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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rate of drug metabolism in man measured by14CO2-breath analysis (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 293-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Breath analysis ; 14CO2 exhalation ; drug metabolism ; glycodiazine ; liquid chromatography ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Exhalation of14CO2 in breath has been used to assess the rate of hepatic demethylation of (14C-dimethyl)aminopyrine, but due to the complexity of aminopyrine metabolism the pharmacokinetics of the procedure are insufficiently understood. Therefore, studies were performed in five individuals after oral administration of (14C-methoxy)glycodiazine, a model substance with relatively simple kinetic properties. Plasma concentrations of the drug and urinary output of its metabolites measured by high pressure liquid chromatography were analysed by a two-compartment open model. The terminal disappearance of14CO2 from breath was practically identical with the terminal disappearance of glycodiazine from plasma, which could be correlated with the plasma clearance of free glycodiazine. The mean transit time of14C-atoms from plasma to breath was 3 h. These results contribute to the pharmacokinetic basis for use of14C-demethylation breath tests. In particular, they are consistent with the hypothesis that14CO2-breath analysis may be used to assess certain pharmacokinetic parameters of appropriately labelled test compounds. These parameters may not necessarily be a direct reflection of the rate of demethylation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00560464
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of two different loading doses of digoxin in severe renal impairment (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 18 (1980), S. 467-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: digoxin ; renal failure ; initial dose ; plasma level
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The correct loading dose of digoxin in patients with advanced renal failure is still a matter of discussion. The effect has been studied of loading doses of digoxin 0.625 mg or 1.25 mg given over 48 h according to randomized crossover design to healthy volunteers and to two different groups of patients with renal impairment and the same mean endogenous creatinine clearance of about 15 ml/min. The subsequent maintenance dose for 4 days was digoxin 0.25 mg in the volunteers and 0.125 mg in both groups of patients. The minimum plasma digoxin concentrations before each dose was measured by radioimmunoassay and the plasma levels in the different groups have been compared. In the healthy volunteers no significant difference was found during the study, despite wide variation in the plasma digoxin concentration. In contrast, in patients with renal failure, the group with the higher loading dose showed significantly higher plasma concentrations 24, 36 and 48 h after drug administration, reaching the highest mean value of 2.2 ng/ml at 48 h. However, after 120 h of maintenance therapy a mean digoxin concentration of 1.3 mg/ml was found in both groups. Thus, despite different loading doses identical plasma concentrations were reached during administration of the same maintenance therapy. The higher plasma digoxin concentration obtained during administration of a higher loading dose might be the cause of arrythmias in individual patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874657
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum concentrations of amiodarone during long term therapy. Relation to dose, efficacy and toxicity (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 485-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: amiodarone ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic serum level ; thyroid function ; antiarrhythmic therapy ; adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 17 patients on long term therapy with amiodarone, serum drug levels measured by HPLC were related to pharmacological effects. At steady state, serum levels were directly proportional to the dose, 5 mg/kg per day leading to an average serum level of approximately 2.5 µmol/l. The non-amiodarone level of iodine averaged 4-times higher than the level of amiodarone iodine. The elimination half-life of amiodarone ranged from 21 to 78 days, and of non-amiodarone iodine from 24 to 160 days. Control of arrhythmias was satisfactory in all 12 evaluable patients, when the serum amiodarone level exceeded 1.5 µmol/l. Deterioration of vision and polyserositis occurred only at amiodarone levels above 4 µmol/l. Tentatively, a therapeutic range of 1.5 to 4 µmol/l is proposed. In contrast, thyroid dysfunction was observed at any amiodarone level. In view of the narrow therapeutic window, therapy with amiodarone may be optimized by monitoring its serum level and in addition, thyroid function should be regularly checked.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609891
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone in patients undergoing chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: Clinical and pathophysiological implications (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 609-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cefoperazone ; peritoneal dialysis ; pharmacokinetics ; terminal renal failure ; peritonitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone after i.p. and/or i.v. administration were studied in 12 CAPD patients. After i.v. injection, the plasma half-life was 2.65±0.4 h, the total clearance amounting to 70.1±19.2 ml/min. Peritoneal clearance was calculated to be 6.9±1 ml/min. After peritoneal instillation, the bioavailability was 63.9±5%. After repeated i.p. administration, no accumulation of the drug in the body was observed. Thus, cefoperazone can be safely administered for the treatment of peritonitis in CAPD patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543494
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous infusion of high-dose metoclopramide for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: metoclopramide ; cancer chemotherapy ; continuous infusion ; nausea ; vomiting ; extrapyramidal syndrome ; side effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fourteen patients undergoing strongly emetic cancer chemotherapy received a total of 33 continuous infusions of high-dose metoclopramide to prevent nausea and vomiting. Metoclopramide 2 mg/kg was given as an i.v. infusion over 15 min followed by continuous infusion over 13 h of 5 mg/kg. The antiemetic response could be evaluated in 12 patients receiving their first continuous metoclopramide infusion. Six patients were partly or completely protected from acute gastrointestinal disturbances. Three patients experienced a short-lived extrapyramidal syndrome during the continuous metoclopramide infusions. Other side effects observed were mild. Thus, high-dose metoclopramide given as a continuous infusion is an effective antiemetic treatment in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544011
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steady-state concentration of cotinine as a measure of nicotine-intake by smokers (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 301-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nicotine ; cotinine ; steady-state plasma levels ; smoking ; cigarette consumption ; nicotine infusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Measurement of plasma cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine, is usually done to determine nicotine-intake in smokers. Cotinine is used instead of nicotine because it has a much longer half-life than the mother substance and its plasma concentrations are therefore less dependent on the exact times of blood sampling. However, the linearity of the relationship between nicotine-intake and cotinine level in plasma has never been proven. Therefore cotinine was measured in 6 healthy volunteers infused over 4 days with several doses of nicotine i.v. up to 480 µg/kg/day. Cotinine concentrations in plasma were shown to be linearly and directly related to nicotine intake. The concentration of cotinine showed little variation during and for up to 2 h after the last dose of nicotine. Therefore, cotinine can be used as an epidemiological marker of nicotine intake if it is measured around the time of the last cigarette of the day.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543327
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of an antacid on the bioavailability of indomethacin (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 65-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Indomethacin ; antacids ; drug-drug interactions ; bioavailability ; drug combinations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The biovailability of indomethacin from two indomethacin-antacid (aluminum hydroxide magnesium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide) combinations was compared with the bioavailability of oral indomethacin. Relative bioavailability was estimated by three methods: comparison of plasma concentrations at various times, comparison of areas under plasma concentration time curves, and comparison of the amount of drug excreted unchanged in the urine. A double blind three-way crossover study was conducted in twelve healthy volunteers. The combination with the slightly smaller amount of antacid (preparation A) showed significantly decreased bioavailability by all three methods in comparison with indomethacin alone (preparation C). The combination with the larger amount of antacid (preparation B) was also less bioavailable than preparation C. This effect was significant only for the comparison of areas under curves and not for plasma levels, although the mean plasma levels produced by preparation B at all times were lower than those for preparation C. These findings suggest that aluminum hydroxide magnesium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide decrease the bioavailability of indomethacin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561407
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alizapride, a new substituted benzamide, as an antiemetic during cancer chemotherapy (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1985), S. 721-725 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: alizapride ; cancer ; chemotherapy ; substituted benzamide ; nausea ; vomiting ; side-effects ; antiemetic therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In early clinical trials alizapride showed a better antiemetic activity with fewer side effects than metoclopramide. Alizapride has now been evaluated in an open dose — ranging study in 24 patients receiving strongly emetic chemotherapy. Alizapride 4–8 mg/kg was given as a 15 min infusion 0.5 h before and 1.5, 3.5, 5.5 and 8.5 h after the chemotherapy. At the dose levels of 6 and 8 mg/kg × 5, respectively 6 out-of 9 and 4 of 4 patients experienced side effects (hypotension, dizziness, profuse sweating, general malaise and diarrhoea). At 4 mg/kg × 54 of 15 patients experienced side effects due to alizapride (dyspnoea 1, diarrhoea 2, extrapyramidal syndrome 1 patient). Overall, 9 of 24 patients were partially or completely protected from nausea and vomiting. Based on this experience alizapride has antiemetic activity and few side effects in the dose of 4 mg/kg × 5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547056
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recurrent brain abscesses in an HIV-positive patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and arteriovenous malformations of the lung (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 15 (1996), S. 407-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia are at risk for the development of brain abscesses. The history of a 47-year-old man infected with the human immunodeficiency virus and with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia is reported. Within eight months, the patient presented twice with life-threatening cerebral abscesses at different sites. On both occasions,Streptococcus anginosus was cultured from the abscess material. Treatment consisted of parenteral antibiotics and neurosurgical drainage. After treatment of the second occurrence, the patient was placed on a prophylactic regimen of clindamycin. He remains relapsefree and is clinically stable 24 months after the second episode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01690100
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brucellosis: An occupational hazard for medical laboratory personnel. Report of five cases (1994)
    Springer
    Infection 22 (1994), S. 33-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Fünf Fälle von im Labor erworbener Infektion mitBrucella melitensis werden vorgestellt. Dieser Erreger ist bei Manipulationen im Labor hoch kontagiös. Falls eine Brucellose bei einem Patienten vermutet wird, sollte der Kliniker das Bakteriologielabor-Personal warnen, damit bei der Bearbeitung der Proben geeignete Vorsichtsmaßnahmen vorgenommen werden. Serologische Untersuchungen und Instruktion des Laborpersonals über das klinische Spektrum der Brucellose sind für die Früherkennung sekundärer Fälle hilfreich. Andererseits sollte der Kliniker bei Bakteriologielabor-Personal mit unklarem Krankheitsbild an die Möglichkeit einer Brucelleninfektion denken.
    Notes: Summary Five cases of laboratory-acquired infection withBrucella melitensis are reported. This pathogen is highly contagious when handled in the laboratory. Clinicians should alert technologists when brucellosis is suspected so that specimens are handled under the most stringent safety measures. Serological surveys and instructions of laboratory workers regarding the clinical diversity of the disease are helpful for early recognition of secondary cases. On the other hand, clinicians should consider brucellosis in medical laboratory workers with unexplained signs and symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01780762
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