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  • 1
    ISSN: 1435-5922
    Keywords: Key words: aneurysm ; angiography ; cyclophosphamide ; polyarteritis nodosa ; vasculitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Polyarteritis nodosa is a necrotizing angitis that predominantly affects small and medium-sized arteries. The prognosis of untreated polyarteritis nodosa is very poor. Since symptoms are diverse and no serologic test is specific for polyarteritis nodosa, the diagnosis is difficult and often delayed. We describe a patient with polyarteritis nodosa who had gastrointestinal involvement with multiple aneurysms of the inferior mesenteric artery; only abdominal angiography provided a conclusive diagnosis. Alleviation of symptoms and regression of aneurysms were observed after combination therapy of an immunosuppressive agent, cyclophosphamide, and prednisolone. We emphasize the importance of early diagnosis by angiography and aggressive therapy in patients in whom physical signs indicating definite polyarteritis nodosa are not present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1435-5922
    Keywords: Key words: anticardiolipin antibodies, β2 glycoprotein I, hepatitis C virus, platelet, thrombocytopenia, viral hepatitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes various extrahepatic immunologic abnormalities. Recently, an association between HCV infection and antiphospholipid syndrome, including thrombocytopenia, has been reported. However, the precise relationship between thrombocytopenia and anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with chronic HCV infection is not fully understood; likewise, the association of antiphospholipid syndrome and various liver diseases is not well understood. To evaluate the prevalence and importance of antiphospholipid antibodies in various chronic liver diseases, we determined the levels of anticardiolipin antibodies, platelet numbers, and levels of platelet-associated immunoglobulin G (PA-IgG) and thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) in patients with chronic HCV infection, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). The prevalence of anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with HCV infection was significantly higher than that in control subjects or individuals with the other liver diseases examined. However, there was no significant correlation between anticardiolipin antibodies and platelet counts or TAT. The frequency of thrombotic complications was similar in anticardiolipin antibody-positive and -negative patients with chronic HCV infection. Further, sera from all but one anticardiolipin antibody-positive HCV patient were negative for phospholipid-dependent anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibodies. Our results suggest that anticardiolipin antibodies are frequently found in patients with chronic HCV infection, but they do not appear to be of clinical importance. Immunologic disturbances induced by HCV or prolonged tissue damage in systemic organs as a result of the extrahepatic manifestations of HCV infection may induce the production of antibodies to various cardiolipin-binding proteins or phospholipids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptides Mytilus inhibitory peptides (MIP) Immunocytochemistry Central and peripheral nervous system Invertebrates Lymnaea stagnalis, Helix pomatia (Gastropoda, Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The distribution and neuroanatomy of Mytilus inhibitory peptides (MIP)-containing neurons in the central nervous system and their innervation pattern in the peripheral nervous system of the pulmonate snail species, Lymnaea stagnalis and Helix pomatia, have been investigated immunocytochemically, by applying an antibody raised to GSPMFVamide. A significant number of immunoreactive neurons occurs in the central nervous system of both species (Lymnaea: ca 600–700, Helix: ca 400–500), but their distribution is different. In Lymnaea, labeled neurons are found in all central ganglia where a number of large and giant neurons, previously identified physiologically, reveal MIP immunoreactivity. In Helix, most of the immunolabeled neurons are small (12–30 µm) and concentrated in the buccal and cerebral ganglia; the parietal ganglia are free of labeled cells. In both species, the ganglionic neuropils, peripheral nerves, connectives, and commissures are richly supplied with immunolabeled fibers. The MIP-immunoreactive innervation pattern in the heart, intestine, buccal mass and radula, and foot is similar in both species, with labeled axonal bundles and terminal-like arborizations (buccal mass, foot) or a network of varicose fibers (heart, intestine). Intrinsic neurons are not present in these tissues. The application of GSPYFVamide inhibits the spontaneous contractions of the esophageal longitudinal musculature in Helix, indicating the bioactivity of the peptide. An outside-out patch-clamp technique has demonstrated that GSPYFVamide opens the K+ channels in central nerve cells of Helix. Injection of GSPYFVamide into the body cavity inhibits the feeding of starved Helix. A wide modulatory role of MIP at central and peripheral levels is suggested in Lymnaea and Helix, including the participation in intercellular signalling processes and remote neurohormonal-like control effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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