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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 210 (2000), S. 467-469 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Ataxia Telangiectasia ; ATM ; Xenopus ; Lens ; Somites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  ATM, the gene mutated in ataxia telangiectasia, is a protein essential for handling DNA strand breaks. We recently isolated the Xenopus homologue of ATM, X-ATM and we report here the detailed expression pattern of the protein and the mRNA during early Xenopus development. During the cleavage stages, ATM protein was concentrated in and around the nuclei of all cells with low levels of expression also detected in the cytoplasm. Following neurulation, increased protein levels were detected in the nuclei of developing somites and in the central nervous system. Areas of high protein expression correlated with areas of increased mRNA expression which was detected in the nuclei of somites and the developing lens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 25 (1978), S. 289-301 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary There are many detailed functional descriptions of eu-social insect societies, but sub-social insects, particularly cockroaches, have only recently been studied from this point of view, and the data which exists comes almost exclusively from laboratory experiments on the phenomenon of dominance. A complementary study of natural populations of Blaberidae seemed necessary for a better understanding of their social systems. During a second stay on Trinidad island, we investigated and specified the spatiotemporal distribution and interindividual relationships ofBlaberus colosseus adults in a cave habitat. Observation of marked animals revealed the more or less stable occupancy of «sites» by males conditioned by the dual, sometimes juxtaposed, influence of attractive sites and females. Further observations of male/male relationships allowed us to conclude: - that males are not territorial on sites, although at least some males range in a preferential manner; these relationships are characterized by their short duration and low intensity; - that the presence of a female changes male/male relationships quickly and profoundly by stimulating aggressiveness. In the vicinity of females some males exhibit a particular strategy which limites the interactions with neighbouring males; - introduction of strange males produced additional data on the social system of the population, which confirms data from previous laboratory testing. The results obtained in the field and those from laboratory experiments confirm that it is necessary to avoid a too strict classification and distinction between categories of spatio-temporal relationships, i.e. distinction between hierarchical and territorial systems. In Blaberidae these two systems exist but the one described in this paper seems to be a transition system. Further studies of these sub-social insects from this point of view will lead to a better understanding of the factors governing the expression of social systems in general.
    Notes: Résumé Nous disposons de riches descriptions fonctionnelles de sociétés d'insectes eu-sociaux, par contre les insectes sub-sociaux, Blattes en particulier, n'ont été que récemment abordés de ce point de vue et les données proviennent presque exclusivement d'expérimentations au laboratoire sur le phénomène de dominance. Une étude complémentaire sur des populations naturelles de Blaberidés nous a semblé indispensable à une meilleure compréhension de leurs systèmes sociaux. Ainsi, au cours d'une seconde mission à Trinidad, nous avons précisé les modalités de la distribution spatio-temporelle et des relations entre les adultes deBlaberus colosseus dans une grotte. L'observation d'animaux marqués nous a montré comment l'occupation plus ou moins stable de «sites» par les mâles est contrôlée par la double influence, parfois en opposition, des structures attractives du milieu et des femelles. De plus, l'enregistrement des relations mâles/mâles permet de préciser: - que les mâles ne sont pas territoriaux sur ces sites, bien que certains au moins utilisent de façon préférentielle un domaine, les relations sont caractérisées par leur faible durée et intensité; - que la présence de femelles transforme rapidement et profondément les relations mâles/mâles par la reprise des conduites agressives. Devant les femelles, certains mâles présentent une stratégie particulière qui a pour résultat de limiter les interactions avec des mâles voisins; - enfin, l'introduction de mâles étrangers apporte des données complémentaires caractérisant le système social développé par cette population. Ces résultats d'observations en milieu naturel associés à ceux d'expérimentations conduites au laboratoire nous confirment dans l'idée qu'il est nécessaire d'éviter des types trop rigides de classement et d'opposition des modalités spatio-temporelles des rapports interindividuels; opposition entre système territorial et système hiérarchique. Chez les Blaberidés, ces deux systèmes extrêmes existent et le système social décrit ci-dessus apparaît comme un système intermédiaire de passage. La poursuite de l'étude de ces Insectes sub-sociaux de ce point de vue doit amener à une meilleure compréhension des facteurs socioécologiques qui gouvernent l'expression de telles modalités.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Abdominal obesity ; insulin resistance ; insulin secretion ; Pima Indians.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pima Indians are insulin resistant and hyperinsulinaemic compared with Caucasians. We investigated whether abdominal fat distribution was different between Pimas and Caucasians and whether differences in the amount of visceral fat explained metabolic differences between the groups. Total body fat (absorptiometry) and abdominal fat distribution at L4-L5 (magnetic resonance imaging) were compared in 20 Pima Indians (10 men/10 women) and 20 age-, sex- and BMI-matched Caucasians. Insulin action was measured as glucose disposal during a two-step hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic glucose clamp and insulin secretion was assessed in response to oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests. By design, percent body fat was similar in Pimas and Caucasians. Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue areas were also similar in the two groups (151 ± 16 vs 139 ± 15 cm2 and 489 ± 61 vs 441 ± 57 cm2 respectively). Plasma insulin concentrations were higher in Pimas than Caucasians in the fasting state (27 ± 6 vs 11 ± 2 mU/ml; p 〈 0.01) and after a 75-g oral glucose load (area under the curve 19975 ± 2626 vs 9293 ± 1847 mU · l–1· 180 min–1; p 〈 0.005). Glucose disposal was lower in Pimas than Caucasians during both steps of the clamp and negatively correlated (after adjustment for percent body fat and sex) with visceral adipose tissue in Caucasians (partial r = –0.51, p = 0.03), but not in Pima Indians (r = –0.03, p = 0.92). Insulin secretion was not related to visceral fat independently of percent body fat in either group. We conclude that a relative increase in visceral fat does not explain insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia in Pima Indians. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 28–34]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica B+C 129 (1985), S. 291-295 
    ISSN: 0378-4363
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Animal Behaviour 23 (1975), S. 640-649 
    ISSN: 0003-3472
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0920-5632
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Trends in Biochemical Sciences 18 (1993), S. 147-148 
    ISSN: 0968-0004
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 7972-7974 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We give a simplified expression of the internal current gain of buried N-body silicon-on-insulator N-metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors. It applies only for the subthreshold region of operation, which is required for the bipolar action. The existence of a body effect is emphasized and explains the change of the current gain versus the body doping and the silicon film thickness. For a more accurate estimate of the current gain, it would be required to account for space charge hole recombination and high injection effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Developmental Biology 123 (1987), S. 483-486 
    ISSN: 0012-1606
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Developmental Biology 110 (1985), S. 192-199 
    ISSN: 0012-1606
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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