potato caused larger lesions than isolates from tomato. On tomato leaflets, isolates from that host caused larger lesions than did isolates from potato, but the difference was significant in only one test. The interaction between source of inoculum (potato or tomato) and inoculated host (potato or tomato) was significant in both tests. Isolates from tomato were highly biotrophic on tomato leaflets, producing little or no necrosis during the seven days following infection, even though abundant sporulation could be seen. In contrast, isolates from potato sporulated less abundantly on tomato leaflets and produced darkly pigmented lesions that were most visible on the adaxial side of the leaflets. Nonetheless, all isolates infected and sporulated on both hosts, indicating that host adaptation is not determined by an ability to cause disease but rather by quantitative differences in pathogenic fitness. Assessment of Gpi banding patterns, mtDNA haplotype and RFLP fingerprint of 39 isolates from potato collected in Uganda and Kenya in 1997 indicated that the population had not changed on this host. The population of P. infestans from Kenya and Uganda provides an interesting model for the study of quantitative host adaptation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The appearance of the A2 mating type (previously restricted to central Mexico) in Europe during the 1980s prompted an investigation of the genetic make-up of European populations using allozyme loci as genetic markers. The investigation shows that major genetic changes have occurred in populations of Phytophthora infestans in the Netherlands, Poland, and the British Isles. It now appears that a new type of population has been introduced into several locations, and has displaced or is displacing the original populations in these locations. The new and old population types are characterized by unique allozyme alleles and genotypes. The mechanism for displacement of the‘old’by the‘new’population is not yet known.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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