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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 57 (2001), S. o192-o194 
    ISSN: 1600-5368
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The asymmetric unit of the title compound, L-phenylalaninium nitrate tris(L-phenylalanine), C9H12NO2+·NO3−·3C9H11NO2, contains a nitrate anion and a peculiar sequence of four L-phenylalanine molecules. Three of them are present as zwitterions, while the last carries the positive charge and acts as donor in a –COOH...−OOC– hydrogen bond with an O...O distance of 2.443 (9) Å.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 56 (2000), S. 720-727 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A reinvestigation of the crystal structure of the 1:1 mixture of the two racemates DL-isoleucine and DL-allo-isoleucine, with a detailed analysis of interatomic distances between alternative side-chain positions, reveals a systematic distribution of the four stereoisomers in this crystal. Two different molecular chains exist in the crystal and each such chain accommodates a single diastereomeric pair only (L-isoleucine:D-allo-isoleucine or D-isoleucine:L-allo-isoleucine). The crystal is built up by a stacking of such chains in two dimensions and three different packing modes for the two types of chains are discussed. Crystallization experiments of the two individual racemates in the 1:1 mixture of DL-isoleucine:DL-allo-isoleucine have been undertaken. The structure of the racemate DL-isoleucine is presented. The molecular arrangements in this racemate and the 1:1 DL-isoleucine:DL-allo-isoleucine mixture are closely related. Furthermore, the spontaneous resolution of enantiomers upon crystallization of the other racemate, DL-allo-isoleucine, is rationalized on the basis of the aforementioned analysis of interatomic distances in the 1:1 DL-isoleucine:DL-allo-isoleucine complex. Structural data for a new L-isoleucine: D-allo-isoleucine complex are also given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 56 (2000), S. 500-502 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A new `rule' for the association of hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors in crystal structures is presented. It implies that ranks are assigned to each donor and each acceptor (1 is best, 2 is next best etc.), and that hydrogen bonds should be formed between donors and acceptors in rank order. L-Ser-L-Ala, C6H12N2O4, is used together with its retroanalogue, L-Ala-L-Ser, and three other pairs of dipeptide retroanalogues to illustrate this rule and the reasons why it may not always be followed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 55 (1999), S. 424-431 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The amino acid L-isoleucine has been cocrystallized with seven selected D-amino acids including D-methionine [L-isoleucine–D-methionine (1/1), C6H13NO2.C5H11NO2S, amino-acid side chain R = —CH2—CH2—S—CH3] and a homologous series from D-alanine [L-isoleucine–D-alanine (1/1), C6H13NO2.C3H7NO2, R = —CH3] through D-α-aminobutyric acid [L-isoleucine–D-α-aminobutyric acid (1/1), C6H13NO2.C4H9NO2, R = —CH2—CH3] and D-norvaline [L-isoleucine–D-norvaline (1/1), C6H13NO2.C5H11NO2, R = —CH2—CH2—CH3] to D-norleucine [L-isoleucine–D-norleucine (1/1), C6H13NO2.C6H13NO2, R = —CH2—CH2—CH2—CH3] with linear side chains, and D-valine [L-isoleucine–D-valine (1/1), C6H13NO2.C5H11NO2, R = —CH—(CH3)2] and D-leucine [L-isoleucine–D-leucine (1/1), C6H13NO2.C6H13NO2, R = —CH2—CH—(CH3)2] with branched side chains. All the crystal structures are divided into distinct hydrophilic and hydrophobic layers. In the five complexes with amino acids with linear side chains the polar parts of the D- and L-amino acids are related by pseudo-glide-plane symmetry, and four of them have remarkably similar molecular arrangements. The D-valine and D-leucine complexes, on the other hand, are structurally quite different with the polar parts of the D- and L-amino acids related by pseudo-inversion. Differences in the hydrogen-bond pattern in the two molecular arrangements are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 56 (2000), S. 526-534 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The Cambridge Structural Database has been searched for all crystal structures including organic solvent molecules (solvates) and solvent water molecules (hydrates). Well above 300 different solvent molecules were identified and the frequencies with which they occur in crystal structures, as a function of the year of publication, were established. The crystal structures are classified as `organic' and `metalloorganic'; it is shown that the relative prevalences of various cocrystallized solvents are different in the two groups. Several frequently used organic solvents are also common ligands for metal ions. Special interest has been focused on the existence of heterosolvates, i.e. crystal structures which include more than one type of solvent molecule. Up to five different types of solvent molecules were found in a single crystal structure. It is suggested that the use of solvent mixtures during crystallizations may prove to be a more useful and versatile approach for obtaining crystals of high-molecular-weight organic compounds than has hitherto been recognized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 56 (2000), S. 1094-1102 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Useful information about hydrogen bonding, the preferred modes of hydrophobic interaction and conformational preferences of a specific molecule can be obtained from cocrystallization of the solute with a selected series of solvent molecules. This method is used in a study of nine different crystal structures of diethylstilbestrol (DES) solvates. It is shown that solvent inclusion results not only in stronger hydrogen bonds, but usually also in a larger number of favorable C—H...π interactions between DES molecules. Furthermore, solvent molecules such as DMSO, DMF, acetonitrile and acetone demonstrate important hydrogen-bond donating properties in addition to their more familiar role as hydrogen-bond acceptors. Molecular conformations in the crystal structures compare favorably with results from molecular mechanics calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 56 (2000), S. 1496-1498 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: One of the amino H atoms of L-phenylalanyl-L-valine, C14H20N2O3, participates in a rare secondary interaction in being accepted by the aromatic ring of the phenylalanine side chain. The phenyl group is also a donor in a weak hydrogen bond to the peptide carbonyl group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 57 (2001), S. 575-576 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A new type of molecular arrangement for dipeptides is observed in the crystal structure of L-phenylalanyl-L-alanine dihydrate, C12H16N2O3·2H2O. Two L-Phe and two L-Ala side chains aggregate into large hydrophobic columns within a three-dimensional hydrogen-bond network.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 55 (1999), S. 104-113 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The dipeptide L-Leu-L-Val can crystallize as a hydrate in the hexagonal space group P65 [Görbitz & Gundersen (1996). Acta Chem. Scand. 50, 537–543], but forms 1:1 solvates when methanol, ethanol and 2-propanol are used as precipitating agents. The structures of these complexes can be divided into hydrophobic and hydrophilic layers. The alcohol molecules are embedded in the hydrophobic layers, but with the hydroxyl groups as crucial parts of the hydrogen-bonding network. L-Leucyl-L-valine–methanol (1/1) crystallizes in the space group P21 with Z = 2. L-Leucyl-L-valine–ethanol (1/1) has very special systematic absences, and the structure could not be solved with direct methods. Unraveling the actual build-up of the crystal was an unusual process involving modeling with molecular graphics programs. The solution shows a structure which formally belongs to the space group P21, with four dipeptide molecules and four solvent molecules in the asymmetric unit (Z = 8). Additional non-crystallographic symmetry in three dimensions fixes all cell angles, including β, to 90°. L-Leucyl-L-valine–2-propanol (1/1) is structurally closely related to the ethanol solvate, but owing to a rare type of packing disorder the length of the a axis is halved (Z = 4, P212121). The hydrogen-bonding pattern is still the same as in the ethanol solvate, which means that the hydrogen-bond periodicity along the a axis in the 2-propanol solvate is two unit-cell lengths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 55 (1999), S. 1090-1098 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The dipeptide Gly-L-Ser was crystallized as part of a study on hydrogen-bonding patterns in the structures of dipeptides. Hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors have been assigned ranks (1 is best, 2 is next best etc.), and the observed hydrogen-bond connectivity is compared with the hypothetical pattern in which the rank n donor associates with the rank n acceptor (n = 1, 2, . . .), and with the pattern observed in the retroanalogue L-Ser-Gly, which contains the same functional groups. Crystallization of the title compound produced very bulky crystals. Rather than reducing the size of one of these before data collection, three data sets with different exposure times were collected with a Siemens SMART CCD diffractometer on a very large specimen (2.2 × 2.0 × 0.8 mm). The crystal was subsequently shaped into a 0.30 mm-diameter sphere for collection of two additional data sets. The discussion of the refinement results focus on the effect of absorption correction for the various data sets, and a comparison of geometrical and thermal parameters. One advantage of using a large crystal, the great speed with which data can be obtained, has been exemplified by collection of a complete data set of good quality in less than 25 min.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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