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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Journal of metastable and nanocrystalline materials Vol. 24-25 (Sept. 2005), p. 577-580 
    ISSN: 1422-6375
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 503-504 (Jan. 2006), p. 627-632 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The limit of dislocation density was investigated by means of mechanical milling (MM) treatment of an iron powder. Mechanical milling enabled an ultimate severe deformation of iron powder particles and dislocation density in the MM iron powder showed the clear saturation at around the value of 1016m-2. On the other hand, the relation between hardness and dislocation density was examined in cold-rolled iron sheets, and the linear Bailey-Hirsch relationship; HV[GPa]=0.7+3×10-8ρ1/2 was obtained in the dislocation density region up to 3×1015m-2. Extrapolation of the Bailey-Hirsch relationship indicated that the dislocation strengthening should be limited to about 3.7GPa in Vickers hardness which corresponds to about 1.1GPa in 0.2% proof stress
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA - Enzymology 614 (1980), S. 274-284 
    ISSN: 0005-2744
    Keywords: (Rat liver) ; Choline dehydrogenase ; Mitochondria
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 18 (1986), S. 127 
    ISSN: 0022-2828
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 467-470 (Oct. 2004), p. 263-268 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Microstructural change and soft ening behavior during annealing were investigated for deformed ferrite and lath martensite in an ultralow carbon 1.5mass%Mn-0.0018mass%B steel, and then the difference in recrystallization behavior between the materials was discussed in terms of the nucleation site of recrystallized grains. The ferritic and martensitic materials were obtained by furnace-cooling and water-quenching, respectively, after solution treatment. The ferritic material was cold-rolled at a reduction of 80% to give the same dislocatio n density as of the martensitic material. The deformed ferritic material contains a large number of geometrically necessary boundaries with large misorientations, while the martensitic material does only contain original grain boundaries such as prior austenite grain boundaries, packet boundaries and block boundaries. The recrystallization during annealing is markedly retarded in the martensitic material compared with the deformed ferriticmaterial. As a result, the time for completing the recrystallization was roughly a hundred times longer in the martensitic material than in the deformed ferritic material. This is due to the difference in nucleation site of recrystallized grains, that is, the geometrically necessary (GN) boundaries introduced by the deformation for the ferritic material, and only the original grain boundaries for the martensitic material
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 467-470 (Oct. 2004), p. 905-910 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The effect of copper (Cu) addition on the grain growth behavior of austenite wasinvestigated in a low carbon steel and a Cu bearing low carbon steel. Cu addition to the steel does not affect the nucleation rate of reversed austenite on heating in the martensitic structure but markedly retards the grain growth of the austenite during holding at 1173K (austenitization). As a result, the grain size of austenite in the Cu bearing steel becomes about one-third times smaller than that in the base steel after austenitization for 14.4ks. TEM observations in the Cu bearing steel revealed that Cu particles precipitated during aging treatment had completely dissolved in 1.2ks of austenitization. Therefore, the retardation of grain growth of austenite can not be explained by the grain boundary pinning effect of Cu particles but by the dragging effect of Cu atoms in the austenitic solid solution
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 503-504 (Jan. 2006), p. 317-322 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Work hardening behavior and microstructure development during deformation by cold rolling were investigated in iron with different grain size. Grain refinement makes the introduction of dislocation easier. For instance, under the same deformation condition (5% reduction in thickness), dislocation density is the order of 1014m-2 in a coarse grained material (mean grain size; 20μm), while it reaches 7×1015m-2 in an ultrafine grained material (0.25μm). It is well known that the yield stress of metals is enlarged with an increase in dislocation density on the basis of the Bailey-Hirsch relationship. However, it should be noted that the ultrafine grained material never undergoes usual work hardening although the dislocation density is surely enhanced to around the order of 1016m-2: 0.2% proof stress is almost constant at 1.4 ~ 1.5GPa regardless of the amount of deformation. The dislocation density of 1016m-2 is thought to be the limit value which can be achieved by cold working of iron and the yield stress of iron with this dislocation density (ρ) is estimated at 1.1GPa from the Bailey-Hirsch relationship; σd [Pa] = 0.1×109 + 10 ρ1/2. On the other hand, yield stress of iron is enhanced by grain refinement on the basis of the Hall-Petch relationship; σgb [Pa] = 0.1×109 + 0.6×109 d-1/2 as to the grain size d [μm]. This equation indicates that the grain size of 0.35 μm gives the same yield stress as that estimated for the limit of dislocation strengthening (1.1GPa). As a result, it was concluded that work hardening can not take place in ultrafine grained iron with the grain size less than 0.35 μm because dislocation strengthening can not exceed the initial yield stress obtained by grain refinement strengthening
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 171-174 (Oct. 1999), p. 411-418 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: regional myocardial function ; regional myocardial surface area ; myocardial segment length ; coronary occlusion ; coronary reperfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary For the analysis of regional myocardial function, the measurement of regional myocardial surface area (RMA) was performed on the epicardial surface of myocardial segment lengths in a direction parallel to the superficial myocardial fibers (SLa) and at right angles to the first (SLb). In eight anesthetized dogs with opened-chests, measurements were done during a 60 s left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. In the ischemic region, coronary occlusion resulted in dyskinesis in RMA, and the reduction of it during the ejection phase (ERA) decreased significantly at 10 s (p〈0.05) and thereafter (p〈0.01). Regional myocardial work (EWA) from the pressure-area loops during the ejection phase also decreased significantly at 10 s (p〈0.05) and thereafter (p〈0.01). The end-diastolic RMA (EDRMA) increased significantly at 30 s (p〈0.01) and thereafter (p〈0.01). In the non-ischemic region, compensatory changes were shown, namely ERA, EWA and EDRMA, increased significantly during occlusion. After reperfusion, recovery to the control level was prompt, and only EDRMA remained the increased value after 30 s (p〈0.01). Between SLa and SLb, characteristics differed from each other, which suggested that the directional differences of SLs should be considered when regional myocardial function is assessed from unidirectional SL. The changes in RMA reflect both changes of SLa and SLb during coronary occlusion and reperfusion, and were more marked than each SL. Thus, the usefulness of RMA to assess regional myocardial function was demonstrated during coronary occlusion and reperfusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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