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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of the H1 and H2 receptor antagonists, terfenadine and ranitidine on the hypotensive and gastric pH effects of the histamine releasing drugs, morphine and tubocurarine (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 48 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Morphine and tubocurarine may release histamine by direct mast cell degranulation which may result in systemic effects such as cutaneous flushing, local wheal and flare formation and hypotension. This randomised, double-blind study examined whether pre-operative combined oral terfenadine (60 mg) and ranitidine (150 mg) attenuates the reduction in blood pressure and cutaneous flushing after the administration of tubocurarine and morphine in 60 patients undergoing elective gynaecological surgery. In addition, investigation was made of whether tubocurarine and morphine cause a significant decrease in gastric pH in comparison to the nonhistamine-releasing agents fentanyl and vecuronium. Patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups receiving either pre-operative terfenadine and ranitidine and intra-operative tubocurarine and morphine (group A); pre-operative placebo and intra-operative tubocurarine and morphine (group B); pre-operative placebo and intra-operative fentanyl and vecuronium (group C). Compared to group B, group A had less hypotension and tachycardia but no significant decrease in cutaneous flushing immediately following morphine and tubocurarine (p 〉 0.05). There were no significant differences in haemodynamic changes between the groups A and C. In those patients not pretreated with terfenadine and ranitidine (groups B and C), gastric pH decreased between 5 and 10 min following bolus administration of morphine and tubocurarine (group B), whereas patients receiving fentanyl and vecuronium (group C) had an increase in gastric pH. This suggests that histamine release following administration of morphine and tubocurarine is sufficient to increase gastric acidity. These results indicate that for routine prophylaxis of high risk patients and for patients who have had a previous anaesthetic anaphylactoid reaction, oral premedication with the newer H1 and H2 receptor antagonists may be useful. Furthermore, systemic liberation of histamine may cause a significant decrease in gastric pH with the attendant risk of aspiration pneumonitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb07584.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaphylactoid reactions during anaesthesia (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 40 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sixty one patients who had suffered intra-operative anaphylactoid reactions were studied. Intradermal testing identified the causative agent in 84% of cases and, in 75% of these, muscle relaxants were responsible. Predisposing factors in patients sensitive to muscle relaxants were: female sex, previous allergy and atopy. The incidence of previous exposure was considerably higher than that reported in the literature. Pancuronium is suggested to be the least likely currently available agent to provoke a major anaphylactoid reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1985.tb10785.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of heart rate variability in supine, and left and right lateral positions (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to determine whether differences exist in cardiac autonomic tone between different body positions that may be used in unconscious subjects, we examined beat-to-beat heart rate variability (HRV) in volunteers lying supine, and in left lateral and right lateral positions. We studied 24 subjects, aged 20–35 years in each of the three positions on one study day, and 6 subjects in each of the three positions on each of six different study days. In both groups of subjects we observed no difference in heart rate, respiratory frequency, total power (0.02–0.45 Hz) of HRV or the proportion of power in the high (0.15–0.45 Hz), low (0.08–0.15 Hz) or very low (0.02–0.08Hz) frequency bands among the three positions. These results suggest that there are no cardiac autonomic tone advantages to be gained by placing a person in the recovery position on one side compared with the other.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2003.03145.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute tolerance from benzodiazepine night sedation (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 46 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The hypothesis that benzodiazepine night sedation causes acute tolerance to benzodiazepine sedation given the following morning was examined in six volunteers in a double blind, randomised, crossover study. Before each of three study days, subjects received midazolam 15 mg or flunitrazepam 2 mg or placebo as oral night sedation. They were then given intravenous midazolam 5 mg the following morning and the resulting sedative effects examined, using an observers sedation scale and a psychomotor test battery (critical flicker fusion frequency, digit-symbol substitution, reflex time, tapping test and a visual analogue sedation scale). Although a consistent pattern emerged with the greatest degree of sedation following the placebo night sedation and the least degree of sedation following the midazolam, with flunitrazepam intermediate, no statistically significant differences were present between the three treatment groups. The results indicate that single use of benzodiazepine night sedation is not an important influence on benzodiazepine requirements for intravenous sedation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1991.tb09849.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring of hypoxaemic episodes in the late postoperative period (1998)
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.1998.0584g.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cardioventilatory coupling in the anaesthetised rabbit, rat and guinea-pig (1999)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 437 (1999), S. 910-916 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words Cardiorespiratory system ; Anaesthesia ; Rat ; Rabbit ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Cardioventilatory coupling is a temporal coherence of respiratory and cardiac rhythms, seen in humans at rest, and during sleep and anaesthesia. In this study we compared the cardioventilatory coupling of anaesthetised rabbits, rats and guinea-pigs. Breathing two successive anaesthetic concentrations (1 or 2% isoflurane) we compared the effect of anaesthetic depth and species on (1) heart rate, (2) heart rate variability, (3) ventilatory rate (f), (4) ventilatory variability, (5) ratio HR/f, (6) degree of coupling (Shannon entropy of the distribution of intervals between inspiration and the preceding electrocardiographic R wave – the RI interval) and (7) coupling pattern, classified into four sub-patterns (I-IV) based upon inspection of the RI interval time series. Rabbits exhibited significantly less ventilatory variability and coupling than rats or guinea-pigs. The sub-pattern of coupling also differed between the three species. Rabbits showed coupling only when HR and f were close to integer ratios whereas other species coupled at non-integer ratios. Ventilatory variability in the rat and guinea-pig differed according to the pattern of coupling observed. Of the three species studied, the rat and guinea-pig demonstrated coupling most similar to that of anaesthetised human subjects. Anaesthetic concentration did not influence the pattern or degree of coupling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050862
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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