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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meningoencephalitis due to acanthamoeba SP (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 37 (1977), S. 183-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Acanthamoeba ; Naegleria ; Meningoencephalitis ; Granulomatous ; Free-living amebas ; Cysts ; Trophozoites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (AM) and Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) are infectious diseases essentially confined to the Central Nervous System (CNS) and caused by free-living amebas of the genusAcanthamoeba (A.) andNaegleria (N.) respectively. AM due toA. sp. (Acanthamoeba castellanii andAcanthamoeba culbertsoni) have been reported in chronically ill debilitated individuals, some of them under immunosuppressive therapy, or in immunologically impaired patients without a history of recent swimming in contrast to cases due toN.sp. which usually occurs in healthy, young individuals with a recent history of swimming in man-made lakes or heated swimming pools. AM due toA.sp. is characterized by a subacute or chronic granulomatous meningoencephalitis involving mainly the midbrain, basal areas of the temporal and occipital lobes and posterior fossa structures. CNS lesions in AM are perhaps secondary and the portal of entry in humans is probably from the lower respiratory tract, genitourinary system or skin reaching the CNS by hematogenous spread. The predominant host reaction is usually composed of lymphocytes, plasma cells, monocytes and multinucleated foreign body giant cells. Necrosis is moderate and hemorrhage scant or absent. Cysts as well as trophozoites may be seen within the CNS lesions. PAM is due toNaegleria fowleri and is characterized by an hemorrhagic necrotizing meningoencephalities with an acute inflammatory response. Only trophozoites are found in lesions. The portal of entry is through the olfactory neuroepithelium. CNS tissues fixed in formalin may be used for further identification and taxonomical classification of the causative protoza using immunofluorescent antibody techniques (IFAT) and electron microscopic methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686877
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Granulomatous amebic encephalitis: a review and report of a spontaneous case from Venezuela (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 87 (1994), S. 430-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words: Encephalitis –Acanthamoeba–Naegleria–Balamuthia– Immunosuppression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE), or meningoencephalitis due to Acanthamoeba spp. and leptomyxid ameba are uncommon CNS infections that generally occur in immunocompromised hosts. We describe a case of GAE caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris previously designated as a leptomyxid ameba, in an apparently healthy 14-year-old Venezuelan boy. This case was characterized by sudden onset of seizures, focal neurologic signs and by a prolonged clinical course (from November 1992 to March 1993). Neuroimaging studies showed cerebral hypodense lesions in cerebral hemispheres, brain stem and cerebellum. Microscopically, we found a chronic granulomatous inflammatory reaction with necrotizing angiitis, large numbers of amebic trophozoites and few cysts in perivascular spaces and within necrotic CNS tissue. The amebas were identified as B. mandrillaris based on their immunofluorescence reactivity with the anti-B. mandrillaris serum. So far, 30 cases of GAE due to B. mandrillaris have been recognized in humans, two in AIDS patients. No visceral involvement by free-living amebas or any other significant abnormality was observed. This patient developed "spontaneous" GAE, but it remains possible that an undiagnosed abnormality in cell-mediated immunity or a deficient humoral immune response may explain the susceptibility of this patient to this opportunistic infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313614
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Granulomatous amebic encephalitis: a review and report of a spontaneous case from Venezuela (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 87 (1994), S. 430-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Encephalitis ; Acanthamoeba ; Naegleria ; Balamuthia ; Immunosuppression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE), or meningoencephalitis due to Acanthamoeba spp. and leptomyxid ameba are uncommon CNS infections that generally occur in immunocompromised hosts. We describe a case of GAE caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris previously designated as a leptomyxid ameba, in an apparently healthy 14-year-old Venezuelan boy. This case was characterized by sudden onset of seizures, focal neurologic signs and by a prolonged clinical course (from November 1992 to March 1993). Neuroimaging studies showed cerebral hypodense lesions in cerebral hemispheres, brain stem and cerebellum. Microscopically, we found a chronic granulomatous inflammatory reaction with necrotizing angiitis, large numbers of amebic trophozoites and few cysts in perivascular spaces and within necrotic CNS tissue. The amebas were identified as B. mandrillaris based on their immunofluorescence reactivity with the anti-B. mandrillaris serum. So far, 30 cases of GAE due to B. mandrillaris have been recognized in humans, two in AIDS patients. No visceral involvement by free-living amebas or any other significant abnormality was observed. This patient developed “spontaneous” GAE, but it remains possible that an undiagnosed abnormality in cell-mediated immunity or a deficient humoral immune response may explain the susceptibility of this patient to this opportunistic infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313614
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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